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Show lO APPENDIX TO P.'\ltT ll. T~1cit chiefs arc he re ditary, in most instances, l>ut yet there are many men who have risen to more influence th an those of illustrious ancestry, by their activity and boldness in war. Althoug·h there is no regular code of la\\'s, yet there is a tacit acknowledgment of the rig ht, which some have to CO illtlland till certain occasions; whilst <Hhas at·e bouod to obey, and even to submit to corporeal punishment; as is in st:m cecl in the afl'ait• t·t:latcd in my diary of the 29th July; when lias-ha- 1-..c-da- tull~:lr (or the llig Soldier) whom 1 .. had made a partisan to regu late the mo\'cments of the Indians, flogged a young lndi.m with arms in hi::; hands . On the whole, their gorcrnment may be termed an olig·archi cal republic, where the chitl·s propose, and the people decide on <~ II public acts. The mannel's of the Osage at·c different from those of any n<.~tion lever saw (except tbo ~ c before mentioned of the same origin) havin g· their people di\ided into classes. All the bulk of the nation being warriors and hunters \. with them, the terms being nl· most synonimous ) the rcmaincl<.:r is divided into two classes, cooks and doctors, the latter of whom likewise exercise the functions of prie!>ts or magicians, ami h:wc g reat influence on the councils of the uation by their pretended divinations, int e rpretations of dreaJ.JS1 and thcit· mag ical performances; an illustration of vvhich WJII he better given by the folio\\ ing anecdote, which took place during my ~ tay at the nation, in Aug·ust t80G, viz: Having- had all the doctors ot· mag icians assembled in the lodge of Ca-ha-ga-tonga, (alias Chcvcux lllancs) and about 500 !>pcctators. They had two rows or fires prL'pared, aruund which the sacred bam! was stationed. They comnH:nccd the tragic-comedy, by putting a larg-e butcher knife dowu thcit· throats; the blood appearing to rcn during the operation very naturally; the scene was continued, by puttin g sticks through the nose, swallowing bones and taking them out of the nostrils, &c. At l<:ngth one fellow demanded of me what I would gi\'C if he would run a s lick through his tongue, and let another person cut ofl' the piect.:. I rc plicd, " a shirt." lie then ::~ pparcn tly performed his proruisc, \\ith g t·eat pain, forcin g· a t5tick through his ton g ue, and then ~;iring a knil"c to a bye-stande r, who uppearcd to cut o fT the piece, which he held to the lig·ht, for the sati ~faction of the aucticnce: unci tlH'n joined it to his tongue ; and by a magical clh\1'11\ healed Lite wound immcdi.ttely. On demanding of lllC what I thought of the pcrfot·mut.cc : I replied I would ~ire him 20 shirts, APPI:.NDIX T'O PART II. 1 1 if he would let me cut off the piece from his tongue ; this disconcerted him a great dcul, and I was son·y [ made the observation. The cooks arc either fot· the general u<>c, o1· >\ttnched particuhlrly to the family of some g reat man, and what is the more si ng u lar, that rrequcntly men who have been gn·at wa l'l'iors, and b t~,l\ e men havin~ lost all th eir families by di sease, in the wat·, and them selves becoming old and infirrn, they frequently take up the profes sion of cook, in which they do not carry arms, and arc supported by the public, or th<'i r pat' I icular patron. They likewise cxcrci!ie the fun ctions of town crie rs, calling the chiefs to council and to fcasts ; or if any p.~ni ru l ar person is wanted, you ctnploy a cricr, who goes thro11 ,;h tLc 'illagc c r yi ng his name, and inf"tmning him he is w.u1tcd at ~uc h a lodge. 'VItcn rcceired into the Osage villag-e, you imlll ·di.ttely present yourself at the lodge or the chicf, who receives you as hi!:l !; IIC~t, where you generally cat fir st artcr the old patriarchal s tyle. You arc tll cn invited to a fcast lly all the g reat men of the villa~c ; and it would be a great in sult if you tlid not comply, at lca~t, as bt· as to taste or their vi ctual s. In one instance, I was oblig·ed to taste of fiftec·n dir. fcrcnt entertainments, the same arternoon. 'Vhen you will hear the cooks cryi11{;1 "come and cat," such an one g·ivcs a fcnc;t, "come and cat of his bounty." Their dishes were generally boiled sweet corn in bum.do g rease; ot· boiled m eat and pulllpkins; b11t Sau Oriel (alias T c tobusi) treated me with a dish of tea in a wootkn dish, new hol'n spoons, boiled n1eat and c rnllcrs: he had been ia the United States. Their towns hold more people in the san1e space of ground, th an any places I ever saw. Thr&ir lod ~es hcill).). posted with scal'cc ly any re g-ularity; each one building in the tnannet ·, directions, and dimensions which suits !tim bc'>t, by which. means they frequen tly lea,·c only room for a sin~lc man to sque zc between thcrn; added to this, they have pcns for their hot·sec;, nil within the "illa!-;c, into which they always drive th<:1n at ni g ht, in -case, they think, there is any reason to belic\C tiH.:rc is an c11c111y lurking in the viri11ity. Thc Osage loclg·cs arc generally constructed with upright posts, put firmly in the gro und, of about 20 feet in Ill ig- ltt, \\ i1 h a c rutch at thc top; they arc gcu<.: rally about 12 feet di ~tuttl from carh other; in the crotch of those posts, arc put the ridge poles, m cr wl11ch arc 1><. Ih :;m ~\ 11 poles, the end of which arc bt ou~;ht down and r.~~tcned to ,t row of stak 's of about 5 feet in hei g ht; thc'lc st,\kcs arc fa:;tcnecl together with three horizontal bars, and f1 0111 the ll.111k walls of the loc!gc . The gable c nd'i a1·e generally broad 5} ,\ll~ and rounded ofl |