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Show 16 APPENDIX TO PAHT U. diameter, in the centre of which is a small leather ring- attached tu leather thongs, which is extended to the hoop, and by that mcuns J~crps it in its central position; they also have a pole of about 6 feet in length, which the player holds in one hand, and then roll::. the hoop from him, and immediately slides the pole after it, <~nd the ne<>rct· the head of the pole lies to th(· small ring· within the hoop, (when they both fall) the greater is the cast. But I could not nsccrt< lin their mode of counting, sufficiently to decide when the r;ame was won. Anothct· game is plnyecl with a small st ick, with several hooks, and a hoop about four inches diameter, which is roll d nlong- the ~ round, and the forked stick darted afret· it, when the value of tho rast is csumated by the hook on which the ring- is cau ~; ht. This game is gaiucd at 100. The third game alluded to, is that of La Platte, clcscribed by various trav llcrs, and i5 played at by the women, children, and old men, who like gt·asshoppers, crawl out to the circus to bask iu the sun, probably covered only with nn old buffalo robe. The Pawnees, like the Osage, qHit their villng·es in the winter, making concealments under ground of their corn, in which it keeps pt rfcctly souud until spting. The only nations with whom the P ;...wnees arc now at war, arc the Tetaus, Utahs, and Kyaways. Tile two latter of whom re~ide in the mountains of North Mcxi.co, and ::,hall be treated of, when 1 speak of the Spanish Indians. The former generally inhabit the borders of the Upper Hed river, Arkansaw, and Rio del Norte. The war has hcen carried on by those nations fm· years, with· out auy decisive action being fought, although they frequently march with 2 or 300 men. The Pawnees have much the advant~q~e of their enemic., in point of arms, haYing :.~t least one hnlf fire arms, whilst their op!JO· ucnts haYc only UO\\ ::., nnows, lances, ~ hi e Ids and slings. The Pawnee~ alwa}s 111arch to wnr on foot, their enemies an· all cavalry. This 11 ution may be cousidercd as the one equi-clistnnl betW<.:C11 the Spani!-.h populatiou, and th at of 0\11' settlements or Lou isiana, but arc at prc::.<:nt decidedly uudcl' ~panish inilucn cc, and should a wur commence to-monow, would all be in tiH.ir interest. 'l hi·· ci rcu nlstaocc docs not arise from their local !,ituatioll, because th l'y arc all situated on navi gable waters of tllc l\Iissouri ; nor from their int<:rc::.t, bccclUSe from the Spa11ia1'<l<; they obtain nothinr; ex cept horses ami a few coarse blunkets of \V. 1.\lexico i whilst fm111 11s they receive all thcit· supplie~ of tmnc;, <lllltllltllition, and clothilll\, APPENDIX TO PART II. 17 but all those articles in very small quantities. not more than half having n blanket, nnd many without breech cloths to cover their na~ ked ness. But the grand pt·inciple by which the Spaniards keep them in their infl uence, is fear; frequ ently chastising their small parties on their ft·onticrs. Their sending out the detachment of 600 horsemen in 1806, has made such an impression, that they may safely calculate on them in case of war. This detachment took with them some of the Pawnees to Chihuahua, at the same time I ente red the Spanish provinces. But, by withholding thei t· supplies of arms, ammunition, and clothing one o1· two years, bringing on their Lmcks the Osage and Kans, they would be in great distress, and feel the llCCe&sity of a good understanding with the U nited S tates. If there should ever bo factories established for their accomo· tlation, they should be at the entrance of the La Platte and K•ms rivet·s, as those waters arc of so unce1t\\in navi ~ation , i only ia f1·cshcs) th at it would he folly to uttcmpt any permanent establishments high up them ; and to make those establishment~ useful to the Pawnees, we must presuppose ou r influence suOicicnt to g uarantee to them peace and a safe passal{e throug·h the uations of the Kans, Otos, and l\lis::.ourics; the former on th\.! Kans ri,•er; tlic two latter on the river Pl<~tlc. My joumcy will give various other strikin~ truits or tlw mttional c har•tctcr of the Pawnees, and my di~~> e rtation on the subject of the Spanish claims, will further elucidate the political auclrclativc :-,iluation of that nation. The K~t us al'c a small nation, situated on the r!ver of that namt: \.sec the chart) and arc in lang-utgc, manner::., customs, ancl agricul· t ut·al purs uits, preci-;cly simi b r to the O.:;agc : '"ith whom I believe them, as bcio1·c observed, to have had one common ori~in. It may be s.tid, how\.!vcr, that their langu..tgc difl'crs in ::.ome tJcgt·cc, bUlBUl lllOI'C than the di..tJcct of 0111' eastern States, <.JifTt:l'5 from that of the southern. But iu w;.tr, they a re yet mort: bt·avc than th <:u· Osugc brethren, being ( althou~h not n&orc than one third their number) their most dt·cadcd cnernies, aud frc r1ucntly .m ~.~k in g the P..twuce!i tremble. The T~.:taus or Cam.mche, as th<: Spaniards term thcn1, Padoucas by the Pawnees, arc a powerful natiou, which arc entirely erratic, without the least species of cultivation, and subsisting solely by the ch.tse. llut tl1ei1· w:mdcrings arc confined to the ft·ontiers of New Mexico on the west; the nations on the Lower Hell ri\ cr on the S. the Pawnees and Osage on the E. anti the Utahs, Kyaway~, and vari· |