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Show 36 Ex. Doc. No. 41. continues aR good to the Pac~ft ·, will 1Jc .one of .the routes to l~e con idcrcd, over whi ·h the Untte(l tate. wdl.pa s~ Immense. quanttt i s 0 f me r chan d ; s c in to w h a l may 1 c co m. c , 111 t 1111 c , t ~ 1 c n ~ h and popu I ou s 'ta tcs of ~?nor~, ~)t~ ran go, and ~o u th ern Ca ltf ?rnw. As a military posttlon, 1l 1s unportant an.<l nee s ary . The mo~n-tain fa tn.cs. cs h <lYC long been the retreating plc~ccs of the ·warlike parties of ]ndian.· and rohb rR, who sally oul to wtcrcep~ our caravans moving OY<·r the uilT~t;ent line:. of travel to. the Paclft~ .. The latitutle of Santa.} e, cletermtne(l by 52 cncnm-mcrultan altih. ules or alpha aqniln', 23 of beta aqua.rii, and 36 .allituclcs of polaris out of the meridian, is N. 35° 44' 06" . The longtludr, by the measurciOen t of 8 d istanccs bet w en the * alpha aquilr~' an <l the <I , and between * antares anll the <I, is reRpedivcly 7/". OtJ.m.. 14.s.7 and 7h. O<lm. 22sA. The me<1n or which is 711,. O.lm. 18s. an(l the longitude brought by the ·hronometer from ~he meridian of Fort Leavenworth is 7h. Oim. 05s.5.-( ee Appendtx No.4.) The place of observation wa~ the court near the.northeast corner of the public square. The lalltudc may be conRulere<l ftx d; but satisfactory as the longitude may appear, I ~hould, ncv rtl1rleRs, have great ly multiplie<~ the .numb~r. of lunar <~ist.an e es, had I 1:ot b en in daily expectatiOn of re ·e1ving a transit m.trument, wtth which a set of observations on moon culminating stars could have been made al this important geographical point. The mean of all the barometric reading: at Santa F ', indicates, as th-e height of this point above the sea, 6 ,84.6 feet,. and the neighboring p('aks to the north are many thousand fed htgher. .flugust 31.-Licutenant Warnet~,arriYecl to-day, but. ~annot yet be relieved from ordnance duty. lo-morrow an exped tllon goes to Taos but, as l\Tr. Peck is si ·k, I have no ofliccr to send with il. To-d~y apparently well authenticat d accounts have arrived that Armijo mel Ugart6, about 150 miles below, coming up with a. force of 500 regulars and some pieces of artillery; that he tumcd hack, and i: now n\a.rching towards us with a large force, rallying the peop1c as he pa . ses, and that numb rs C\re joining him from th upper towns. ln COllRequen<:e or the C reports, the gener<tl has trcngthenc<l the force with wbich he i to march the day after tomorrow to meet him. September 2.-Vv e marched out of Santa. F6 at 9 o' c 1 ock, a. m., 1.aki11o· no one of my party except .Mr. Tic tor, and leaving Lieutenant P~ck, who is still an inYalid, to assi . l Li 'utenant Gilmer. W descended the va1ley of the Santa F6 river, nearly west, for five miles, when we left the river and stru ·k aeros: a dry arid plain intersected hy arroyos, (dry beds of stream ,) in a soulhwcRter]y course. Twenty-three miles brought. us to the G<di teo creek, whic:h, at that time, was barely running. The b '<1 of the creek is sand an<l pebbles of the primitive rock, ancl lies betwren ste ep clay and lime-stone, traversed occasionally b) trap dyk 's, whi ·11 in one place arc so regular as to resemble a wall pierced with windows. From this place to it· mouth there is scarcely the sign of vegetation. At the dry mouth of the Gali teo, and directly OH the Del Norte, is the town of Santo Domingo. Defore reaching Galis- Ex. Doc. No. 41. 37 teo creek, but after l aving a.nta F6 some milcR, a few sprigs of grama. tcmptecl u~ to h<tll anll bait our nags; hut the principal growth on the pl<uns was <'ph •dra, Fr{·montia vcrmicula ri cli otis 1anata, (R?meria o~· the Spaniards,) h('ndecandia Texana. 'There w a •· a I so p t c kt• d u p 1 n to- d. a y . j .o u r ~ c y a ' <' r b r n a p i n n at ifi d a, s p h aeraleca stcllata, a cleo me llll<: t;n1olt~, (a. .handsomt' purpl' fl owcr<'d herb,) several a ·ter ancl a Sj1CC1cs of <helena, which Dr. Torrry thinks new. .september 3.-This has been a great <hy. An invitation ·was rcr (' L v e d , so me <I a)' · sin c: e , from t h e P u c b I o J n d ian s to vi. i t t he i r t 0 w n of Santo Domin.go. F'r?m h <' ig.ht to h ·ight, ns we advan ·eel, we saw hor~emcn d1 ·appenr1ng at full speed. As wr arriYed abreast of the town we were shown Ly a. g ui(lc-, poster! tl1cre for the purtwsc, the roail to . an to Do min go. The ('hi t' f part of the comma n<l a~Hl lh , wagon tnH? wer' sent al ong the highway; th' g ·neral with h LS sUdl and Cap tatn H u rgw yn's squad ron of d ra~o on s, wen cl e<l his way along the bridle path nearly due west. to tbe town. \Ve had not lHo~·ee~ed far, before we met ten or lift(' •n Ra ·hemic lo oking old lnd1an s, well mounted, and two of thrm c<trr) inrr trold-headeu canes With t.as ch;, the emblems of office in New Mc~i~o. ~alutations over, ·we jogg ·d along, <~nd, in the course of conversatiOn, the a.lca.lde, a gra,·e an<l majt> slic old lndian, said, as if casually," vVc shall meet some Indians presently, mounted and dre.'sed for \~ar, but they ar ~l\e young men. of my town, fri nds come to recetvc you, and I w1 n you to caut10n your men ;1ot to fire upon t h c m w hen they r i.d c toward , t h c m . " ''Y 11 c n wit bin a f w m i I <' s of the low u , we saw a cl o tu l o [ dust rap1d ly advancing, ancl soon the air was rent with a terrible yell resembling the Florida war-whoop. The fm·;t object that ·aught my ('ye through the column of d·u:t, was a fier ce pair of buffalo horns overlap l_> cd with lonrr ~ha.ggy hair. !'-s th ey approa ·hcd, the sturcl; form oi a naked lnd1an revealed 1l. elf b n ·ath th' horn with s.hie l<l.and lance, dashing ~t full spc cl, on a white horse, ~hich, ltke l11s own body, waR pa tnt ed all the co 1 ors of the rain bow· and then, one by one, hi. follow rs came on, painted to the eyes 'their own heads and 1hci~· hor ·e cove~ed '~ith all the strange equi~m nts th~t the brule creatiOn could aflonl 1n the way of horns, kulls, tails, feathers, and claws. As they passed us, .on rank on .each icl , they firctl a volley under o~r hors ·s' bell res from the nght and from the lcfl. Our well-tra~ned dra~oo~s sal molionlc~ on their hor es, which went along.w1th?ut prrcktng an car or showing any sign of excitement. Arnvecl ill the rear, the Indians circle<l round, droppccl into a walk on our flank un ti 1 th ir horses recovered breath, when off they ~enl at full sp ed, pa ·sing to our front, and when there, the oppostt? file met, a?d each man selected his a<lversary and keplup ~~ run~mg fif?ht, wrlh mu kets, lance~, and bows and arrows . 1 ?met unes a fellow would stoop almost to the earth to hoot under ~11s hor es' belly, at full ,peed, or to shicl<l him ·lf from an impendIng blow. So they contin ued to pa s and r('pa s us all the way to the steep cliff which overhang the town. There they filed on each |