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Show 198 lamps, and one of the front panels, which had been kicked out by an un. ruly Indian horse. The howitzer was the only wheeled carriage now re. maining. We started about noon, when the weather had become dis. agreeably cold, with ~urries of ~now. pur friend Mr. Perkins, whose kindkess had been active and effictent dunng our stay, accompanied us sev. eral miles on our road; when he bade us farewell, and consigBed us to the care of our guides. Ascending to the uplands beyond the southern fork of the Tinanens creek, we found the snow lying on the ground in frequent patches, although the pasture appeared good, and the new short grass was f~·esh and grceu .. We travelled over high, hiJly land, and encamped on a httte branch of Tmanens creek, whore thoro were good grass and timber. Ttte southern bank was covered with snow, which was scattered over the bottom ; and the little creek, its borders lined with icc, had a chilly arid ·wintry look. A number of Indians had accompanied us so far on our road, and remained with us during the night. Two bad-looking fellows who were detected in stealing, were tied and laid before the fire, and guard .mounted over them during the night. The night was cold, and partially clear. November 26.-The morning was cloudy and misty, and but a few stars visible. During the night water froze in the tents, and at sunrise the ther. lno.metcr wus a.t 20°. Left camp at 10 o'clock, the road leading along tribu. t~ncs of tho Ttnanens, and being, so far, very good. We turned to the r1.gl.1t .at the forlr of the trail, ascending by a steep ascent along a spur to the dividmg grounds between this stream and the waters of Fall river. The c~·eeks we had passed were timbered principally with oak and other de· ci?nous trees.. Snow lies every where here on the ground, and we had a sh~ht fall dunng the morning; but towards noon the gray sky yielded to a b~1ght sun. This morning we had a grand view of St. Helens and Reg· 111er: t~1e latter appeared of a conical form, and very lofty, leading the eye far np mto the sky. The line of the titnb~red country. is very distinctly marke~ here, the bare hills making with it a remarkable contrast. The summit of t~e ridge commanded a fine view of the Taih prairie, and the strean: ru?m~~ through it, which is a tributary to the Fall river, the chasm of which 1s v1s1ble to the right. A steep desceut of a mountain hill brought us dow1~ into the valley, and we encamped on the stream after dark, guided by the hght o~ fires, which some naked Indians belonging to a village on the opposHe s1de were kindling for us on tho bank. This is a large branch of the Fallrlver. There was a broad band of thick ice some fifteen feet wide on either bank, and the river current is swift and bold. The night \Vas cold and clear, and we made our astronomical observation this even· ing with the thermometer at 20°. In antici~ation of coming hardship, and to spare our horses, there w~s ~u:h walkmg done to-day; and Mr. Fitzpatrick and myself made the days Jour ncy on foot. So1newhere ncar tho mouth of this stream are the fails from which the river takes its name. Nove?nbe?' 27.-A fine view of Mount IIood this morning; a·rose-eolored ~ass of snow, bearing S. 85° W. by compass. The sky is clear, ~nd !he air .cold; the ther~ometer 2°.5 below zero; the trees and bushes ghttenng Whit~, an~ the rap1d stream filled with floating icc. · d Sttlets~ and the White Crane two Indian chiefs who had accompame us thus far, took their leave, and we resumed our journey at 10 o'clock. We ascended by a steep hill from the river bottom, which is sandy, to a 199 [ 174 J volcanic plain, around which lofty hills sweep in a regular form. It is cut up by gullies ~f bas~lt~c rock, esca~pn~ents ~f. which~ppe~r every ~here in the hills. Th1s plam ts called the fa1h pra1ne, and 1s spnnkled Wlth some scattered pines. The country is no\v far more interesting to a traveller than the route along the Suakc and Columbia rivers. To our right we baa always the mountains, from the midst of whose dark pine forests the isolated snowy peaks were looking out like giants. They served us for grand beacons to show the rate at which we advanced in our journey. IVIount ·Hood was already becoming an old acquaintance, and, when we ascended the prairie, we obtained a bearing to Mount J eLTerson, K 23° W. The Indian superstition has peopled these lofty peaks with evil spirits, and they have never yet known the tread of a humau foot. Sternly dra wu against the sky, they look so high and str.ep, so snowy and rocky, that it would appear almost impossible to climb them; but still a trial would have its attractions for the adventurous travcll~r. A small trail takes off throngh the prairie, towards a low point in the range, and perhaps there is here a pass into the Walahn1ette valley. Crossing the plain, we descended by a rocky hill into the .bed of a tributary of Fall river, and made an early encampment. The water was in holes, and frozen over, and we were obliged to cut through the ice for the animals to drink. Au ox, which was rather troublesome to drive, was killed here for food. The evening was fine, the sky being very clear, and I obtained an immersion of the third satellite, with a good observation of an emersion of th~ first; the latter of which gives for the longitude, 121° 02' 43"; the latitude, by observation, being 45° 06' 45". The night was cold-the thermometer during the observations standing at 9°. November 28 -The sky was clear in the morning, but suddenly clouded ov~r, n:nd at sunrise began to snow, with the thermometer at 18°. \iVe traversed a broken high country, partly timbered with pine, and a.bout no~u crossed a mountainous ridge, in which, from the rock occaSIOnally displayed, the formation consists of cotnpact lava. Frequent tracks of ~lk wer~ visible in the snow. On our right, in the afternoon, a high plam, partially covered with pine, exteJ).ded about ten miles, to the foot of the Cascade mountains. At evening \Ve encamped in a basin narrowly surrounded by rocky hills, afte! ~day's journey of 21 miles. The surrounding rocks are either volcamc pro.ducts, or highly altered by volcanic action, consisting of quartz and redd1sh-colorcd siliceous masses. N?vember 29.-·We emerged from the basin, by a narrow pass, upon a consHlerable branch of Fajl river, runniug to the cast ward through a narhow va.lley. T~e trail, descending this stream, brought us to a l~cality of ot spnngs, wluch were on either bank. Those on the left, whiCh were f~rmed into deep handsotnc basins, would have been delightful baths, if t e outer air had not been so keen, the thornwmeter in these being at..t'9°. Th~re Were others, on the opposite side, at the foot of an escarpmetit, in Whtch the temperature of the water was 134°. These waters deposited arou~d the spring a brecciated mass of quartz and feldspar, mnch of it of a reddlsh color. We crossed the stream here, nnd ascended again to a high plain, from Mel evated point of which we obtained a view of six oC the great pcaksount Jefferson, followed to the southward by two others of the same clas ; and succeeding, at a still greater distance to the southward, were three other |