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Show APPENDIX TO PART I. about 36 miles in circumference. Ft·om Lake '\Vinipcque the rive1 continues 5 Jca~ucs to Uppct· Red Cedat· Lake, which may be termed the Upper Source of Mi!>sissippi. The Leech Lake Bmnch beurs (ft·om the forks) S. 'V. and runs through a chain of meadows. You pass Muddy lake, which is scarcely any thing mot·e than an extensi,·e marsh of 15 miles in circumference; the rivet· ucat·s throug-h it neal'ly N. after which it af{ain tmns W. In many places this bt·unch is not more than ten or fifteen yards in width, althoug-h 15 or 20 feel deep. From this to Leech Lake, the communication is direct, and without any impediment. This is rather considered as the n1ain source, although the Winipeque Branch is navigable the greatest distance. To this place the whole face of the country l1as an appearance of an impenetrable morass, or boundles savanna. But on the bordet·s of th0 lake is some oak and larg·e groves of sugal' maple, from which the traders make suflicient sugar for their consumption the whole year. Leech Lake communicates with the rhet· De Cm·beau by seven port<tges, and the river Des FGuilles also, with the Hcd ri'er, by the Otter Tail Lake on the one side, and by Reel Cedar Lake <mel other small lakes to Red Lal<e on the other. Out of these small lakes and ridg-es, rises the upper waters of the St. Lawrence, 1\lississippi, and Red river,'* the latter ofwhich discharges itself into the ocean by Lake \Vinipie and Hudson's Bay. All those waters have theit· uppet· sources within I 00 miles of each .other, which I think plainly pt·oves this to be the most elevated part of the N. E. continent of America. But we must cross (what is commouly termed) the Rocky Mountains, or a Spur of the Cor# dcliers, previous to our finding the waters, whose currents mn westward, and pay tribute to the western ocean In this quarter we find moose, a very few deer and Lear, but a vast variety of fur animals of all drscnptions. The first nation of Indians whom we met with in ascending the Mississippi from St. Louis, were the Sauks, who principally re!!idc in four villages. The I stat the head of the rapids De Moyen on the W. shore, consisting of 13 log lodges. The 2d on a prairie ou the E. shot·e, about 60 miles above. The 3d on the Riviere De Hochc, about three miles from the entrance, and th'e last on the river I o·wa. They hunt on the Mississippi and its confluent streams, from the Illiuois to the river Des Iowa; and on the plains west of them, which. border the Missomi. They are so perfectly consolidated with. • Red river discharges itself into Hudson'• Bay, hy Lake Winipi~ and Nd· srm's river. APPENDIX TO PART I. 5'{ the Reynards, that they scarcely can be termed a distinct nation ; but recently there appears to be a schism between the two nations: the latte1· not approving- of the in8olmce and ill •will, which has 111arkt·d the conduct of the former towards the U nitcd States, on many late occu1Tences. They have for many years past made war (under the auspices of the Sioux) on the Sauteaux, Osngcs, and Missouries; but as recently a peace has ueen (thr·ough the influence of the L'nited States) made between them and the nations of the Missouri, and by the same means between the Sioux and Sauteaux, (their principal allies) it appears tbat it would by no means be a difficult matter to induce them to m;.tkc a ~e ne1·al peace, and pay ~till greate1· attention to the cultivation of the eaJ•th : as they now raise a considerable quan tity of corn, beans, and melons. The charactet· that they bear with their savage brethren, is, that the'y :.'IJ'c much more to be drendecl fc1t' their deceit and inclination for stmtag-em, than lot' open courage. The Reynards reside in three villag-es. The I~;t. on the W. side of the Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of the river De Roche. The 2d. about 12 miles in the rear of the lead mines, and the 3d. on Turkey river, half a lca~ue from its entrance. They arc engaged in the same wars, and have the same alliances as tho Sauks, with whom they must be considet·ed as indissoluble in war or peace. They hunt on both sides of the Mississippi from the rivet· Iowa, (below the Prait·ie Des Chiens) to a river of that name above said villag-e. They J'aise a g-1 eat quantity of col'll, beans, and melons ; the former of those articles in SHch r1uuntities, as to sell rn<my hundred bushels per annum. The Iowus reside on the rivers De Moyen and Iowa in two villages. They hunt on the west side of the 1\lississippi, tho river De Moyen, and westward to the Missomi; th eir wars and alliances at·e the same as the Suuks and Reynards ; under whoc;e special protection they cunceive themselves to be. They cultivate some com; but not ~o much in pi'Oportiou as the Saul).s and Heynards. Thei1· residence being- on the small streams in the rear of the Mississippi, out of the high road of commerce, rcuders them less civilized than those natiuns. The Sauks, Rcynards, and Iowas, (since the tJ·eaty of the two fom1er with the United States) claim the land from the entrance of the Jauflioni on the W. side of the Mississippi, up the Iutter I'iver to the Des Iowa, above the P1·ail'ie Des Chiens and westwal'(l to the Missou1·i; but the limits between themselves arc undefined. All the land for·merly claimed hy those nations E. of the Mi~:;<;i'isippi, i<; 8 |