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Show 54 APPENDIX TO PART l. its beneficial qualities by the application made of it to theit· frozen extremities in vat·ious instances. The Pine 'rive1· bears ft·um the Mississippi N. 30° E. although it empties in on that which has been ]1ithcrto termed the \V. shore. It is 80 yards wide at its mouth, and has an island immediately at the cnu·ttncc. It communicates with Lake Lc Sang- Sue, by the following course of navig:Hion: In one clay·s sail from the confluence, you atTive at the fit·st part of White Fish Lake, which is about 6 miles long and two wide. From thence you pursue the river about two miles, and come to the 2cl White J<'ish Lake, which is about 3 miles long and l wide; then you have the river three miles to the Sd lake, which is 7 miles long and two in "idth. (which 1 crossed on my retum from the head of the Mississippi, on the of February; and is in 46° 32' 32" N. latitude) From thence you follow the river u quarter of a mile to the 4th lake, which is a circular one of about 5 miles in cit·cumference. From thence you pmsuc the rivet· one day's sail to a small lake • from thence two day's sail to a portage, which conveys you to another lake, from whence hy small portages from lake to lake, you make the Yoyage to Leech Lake. The whole of this course lays through ridges of pines or ~wamps of pinenct, s.1p pine, hemlock, &c &c. From tlte river De Corbeau to this pl.tcc, the deer arc very plenty, but we found no more bulfalo or elk. From this spot to Red Cedur Lake, the pit1C ridges arc interrupted by lat·ge bottoms of elm, ush, oak, and maple; the soil of which would be very proper fot· cultivation. From the ttppc:arauce of the Icc, (which was fit·m and equal) I conceive thct·c can be but Ollc ripple in this distance. Red Cedar lake Jays on the E. side of the Mis~a~sippi, at the distance of 6 miles from it, and is ncar equally distant from the rivet· De CCI·beau and Lake De Sable. Its form is an oblong- square, and may be 10 miles in circumference. From this to Lake De Sable on the E. shore, you meet with Muddy River, which discharges itself into the Mississippi by a mouth 20 yards wide, and bears nearly N. E. \V e then meet with Pike river on the \ V. about 77 miles below Sandy lake, and bears nearly due N: up which, you ascend with canoes 4 day's sail, and arrive at a wild Rice lake, which you pass through and enter a small stream, and nsccnd it two leagues; then cross a portage of two acres into a lake 7 leagues in circuntfcrence; then two leagues of a river into another small lake. From thence you descend the current N. E. into Leech lake. Tltc banks of the Mississippi are still bordered l>y the pines of the clifTc..:t·cnt species, except a few small bottoms of elm, lynn and maple. The game scarce, and the Aborigines, sub- APPENDIX TO P AUT I. 55 ::,ist almost entirely on the beaver, with a few moose, and the wild rice ot· oats. Sandy Lake rhcr (or the discharge of said lake) is lnr~e, ~>Ut is only &ix miles in length from the Jake to its confluence wtth the Missis&ippi. Lake De Sable is about 25 miles in circumferc nc~, and has a number of small rivers running- into it: one of those IS entitled to particulat· allcntiou, viz: the river Sav: nna, which by a j)Ol'tagc of three miles and three quarters communicates with the river St. Louis, which empties into Lake Superior at the Fond Dtt Lac; and is the channel by which theN. \V. comp<dlY brin!; all theit· g-oods fot· the trade of the Upper 1\lissi~sippi. Game is ,·cry scarce in this country. In ascending the 1\Ii s si ..,~ippi from Sanely Jake, you first meet with Swan ri\·cr on the cast, whtch beat·s neal'ly due E. and is navigable fat· bark canoes, 90 miles to Swan lake. You then meet with the Meadow river, which falls in on the E. and bears neady E. by N. and is navigable fot· Indiilo canoes I 00 miles. You then in ascending meet with a very stron~; ripple, and an expansion of the river where it forms a small lake. Tltis is three miles below tltc f,llls of Puckegamau, and from which the noise of the shoot mi1~ht be heard. The course of the ri\cr at the falls, was N. 70° 'iV. and jus below, the rivet· is a quarter of a mile in \\'idth, but above the shoot not more than 20 yards. The water thus collected, rum; down a Oat rock, which has an clc,·ation of about 30 de~rees. Imrnccliatcly above the fall is a small i sland of about 50 yards in circumference, covered wit b sap pine. The portage which is on the E. (or N.) side, is no more than 200 yards; and by no melns dHTtcult. Those falls, in point of con~idcration, as nn impediment to the navigHtion, stand next to the falls of St. Anthony, from the source of the river to the Gulf of l\lexico. The banks of the river to the Mcadow river, have generally either been timbered by the pine, pincnctt, hemlock, sap pine, ot· the aspen tree. From thence it winds through high grass meadows, (or savannas) with the pine swamps, at a distance appearing to cast a deeper gloom on the borders. From the falls in ascending, you pass the lake Puckegamau on the ';y. celebrated for its great productions of wild rice ; and next meet with the Deer river on the E. the extent or its navigation unknown. You next meet with the Ridcre Lc Cross, on the .t.. side, which bears nearly N. and bas only a portage of one mile to pass from it into the Luke \Vinipcquc llt·anch of the 1\lississippi. We next come to , .. hat the people of that quarter call the forks of the Missi~~ippi. The rig ht fork of which bears N. \V. and runs eight leagues to Lake 'Vinipcquc, which b of an oval form of |
