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Show APPENDIX TO PART J. now ceded to the United States ; but they reserved to themselves the pl'ivilege of hunting and residing on it as usual. lly killing the celebrated Sauk chief Pontiac, the Illinois, Ca.~ hokias, Kaskaskias and Piorias, kindled a war with the allied nations of Sauks and Hcynards, which has been the cause of the almost entire destrH ction of the former nations. The '\tVinebagos, ot· Puants, at'o a nation who reside on the t'ivers Ouiscousing, De Roche, Fox and Green llay, in seven villages, which arc situated as follows viz: J s~. At the entrance of Green Bay. ~d. End of do. 3d. Wuckan,on the Fox river. 4th. At Lake Puckway. 5th. Portage of the Ouiscousmg. 6th and 7th. Both on Ro· chc river. Those villa~es arc so situated, that the Winebagos can embo· tly the whole force of their nation. at any one point of their tcn·itory in four days. They bunt on the Ouiscousing, Rock river, and E. side of the Mississippi; from the Rock river to the Prnit·ie Des Chiens ; on Lake :\tJichigan, Black river, and the country between Lakrs Michigan, Huron, and Superior. From the tradition amongst thl'm, nnd their speaking the same language of the Otos, of the Riviere Platte, I am confident in asserting that they are a nation who have emigrated from Mexico, to avoid the oppression of the Spaniards; and the time may be fixed at abo\lt one and a half cen· turics past, when they were taken uncler the protectiotl of the Sioux, to whom they still profess to owe faith, and at lNu;t brot!m·ly attention. They have fot•merly been at war with the nations west of the Mississippi, but appear recently to have lnid down the hatchet. They at·e reputed brave, but frorn evrry circmnstance their n ei gh~ bors distinguish their bt·a,·ery as the ferocity of a tiger, rather than the deliberate resolution of a man. And recently, their conduct has been such ~\s to authorise the remark made by a chief of a neigh· boring nation, " That a white man never should Jay clown to sleep, withont pt·cca11tion in thcit· villages." . The :'1en.omrnc Ol' Fols Avoins (as tet·rncd by the French) nauon, rcstde m seven villages, situated as follows, viz. I st. At the river Menomcnc, 15 leagues from G reon flay, north sicle of the lake. 2<.1. At Green Bay. 3d. At Little Kttkalin. 4th. Portage of Kakalin. 5th. Stinking Lttke. 6th. Ent1·ancc of a small lake on Fox river; and 7th. Behind the llank of the Dead. Their hunt· • APPENDIX TO PART I. 5!.> ing grouu<ls arc similar to the \Vincbagos ; only, that owing to the very high estimation in which they are held, both by Sioux and Chipeways, they arc frequently permitted to hunt ncar the Ra en river on the Mississippi ; which may be termed the battle jjround between those two great natiuns. The langua~c which they speak is singular; for no white man has ever yet been known to acquire it, but this may prouably be attributed to theit· all understanding the Algonquin, in which they and the \Vinebagos transact all confcw renccs with the whites Ol' other nations; and tl'e facility with which that lan ~;uagc is acquired, is n fut·thcr reason for its prevalence. The Fols Avoins although a small nation, are t'espcctcd by all their neighbors for their bravery, and independent spirit, and esteemed by the whites as their friends and protectors. V\'hcn in the country, I have heard their chirf assert in council with the Sioux. and Chipeways, " That although they were reduced to few in num" ber, yet they could say, we never were !:>laves." As they had always preferred, " that the it' women and children should die lJy their "own hands, to theit· beinp; led into slavery by their enemies." The boundary of their territory is uncertain. The Saul<s, Hcynnrds, Puants, and Menomenes, all reside (when not at thcit· Yillagcs) in Joclges in the form of an ellipsis, and some arc from 30 to 40 feet in length, lJy 14· or 15 wide, which at·c sullicicntly lal'l.~e to shelter 60 people from the storm, or for 20 to rcsitle in. Their covering at•e rmhes plaited into me~ts, and carefully tied to the poles. lu the centre arc tile fires, immediately over which is a small vacancy in the lodge, which, in f:~ir weather, is suflicicnt to give vent to the smoke ; hut in bud weather you must lay down ou the ground to prevent hein~· c.;on <,iderably iucommocled by it. \V e next COtliC to I hat powerful n.ltlon the Sioux:, the dread or whom i!:> cxtemled OI'Cr :dl the savage nations, fm1ll the confluence of the Missi.,!:>ippi and 1\Iissouri, to the R aven ri ver ou the former, and to the Snake Im\i,llls on the latter ; lmt in those li n1its arc m.tny nations whom they consider as al iics; on similar footing- wi th the allies of ancier1t Roinc, i. c. humble dependants. llut the Chipcw. ty natit>n is an exception who have maintaiued a Jon~ contest with them, owing to their country being intersected by munerous snudl lakes, water courses, inq>tnctrablc morasst>s, aud swamps ; and have hitherto bicl defiance to all the attacks of their n e i~hbon;. I t i!:> ne· ccssary to divide the Sioux nation into the t~ifl'ercnt band s, as distinguished amongst thcmsclv s, in order to have a correct idea or them. Agreeably to this plan, I shall begin with the Jl!ino'lua Kantong, (or nens De Lac) who extend from the Pl'airie Des C biens, to La |