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Show 594 •Ex. Doc. No. 41. w i 1 d g 0 o s e and t be r R v en·' ( our con s l ~ n t com pan ion , ) t h e r e d b i r c1 , t he quail , and a small bud resembhng the. orto lan , .the butterfly nd t he grassho pp er were ~bout .all the ani.male obJec ts we saw. om Apachrs from the nel!:!hbonng mountaw s came to_a tall ~op and hail ,cl the column, Clnd Captam Moore succrcded m gettmg them to camp; they <·ould talk but little Spanish, and appear to b a v c a vern a l' u I a r d i tf t> rent fro m t h o s e \V e h a v e s c en b e f o rt.' ; 1 h e y l rc::;s partly in panish coslumr. One of tl1<'m tol<l me the hole in t he pomt of the toe of th<'ir moccasins was to lel out water; they en cam pcd with ns, not forgetting to beg tobacco. 0 u r road to-tl ay was sttcwn with pottery as ur-.ual, wl1erev<r the grouncl looked as if it could be irrigated. The pottery was mostly plain red earth ; o c cas uw a 11 y a pi r e e was :;:. <' c n b l a c k an d '\\- hit e , :;:. i m d a r to t h o R c on the San Pedro; I coultl sre no foundations or any othrr cerl<lin traces of h ou~eR. Our roacl was an old I ndian trail al l day, an d , from some point <"llong hC're, by striking to th(' San Francisco, tlu• hil lR of 2tl November an<l fo ll owing, may he avoided; water may be wanting; b ut these Apaches p oin t to the hills on t he n orth sidP of thr Gila as their homes. The country within ~ i x mile~ of the mouth of the San Pedro and down the Gila to this poi nt contam5 aboul16 sect ions of Ian d , whi ch, by i r r ig ali on , w o u 1 d pro flu e we 1l ; t he hi 11 s afford but a very sca n ty pasture . November 8.-It rained quite harll upon us last night; t he g<'ne-ral gave orders t o s tart an hour l at er to-da y , that t he men mi ght have time to dry t h eir bl anket s ; as th ey are without te nts , of co urse they wen~ very wet. Marched about 9, t ak in ~ leave of our Apache frien ds, who promise to bring mul('s to our camp to-ni gh t , to trade for blankets, &c. Our route to-day led down the canon-a r oad impa .. sabl e, of course , in hi gh wate r, as we had to fo r d t he Gila ome dozen t imes. The most of the way, the hi lls or mountains on uh sitle of the ri ver were composed ot a bea ut iful g rani te, seamed with basalt, ( or trap uykcs,) an..d seams of quartz; in places , too , t~e granite con ta i ~H' tl 1 ~~) e:rs ?f fo1 (•ign matte r, either caused by a dlff rent aggregatiOn of par tt cl es, or actually a forei gn stone, imb edded. Our dire ction was pretty nea r west; as we progress ed, we caf!le to the dilu~i o n again,. composed, as usual, of fra gme nts of the adJ&tceu l rocks; In places, 1l was much upheaved; in oth ers, i t had not h.ard ened into ston e , and rested as it was deposited; the caps of the hdls near the west end of the cafion 1 are of basalt , in some places apparently resting upon beds of tliluvion. We march ed only ab ?ut 14 m.iles,. and encamped at the last grass on the ro ad from this to California. They tell us there is n on e ; this is very cant, and could not well be worse. We passed several places today, where we could g et as much for our animals as here · and there ts an old trail down the canon . Near our camp, we fou'nd broken p ottery, ~ut none ornam ented-. all reel. There is but little ground tn the .canon c ap~ble of producmg any grain by cultivation. Our ca~p 1s. on the nght .bank. Before, as westward, is a high and pecuhar hdl, capped wtlh basalt and with precipices; on the north. I ... I I Ex. Doc. No. 41. 595 a nd so~th s~de, sheer perpendicularly many hundred feet. The moun tau~ s, 1 n e v cry d tr e c t i o u , arc s h a r> e I e s s r a vi n c s of igneous rocks, w t th scanty grc~ w th of 1 ow b u" hes c:o veri ng their sic] es, and grass apparently wanltng: The b.ul~e r , _the rav• n, the duck, the goose, tla .. dec~, the rabhtt, show th~tr stgns. vVt> met a terrapin to ~lay, ~ruch 1s probably th~ terraptu gopltcr of thP south of the U n t ted S talc s . I n o. u r r a rn p I ~ l H'. 1 e m n. i n s o f so m c h a hi t. at i o n , p o t tery,_&: c, and the ru1ns of an cl1pllcal wall, 72 by 4'3 feet, nothing rcmaullng but the roun<l boulders, one and two feet in diameter which formed the base, prob tbly, of the wnll. Distan ce , 11 miles~ November 9.-Marched about 8, autl p.l .etlthe end of the canon thr?ugh an op<·.ning in the rot;ky hill' truly grancl. On the right ana left, .the cliffs overhun~ us hundreds of feet, compose1l of ba alt on o~e.sulc, .and amyg,laloul; apparently, the dtluvion affected by comh~n1~g ~vtth some other ·uu.~l.ance, and appearecl to be an angle of 45. d1pptng east; th_e ~ountatn on the 1ef:t bank was composed of t lus , an u the seams 1 n 1 t ho wecl the exerlt on of a rem .ukab Ie force. In one pL1ce, a crack in the mountain had formc1l a wedcreshaped mass, which had sli pped down in t he opening crevice :nd was pe rhaps 50 fee t below its pr op er position. West of it ~as a , peak of b asalt, and on the r ight bank of the river gran ite made its tippearan ce, but i n low hill s. After coming out of the cation, the signs of form er occupation i ncreased; an exte nsive plain coun try opened ll'p on us, which ex t c n d s, pro b a b 1 y, to \tl t rive r, which is about 15 mil es n orth of here. About 12 miles fr om camp, we came upon a fin e spot of grass, one mile ft·om the r i ve r, where we nooned • all the rest of the plain was n al<ed, except the mesquite, creosote: anu other bushes, which covered pe rh aps one-th ird of th e land. Abotl t our nooning place, the vast r ern a ins of a set t lement commenced, which reached to our camp, three miles; the g round waa |