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Show [ 7] 132 vi it cl hy Dr. Anderson (\\hom we met in Santa F 6) at a point about half way between their present village and the mouth of the Gila river. They arc taller and n' or athleti · than the Pimos, ancl what struck m • as very relllarkahlc, the men had generally aquiline noses, • whil t thos of th · women w rC' rdro\lss6rs. They occupy thalchc<l t'Oltages, thirty or forty feet in di arnetcr mad of the twigs of cotton wood trct•s, interwoven with the stra\~ of wb ·at, corn stalks and cane. olton, wheat, mai:r.e, beans, pumpkins an<l water melons arc the ·hicf agricultural products of tltt'sc peopl e. Their fields ar lai tl off i.n .squares, and water ·d, by the Zcquias, from the Gila river. Thcu unplemcnls of husJandry arc the wooden plot1gh, the harrow and the cast-stet·l axe, (procure<l probably from "'o nora.) Th<'y have but few cattl , and not .many hor ~t·s. I obs 'rvcd, dom est icated am o n p;~ l them, ducks, cl.u<'k(•.n s and p ~g~. 'I'h cy had ma11 y 01 - ~amci~tH oi s a-sh 'lis,, showtng, 111 my op11~10n, their recent migration from the gulf. 1~ rom th' character gtvcn of them by ( 1arson when he saw them i~1 1826, although th('y werC' then an agricttltural peopl~, I ~hould tlunk t~H'Y h;ul learned mu('h by th<•ir pro'-imity to the1r ~c,ghbot:s, the l>uuo~, ·wh om th(ly a('knowledgc as politically then sup<•nors, and Wll1 whom they live on terms of intimate an(l cordial fricrulsltip . . The Marr_icopas impr ·s: ctl me. as a more sprightly racr th~n the ~unos; the mtcrprclcrs of the Punos were all natives of the Marncopas band. rihe dress of both nation.' or bands was the same. That of the men a br~'ech cloth and a eotton st·rap · of dom<·stic manufaclnn•· that of ~he women the same kind of scrape pinned <Houn 11 the waist and falhng .below th .' knees, leaving the breast and arms bare. J~ oth nattons ehcrtsh<• tl an aversion to war, and a profound alta hmc:nt to all. the P?accful pursuit.' of lif•. This predilectirm arose }r?m no mcapac1ty for war, for they w rc at all times able and wdl.wg' to ,k.' p the Ap~chc~, whose hands arc raised against all olh I people, :tt a r spectful dt:tance, and prev nl depredations by .tho e moun tau~ robber~,. ':ho hold Chihuahua, on ora, and a pall. of Durango m a condllton approachincr almo ·t to tributary provLnces. b They have ~high. r?gard for morality, an<l punish transgress ions I~ore by p~tbltc opmton than by fines or rorporenl punishmc•nts. I oly· g1a m, l y ·t s1 u.n k.nown amono·st them and the · f 1 lt pun1s let WLtl su.t 1l f earful peon'a 1lr. es am' o' ngRt I 1c· nmc ot' at u cry, ll · 1 J ' · ' · n< tan na lons g<' ner-a y,. IS ~ere(\ most unl.cnown, and i ,' punished by the coutempl of the I 'I at L v ~· s an a ass 0 (.I (1 t e s 0 f the g ll i It y p a J' t i (' s. tl The tl ndtans we mel b('twcen the Del Norte 1 tl p· t 1 . 11 , ant 1e 11nossc - . cmc~l W<'re most Y Wl < Intltans of th<' great Apache nation, whi~.:h l1l h a b 1 l s a I I t h c c o u n t r Y n o r t h an <1 so u t h o f t h c U i l a , a 11< 1 b o t h s i d s of the De] -:Nort(', about the parallel of the Jornada and Dead l\Iau's lak s. rl.'hry have no fix ctl hrthit :;;, and' tl'<' nu l) \'n~~: ti h '~ of their ahoci('S wluch we s.t,, ~\ere t<:mpotar) ~ lu .. d~;, a f~ \\ fet1. Jugh, made of the "' 133 [ 7] twigs of lrPCf\. They live principn.11y by plntHl ring th 1\'T t• .. ·iran of New 1Vlt• · ico, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Dnrango. . . .No vocabulary of their lancrnag' wa · pro<'.lll'<'d. ,. I am lll ·lmed to think tht'Y exll'nd up to th<• head wat.t•rs o{ ~he <~'.Ia . . BeyotHt lh('tn to th' north is the \~arltkc nat1on of th<,' NavaJOcs, who Mr. [1"'itzpatrick thinks, ar' ·~lltcd to .th' Cro\~ ln<ltans. . . N~·ar the head water: of the Salma~, wlul'h nu_,s 111 .a course, 1t 1s said nearly n ortheast atHl southwest, 1s a ba.nd of lnd ~ans ·ai led the oo;H's, who, in mann ·rs, hab~t~, ~ntl pt~rstuts, arc sa1d lo rescmh.lc the p i m o s 1 c X c > p l l hat tIt c y h. V ' l 11 lJ o. tL S \' S S C 0 0 p '< l f I' 0 tn t h t' S 0 lH 1 rock. Many of them arc A lb111os, wlu ·h may b · the .rons('quc.ncc of th ir cavernous dwellin gs . 'urroundul b .. th' w~uld(~ ~avajoc, an(l the thicv111g Apache, they nevc rthele:s tdl th u soil tn peace an<l ecnrity. . Coming farther cast, we reach the . an Jos(', a tnbutary to the Puerco , whieh is a trioutary to the Rto del ortc fr.om th wrst, not the Rio Pucr ·o r presented on the map to flow mto the Del N ortc south of El l)asso. II •re is an In(lian rae living in four story hons.es, 1~uilt upon .rocky promontories ina ·e~sihle to a savage f'~r., ·ultlvattng the sod and answering the d('scription of the seven ~ttu.·~ of Va ·qucz C~rona<lo, except in th<'ir present insignifi cance Ll1 Sl:t. and popu}alwn, anu the fa ct that the towns, though ncar cac:h ot:her, arc not 111 "a (.eontinuous) vall·y six leagues lot1g," but on ddf • r c~1t hran<' hes of. the sam • stream. Th nam • · of these towns arc Ctbollcta, Moq UlllO, 1) o j u at o , 'o v c r o , A con a, L <l gun a , P o h I a<' on ; the 1 a. t a r u i n · . 1 ditl not visit the.·. e towns in pt'rson; hut I hope t~ get. a lllmutc clcscription from one who (tid, and, shoul<l J succ cd, Jt wdl be sent to you. The worl yon mention, of Casten atl a, hn s . never . be n se.<'n by me. My own impr ession, and it i~. so st:ttcd ll1 my JOUrna.l, 1s that the many ruins we saw on the Uda nu.ght w ll be atlr~hu~cd to Indians of the race we .saw in New Mex1co, <l n<l on th • Lla. 1tsclf. I m •an by the la:l, the Pimos, who might ca,ily ha.v ' lost t~1c art of building adobe or mucl hou ·es. ln all resp •ets, except. thctr <lwt>llings, they appear d to be of th<' sam· race as the bu1t.ldcr~ of the numberless houses now level with the ground on the U1la nvcr. The imp! mcnl for grinding corn, and tl~c brok n pottery, were the only vestiges of the mcchani<'al arts whtch w~ sa.w amo.ngst the ruins, with th ('X ception of a few ornaments, pr111 c1 pally unmense well lu rn •<I bead.', the si zc of a hen's •gg. . The same corn grinu ·r and poll ry ar > now 1n usc among the Pimos. The corn grinder is merely a large stone, wc~J worn, s 1 i g h t 1 y con c a v , a n d an o t h e r o f d i ff ere n l s hap , convex, 111 t c n d u to fit the fust and crush the corn between by the pressure of the hand. The ruins on the Gila w r ftr ·t s<'Cn at camp 81, the position of which is . hown in the table, from thrnc' to the Plmos' village. Whercv r the mountains did not imping' too clo:e on th river an~ shut out the valley, they w re seen in grc.at abundanc , enough, should think, to indicate a former populat10n of at least one hun- |