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Show 588 Ex. Doc. No. 41. from the camp to th uppe~ en<l of th~ carton, the grass was Ycry fine gram a, and will fu rn tsh at any ttme f1ne camps for any n.umber of animals; the grass along th.e edgP of the_ water on the ~1ver grows in a thin stripe very luxunantly; there 1s usually a th1cket of willows, about 10 yar<ls tleep, along the borders of the stream; then in the bottom which is subject to overflow, cotton-woods grow of two and thr'ce feet in diameter; this strip is usually 200 or 300 yards wide. We comruencell at a quarter to 11 our passa_ge of th c hi Ils on the north side of the caflOn. Our a seen t was ra pHI, and by an Indian trail· the road very rough. After marching ten mi lcs, we found a s p ri;l g high up the mountains, where we watered; and going threP-qnarters of a mile further, we encamped. One ?f the howitzers got broken on the road, and three_ mules ga~e out tn them. Lieutenant Davidson and party came In some t1me after dark, and reported that he had been obliged to l~ave them four miles behind him. A party of six men was sent out to guard them until to-morrow and measures taken to have them brought up. The formations ~ear the month of the San Francisco, and to the upper end of the canon, are uilnvion, fast tur~ing to stone,. overlaying sandstone and limestone of late format1?n; ?elow this, the black basalt appears in seams and caps among the ~Ills, also, to ~he northwest, we came upon granite, (mostly feldspa~luc,) seam_e.d with basalt in dykes, and intermixed occasionally w1th other Igneous rocks, some indicating the presence of iron jn large quantities; near our camp an outcrop of dark-colored slate, capped with pudding stone, which changed to a silicious state-the same substance which forms the cement of the pndcling-ston~; this pudding_-stone would probably make a fine millstone; the dtp of the strata 1s very rleep to the west. The vegetation to-day was novel : the cactus I ( Ex. Doc. No. 41. 589 ~ pit.ahay~) made its ;ppearance; it be.ars a fine fruit, and is sometimes 30 ~e e t ~1gh, has lo flutes or more, IS 2~ fe et in diameter, and has an tn~enor struct~re of hard WOO{~-one for each flute. The agave Amencana made 1ts appearan ce; 1t bears a fine fruit in the season. The ~uscal o~ the Mexica_lls had bl oomed in many cases this year, an d lh d , h a \'1 n g f u l fi 11 c d Jt c e n l u r y o f pro bat i o n · it was t h e e mblcm of 100 years in the Aztee pi cture-writing. The snow was visible on a mountain 35° east-probably a mountain at the head of Salt ri~er. _South;_ves~ from Z~ni, a route is said to be open from near this powt lo .Zuni and Cibollelta . A view from the hill-top south shows a pla1n probably beyond the an Pedro which probably unites with the low divide between Mount Dau'as and Mount Barbe. .JY'ovember 2.-S?me Ap~ches (Pinoleros) showeu themselves on a hlll-_top early this morn1ng, and made signals of a desire to hold c?unctl; after a good many efforts, one was got into camp, and given some presents; then came another, then another then anothe and. anothe~, each of whom, in t_urn, got confidence that we did n~t des1gn l~ urt1ng them; t~oy prom t~ed to bring a number of mules to t r ad e w l t h u s, a !1 d fur n 1 she d a g u 1 d e to b r in g us to w ate r six m i 1 e 8 further on our Journey, where we agreed to move to and me t them to-morrow. They seemed to be poor in worldly g~ar, but a~c fat e~ough ? they are small men, but finely knit and well muscled, espectally In the legs. Our camp has been one of their hidingplaces, and they find a secure asylum in these ruggeu mouut · !he high peaks afford fine points for l~ok-ou t , upon one of w~\nc~ 1~ always_ seated one o~ thetr number, hk~ the sentinel-crow on the ht~h~st limb of .the adJ~C.cn.t tree, watchtng over the safety of his thtevm~ fraterntty; the1: wigwams scarce peep above the low brushwood ol.the country, betng not _more than four feet high, slightly ..Jug out In thr cen.1re, and the dtrt thro\vn around fh c t wiO's \vhi ch are rudely wo·.en Into an oven .shap e, a3 a canopy c P!c llCl . .;c · a tenemen~ of a few hours' work IS the home of a family for years' or a day ; . 1 1 k e the. w o 1 v e s, l hey are ever wandering. The costume 0 f our g~ule consi ts of a small cap of buckskin, ti~d under his chin coveflng only the top of his head; a cotton shirt with no sleeves' upon the bacl~ of which he h~d plastered some y~1low paint; th~~ t~e dressed ~lnn of a blac~-taded deer, thrown over his shoulders; hts breech-cloth of bucksktn, leather JegginO's from his knee down connected ~ith his moccasins, forming a so~· t of boot; a powder~ horn over h1s shoul~ler, and a pouch b.elteJ around his shirt, a fine dun ho~se a~d Spanish saddle and bndle, and a gun in a leather case ; h.1s half was long, and had a knot behind like a woman's; his moccastns, as usual, square-toed and turned up; his thighs, which were bare, bore many a scar from the thorny bushes of the country. W.e broke up camp, and followed our guide about six and a half mtles NNW., and found a good camp in a grove of sycamore with a little water w hi~h rises and sinks again within 100 yards.' We passed~ n~w species of cactus to-day, a sort of bush with slender stems, stmtlar to one seen on the Del Norte. As usua'I when we found one, we found others, a single specimen being n~t yet met |