Political text-book for 1860 : comprising a brief view of presidential nominations and elections, including all the national platforms ever yet adopted ... with the most notable speeches and letters of Messrs. Lincoln, Douglas, Bell, Cass, Seward, Everett, Breckinridge, H.V. Johnson, etc., etc., touching the questions of the day : and returns of all presidential elections since 1836

Page 77

) ·42 A rOLITICAL 'rEXT-DOOK FOR 1850. ~:wr ry or the holding or persons as p roperty wl:hlu said To.r·l Which wae rcjectcd- Yoos, 23; NnyR, 83. llot·y." I Aflcr various other .amendmcn~ hatl l.>ccn otforetl and Upon these amcndmenta-the one aOlrt;n!r.g ~he Pro-/ voted upo_n-all r clatmg to the power of the 'l'enllorlal 3la very, and the other the Anti-Sia very posttlou, tn oppo- 1 J,egl:ilat~t e over Sin very-M r. Douglas moved to strike out cltion to the right of the people of the Territories to tic- I all r elat111g to African Slavery, so that the 'l't' tTit~rla l L~"­clde the Slavery question for themsclvcs-Mr. l>o uglas said: glslature should have the same powet· over that question "The position that I hn.ve c,·er tak1•n has l>ren, tlll\lthill, us over ull other rightful suhj ects of legi!,latiou consistent an.l all othl'r questions r t> latlng to the donwstk atralrs nnu with the C?lll:!~ltution-:which amcu!hucut was rcjel!tcd. UOlllt·stk p11liey of the 'ft•rrlwl"lcs, tHtghtto tw h·ft 10 lht· dt•ti - After tho r~'J •ctton of ~Ius amendment, the discuMsion was s:on of thl' IH·ople thcm!ldl·cs; and thtlt we onr:ln to l>c ron- ren ewed wtth great autllty und depth of fcelin~; in respect tum with wh:l.tl'l"t'f wny they may dt>ddc th1.1 'tfH•MllOn, IH•caust• to the powers which the 'J\~rritorial L •gblutut·e should cx- 'tht·y h~tve ll much dC('jh'r lnwn•st In thCSt' ll\llll('rS UH\11 ll' l~ i tl I . f Sl h.Lvo, and kuow mueh uett<'r what ln!ltilutlons suit th•·m than ere 110 upon 10 su lJCct 0 a. very. Yadon~ proposition~ w.:, who lmrc never hCl'll tlwr •, can clt>f"lde fot·tlwm. J would were madc, and :uncudmcnts oa·erctl und rl'jccted-ull rc­lho: t·t'fon: lul\•t> UlllCh pn•ft•t-reli llmt thttt portion of the bill luting to thil; ouc contrO\'Crlcd point-whrn Mr. Norris, or should httvc n• mailll~d us it Wall n.:pnrted frout tho Commlttt•u New-Hampshire, r enewetl the motion of Mr. Douglas to ou 'l'crritorlt·l!, wuh no tH·odslun Oll the subjrt:t of 1:-ilal·t•ry, strike out the r estriction 011 the 'J'erritol'ial Legi~laturc' in th e one way or tl11• othrr. And 1 do holw yut thlltthat datt!i<' r Sl) •ct to .A f 1 '-ll 0 tl ,,I · will bu strick•·u ont. lnm R!\tisll t•d, l!lr, t tatll gl VPS no !:ltrcngth e e t· l!:Lll " avery. 11 lU '' Ht ol July thL! to th tl l>ill. 1 au1 st~tbtl t·tl, 1' \'cll If It diu glvu strength to 11, UT~lentlu~ent was ad~ptcll by a vot_c of :~2 to 10- rcstoring that IL on~:;h t not to bt• tht•rc, IH•r,,t,ve it i11 It •·iolation ofprillri- tlH!:I sectiOn of the 11111 to the form 111 wlltch it wus reported 111~-a. violation of that prllwlplt• upon which wo have nil from the Committee on 'l'e rritorics on t11c i!i/th of Murch rested o ~ r dt·fcn!;e of tht: 1·onrs•· we luwr t.nkcn on tlol~ CJUt'S· and confe rring on the Territorial Le~;i>~lalure power ovc; lion. I do not sec how tho~t· of u~ who hnre taken tho posl· "all riglllful subjects of legislation cuu~bte ut. with the tiou we brwe lakt·n-that uf IWII-'illltrwrnti•IIL-1\lld 111\VO arguctl c rt t• f tl u . II . " . ln f:t vot· of thl! right or tht• pt•opl<' to lt•g lsl;ttc for themsl'l1·es OilS ·' u 1011 0 le mte :States, ~utlwut ervcepting on I his qu.~s.ion, can support !Inch a prodslon without auan- Afrio•an 't•II!OI'Y· donmg all tht: uq;umt•tHS which we u~t:d in the l'rcsld 'lllial 'J'huH terminated this great struggle in the aflirmance of catnpalgn i11 the Yt'ttr 1 ~ 11:!, Hlltl tht• princlpks set fo1·1h hy thu the principle, as the hasis of the Uomprollli'iC ,,leasures of hOIIOr!\hll! ~l!ll lllt)r from M khl~an Plr. (;tt.~s) In that letwr 1 ool so far as they related to the organization of the 'l'er­whkh Is ltnown as thl' 'N lt:hol~on I.Ntt·r .' W u arc rcq nin'u ritonc::~, thu t the people of the 'Ji•rri tvri eH Nltould decir.i() to aba11tlou that pla lfor!ll; W<' llrt' n·qnit·ed to nlll\ndon tho~ • u Sl t · t 1 prtnt:lpks, a.nd to stultify on•·",,h-,·~~. aud to atlopt tlw opposhe 18 avery queiJ IOn or t tem. ·e!veli throuvh tlte actio1• doctrintl-IWI for wh!\lr 111 onit'r t<1 s,ty that thr 21,·uplt· of the of their Territorial .egi.•lat11re. 7"r'rritori<.~ slt,tfluot h•trr such i•1xlitutio1111 l<.v tltt·y ~hall deem This controverted quet~tion lmving IH•t•n ddlnltcly sof,. u,lople!l to tlttir co1Hlitio11 u111l tl•~ir '""'t.~. l do notscr, :;ir, tied, the e nllte proceeded on the sa111e da,y to consider the bow su1·h a prodsion ctlll llt; ucco•p w.hle either tu th · p~ople other JlOrtions of the bil l, and after st.rildug out ~II except of tho N(mh or the :-iouLh." thoHe proviMions which provided for the organization of the l:pon the question of how m;Uty inhabitant.~ a 'J'crritory Territory of Utah, ordered the hill to he engro sed for a should contaiu ln•fMe it ~ho uld bv form pd Into n p ol II ical third reading, and on the n l!xt day- Augw,t 1 1 50-tbc t;ommunity with the right:; of sclf-guv..:rllmeut, Mr. Doug- uill was read ;t third time, and pa~sed. ' Ius said : On t.be 14th o r .Augu11t the bill for the organization of the "Tlw l:-iC"uator from :'lli~~>i:;slppl puts tht• qu:·stion to mr ns to Territory of New-Mexico was taken up, anti amended t>O what numllct· of pPople thct·c must hu 111 1:t. 'l't·rdtory bcfort' as to conform fully to the prO\"isions of the Utah Act In rc· this rlghL tn go1· •rn tht:m~t:il•cH owcrtll'li. \\'ithont t.lt•lt·rmtulul-( spcct to the power of the Territorial J.cgh;latme over 11 ali tltc pn·d!P lltllltber, 1 will o:t.ssume thM tht· rlJ;h•. ought t<J n~-tlotful subj ects of legis lation con:-~istcnt with the Consti­a ct:ru·to th•' people at th<' momo·u t t!H·y h:~1·u t•uou.£h to cou- tution," without except ing .African f'ilwery, and was or· lltltlllt' a gOI'!'rnmem: 1\lld, sir, Lill' billot~:IUIII I'I! that thl'r tl aro· 1 1 b people euough therl! w ,.,.11111n• a go1·,·r;tlu.:Ht, auJ CllOugh 10 1 .net to c engrossed for a third reading 11 ithout a divi-a mhorlzc th1· iH'Oplc to J.:<lVt·rn tht·uHwil·t·M. . . . . . Your ·tuu; and on Ute next dny the bill wus }JilSSl!d-Yens, 27; blll concrd1•s thru a r•·i>rt·scnto~t il• l" gtl l"t'l" lllliCnt 1J> np1·t'ss:u·y- Nays, 10. a governm<·nt founded upon tho· p rlta·l ,llo•fl of popular sov1·- 'l' h e::~e two hills were sent to the House of Rcprcseut,l­r Plguty and the right of a JH'Oplr to t'tto.et 1hrlr ow11laws; and lives, and passed th,tt hotly 11i tl1out. auy nltnatiou in re­ru thi& reaHtlll you gil·t: th.-111 •t L!•glslnture rompost·tl of two tipect to the power of the '1\:r ritorial Lf'••l::latun·:l over the ~ranchr~, llltu Lhc L ~>llishllnro•s of tht• dilrt•rent St~\l!'s anti 1 · f '-l ,.. 1 c •·rltortcs of lhn Union. r on conft•r upon UH'm th l' l"i" ht to l:iU •Ject o '-' la l'ery, and w.::re <~PJ!t"OI," ' '.) i'rc~id cn t !<'ill· legl!ltato on ' all riglnful Huhj<' ~:ls nf lq;lslation' ,,;et·pL more, Septe111her 9, l flO. negroes. Wh;- t·xc.<•pt n ·t:r<H'-; 1 Why t'Xt:•'PL Afric-an l::il.t· ln 18->:t, when the two g reat politi cal parties-Whig and V<·ry 1 If thr llthotutt.an!.~ 1ue com1'ctentto govo•rn thtJill.il'h·es Dentocratic - iuto which tlte country was then divided ns· upon all other suhJtlcts, !l.ttd In n~f,•r,·nc • to all other dt•sc t·lp- seuthlcd In National Con vention at llaltimorc for the pur- ~~~~~~?t~n~r7ggr1:~·i;/1~,\1~~'r: .. :~~~~~~;~'l:~:~i1';::~~/~n'~~~~fel;~~~-,~l ~;~~~ JIO!;t:: of nominal in!£ cantlictat1•s for U1e Presidency and r o•nt nnd child, and munlclp.tl laws uJr,•cthtl( thu rt'ghts and rlce- l'rtsitlcnr.r, each Convention a.tlopted aud anirmed property of tltiZl'ns gt'll ·rally, they un• c·ompctl'nt lllso 10 the priucipll·s emhotlicrl In the Compromise Measures of make l:•1vs to govern thems.·li'•·R in rl'lu.tion 10 ::ilave1·y and 1~'' liS rul.::s of 1tcllon hy which they would he governed In Ul'li"I"Ocs." all future cases In tlte organization of 'l'crritorial govern· With reference to the protection of property in slaves lllcnts and the Jtclmis. lou of n ew :tales. Mr. Dougla.ssa.ld: ' . On the 4th of January, 1:-5-t, the Committee on 'l'errlto- " r have 1t word to srtv to thP. honorable Senator from Mis- rtcs, of th ' St•natc, to which had been referred a bill for sls~lppl t)1t·. 11.1._1'1~;). Jl t:l ••s!sts that lam n~tln fa1·or 11r pro· the organization of the 'l'c:rdtory of Nehraska reported lllcl l!IK prop t~rt) I u.nd lh>lt 1111! ll.llH-Udln t•nt IS oll"ured for thtl the uiil lmck, with llll umenrlment, in the form or a substi­purpO>! I) of prott>ctlnl! propt~rly undrr thll Uo n~<til ut lon . Now tute for the eo tire bill, which, with so111e modifications, Is slr, I ask you whlll authnrl!y hl' hns fo t· asHumlng that? l>o i now known on the sL1ttute book as the "Knnsas-Nebrnska not dl'slre lO protect (Jr<I[H:rty bccunNo I wl!;h to allow tht' \ t " people to pa~s such l:tws as they deem propolr rP>~pt•cfillg 1 c, ac~ompan ic d hy a Heport explaininJ.; the principles thl'u· rlgh11:1 to protll'rty wllhout any ex<wptlon 1 li t! mHtL upon winch It was proposed to organize those 'l'errltorlea, justllH Wl:ll suy th~tl I tun o/J posrtl to prol<•r:tlng rrnp.•rtyoln as follows: nH•rchandtsc, in Rtt't\mho:~l!l, 11 Cllltlu, l11 rrlll CSIMI', as 10 ... ay "Thr pl"lnclpnl nmendmcuiR whlch your Committee deem II I hat I am O~lpOsed ~o proll'cting property of nny OLhtlr their d uty to <·om •n•·ntl 10 tht: f:wnmhlt· nr~tlon of the Senate, In d l'sc rl(> tion; 01. I dcstrc 10 put lht:m all on an equality a 11d a Hpeclal n•porl, aru thosll in which tho pdiH'il .. lit·s cstabllsiwJ ~}~~~~ t~ft! J:~~!:: to make tht.:lr own laws In riJijpect to the hy lit~• t:ompt·oml>~t: Mt:ll~ur(•s of IW, so t.1r as they are uppll· eabhl lo I •t·rltorlal o r,t; all iz~ttloufl, arP propost"l 10 b!! affirmed Mr. Cass snld (referring to the nmendmcota offered by and earricd Into j>rat:tkal opPnlllon within the limits of tho: llr. Da.vis a.nd 1\lr. Chase): new 1'e.-rltory. 1' 11: wl~liOIIl or thn~e lllt':t'ltlrt'!l Jq attr·sted, .. N noL li'!lli hy ll~o:lt· salutary tUtd IJt·ueikh~l t'llt-<:!::1 in alltlylng sec· ' ow, with re.qprct to the amcndmenl.fl. I shall vote tiona.! agiUt.tton antl rt•storlng peaco and hn.nnnny to an h·rl· agnln~t them both i and lh 1·n I shall vote lu favor of striking !Ated and dlijtra.ctcd prol1le than by the cOJ"dittl and ahno~l ()Utthe rrstrictlon in the bill upOil the power of tl1e Territorial unlver!lal approbation wlL1 ~hlch thuy have ueeu received nod governments. [ s~1alll1o llO upo11 tbls g rotmd. I was opposed saHclloned by the whole country • .as the honorable Senator from Kentucky ha.s declared he was' In the judgment or your Committee tbnse mca11nrcs were to the in!l('rtion or t.ills p rohlblllon by the Committee. I con~ intended to have n fnr more comprehenslv•· a nrt enduring :~lflcr ll lnrxpcdtr ut ann unconstllullonal. I have already etrect than the mere a.djustm1mt of the diJficultlt•!! nrlsing out ~taletl rny I)('Ji,·f that thH riglllful power or lntcrnallcglala.tlon of the recent a cqulsltlon or Mo:rlc1~n terrilory. They were de· lu tho Territories bdongs 10 tho poople." signed to esta.bllsh certa.ln gt·eat prlucipleR, whi<'h would not Aner further discusllion the vote WI\S ts.ken by yeas and only furnish adequate remedies fot· existing ovllH, but, lo aU nays on the amendment of Mr. Chase, and decided in the limo to come, nvold the perils of a similar agitation, by with· n egative· y 2r; N 80 Th i drawlug the queKtlon o( l:llnvery from the ll t~lls of Congrlllll · ea.s, o; ays, · e quest ou recurring on nnd Ute p olltiel\larena, antl commllllng It tr1 the n rbltr~t.ment of the amendment or l\lr. DavlR, of Missls::!ippi It was also those who were lmmQdlately Interestt-rlln nnd 1\lnno rcKponsl· rejected : Yeas, 25; Na.ys, 80. Wher eupon 1 1\lr Sewarli ble for Its consequences. With a view of conforming t.OOir oiferod the following amendment: ' action to the s ettled policy or the Government, ~anctloned by •• NE' lther ~lavery nor involuntAry Mrvltude, otherwise lhe approving voice of the Amt!rlca.u peopln, your Committee ~an hy conv1ct~on for crlme, shall OVI'r Le allowed In either have doemod H their duty to lncorporaln a11tl p11rpetunt.e, lo ol aa.ld Terdwr~ea oC Uta.h aud New Mc.r.lco.· tbelr territorial ulll, the principles auli spirit oC thoae measure~:~." MR. DOUGLAS ON POPULAR SOVEREIG~TY. 143 Arter prce<>nting and r evlewlnf? certain provisions of the I of CongresR, and hecame the l:lw of the land by the ap-bUl, tbc Committee conclude as t ollowP: proval of the l'rcsldcnt, May 311, 1854. "From thl'se proviHions Ills apparent that the Compromise I In 18{)6, *he Dcmocmtlc party, assembled in National ~!easurcs or JWO u.ffirm and r est upon tho followl11g pt·OJ>O· Convention at Cincinnati, d cclured l.>y a unanimous vot.e eltlous: of the delegates from every Stute in tho Union that- "• J'irst.-'l'hnt all qut'Rllons pertaining to Rlavrry In tho ' Territories, ll.Htllu the new St1~tcs to be fornl('cl therefrom, nro "The Amerlran Drmocrncy r rcognlzo n1HI n1lopl thr prln-to be il'fL to tbc decision of tho people n•sldlng therein, by clples coutaln •u In tho organic ltLws eslaull:;hing tho Tt>rrl their npproprlu.tc representatives to be choscu l.ly them for wries of Kau~:~ns and NC"l.lraska ns eml>odylug tht: ouly Round tbaL purpose. and safe solution of 1l1o '::-laV<'ry question,' upon'' hlch the "• Scrond.-Tha.t nil CM<'s lnvolvlng tltlo to Rltwes n.nd quoR- grcnt natlonnl ldrn of tho peoplo of thiR whole counh·y cnu tlons of personal fn~Pdom, nn• n'fPrn' cl to tho adjndkntloo of t·cpoRe In lts dt'ttmnhwcl eonRt·rvn.tJsm of tb · Uulon-non­tho: local trll.lunnl~, ~ilh the right of appcul to the Supreme lntt•rfercncc by Congn•t>!:l with Slavery In Stale tuld Territory, (Jourt of tho U nilt·li StatP!l. or In the mstrlct of Columula. ; '' • Tlii,·d.-'rhnt tho provlf;lon of the CouRtltullon or thr "ThilL thiH was tho ba.sis of the Compromlsrs of J8.'i0 con- Uollrd StMrR In r<'HJH•ct to fu gltln·R from l!l'rvlce, Is to be cnr· firmed by both the J> crno(·rallc und Whig partlt>!! In Nalioual ried Into fulthrul I'Xec ut!on l11 all Ute organizud Territories, tho !Jonvenllolls-r atltlcd by tho pcopltl lu thu election of 1&>2- same as In thu 8tntl'!:l. The substitute fllr the l>lll which your and rig lilly applied to the organization of th!• 'l'crrllori<·s In Committee hn I'll prPpnrrd, unu whlt-h Is eommcndt•d to the I iSM ; 'J'lmt by tho uniform tLppllcnllon of tills l>•·mocratlc ft1voro.ulc action of thll Ht•n:tte, propo~es to cany th •so pro- principle to lhe organization of 'I crrltor!es anr! to the adnlls· positions nncl prlnt"ipll'R Into prll.!:tlcnl oporallon , ln U1e precise t!IOII of n ow StatPs, with or without dom('stlc ~ila,·rry as tht•y !dugungo of the <.;omprumlso Mcu.sureK of lbOO.' 11 111ay elect, the equu.l rights of nil wtll uo pref!t~rHd ln taet-the orlglual corn (>acts of the UonRtilutlon malntlllrH'd invlolalt.'- By reference to that section o r the " Kansas-Nebraska -and the per(Jctulty and rxpansiou of this Union lusurrd to Act" as it now stands on tho statute book, which pre- Its utmost capacity of cm!Jraclng In pracc nne! harmony any scriued nnd defined the power of the Territorial L cglsla- future A merirnn Rtato U1nt may be constituted or aune:r:cd ture, it will be seen that. it is, "in the precise language or with a Ucpublican form of govt~rnmcul." the Compromise .lllcasurcs of 1 t-50." extending the legis- In accepting the nomination of this Convention, Mr. !alive power of the Territory" to nil rightful subjecta of nuchanan, in a letter dated June 16, 1856, said: legislation consistent with the Constitution," wltl.Jout ex- "Tho agltntlon on the question of domestic Shl\·rry has too ccpting African Havery. long dl!!trnct.cd an1l dl\'ld 'd U1o people of thi:; Union, and It having been suggested, \vlth some plauslhlllty, during allcnnted their llll"cctlons from each otht•r. 'I'hl11 nglta.tlon hns the discussion of the bill, th11t the act of Congress or assumed many forms since Its commrncem(•nl, but lt now 1\larch G, 1 20, 11rohi1Jitin.,. Slavery north of the parallel aeemR to be di rectl1d chli'!iy to tho Territories: and judging o from its presrnt charnct<•r, 1 U1lnk we may snfcly autldpato of SG• 30' would deprive the people of the 'l'erritot·y of the thnt it Is rllpldly appt·onchlng a 'tlnnllty.' Tbc re1:ent l egis­power of reguhtting the Slavery qucsti.on to suit themselves latlon of CongrcHs r rspcctlng domCiltJc Hlavcrr, li<'rlvcd, ns lt whUe they should remain in a 'l'errltorlal condition, and be- hns bern, frorn the orlglna.lllnd pm·o foun taut of l eglll~a te fore they shoul1l hwc the renulslte pO[)ulutlon t c tit! polltlcnl power, the will or tbe majority, promises t:rc long ' ., 0 n e to lllla.y the dangrrou!'l I'Xcltemenl. 1'h!s lrglslaUon ls foun r!Pd them to ndmls~lon into the Union as a State, n.n amend- uponJJrlnclplcs as andrnt. as fr('o govermnent lts<·lf, ttnd In mcnt was prcpar ·<1 by the Chairman or the Committee, nccor n.ncc with them hns simply dethtred Utat Ute people of a and lncorpomted into the bill to remove this obstacle to the Territory, liko those of a 'tate, slu.r.ll <kride for tllent~~~ u Cree exercise of the principle of popular sovereignty in the tcltetlter Slavery shall or shall flot cxiet trithin tlltir limil8." Territory, wbilc it remained in a Territorial condition, by Thl.s exposition of the hi.story or these measures shows repealing the said act or Congress, and <leclarin!)' the conclusively that the authors of the Compromise l\Ieasurcs truo intent and meaning o! aU the frieuds of the bill In of 1850, and of the l(ansas-Nebrnska Act of ISM, as ?•ell these w.Jrds: as the members of the Continental Congress of 1774, and "That the Con~·it utlon nnd all laws of LhG Unltr(l States the founders of our system of goverorncut subsequent to which n.re not l(Jc·nlly innppllcnl>le, shall havo the snmr force the Revolutiou1 regarded the people or the 'l'crritorles and anll ctrcot within tlw Territory as t.>lsewhero within the United Colonies ns political comrnunitie11 which were entitled to "' Stales, except thr (•lghth St'etiou of tho act pri•JHt.ratory to tho free and exclusive power of legislation In their l'rovincla.l admission of Mls!IOurliuto the Union, approved March 6, 1820, whlclt being Inconsistent with the prlndple or non-lntrrvon- Legislatures, where their r epresentation could alone be tlon by CongreRs with Slavery In the , 'tateR and 1' rrltorlcs, ns preserved, In all cases of tnxat.ion and internal polity. recognized by the lcgisla.llou of lSllO, commonly called the 'l'his right pertains to the people collectively as a. lu\V· ' Oompromtse Measures,' Is hereby declare•l looporatlve nnd abiding and peaceful commu nity, and not to the isolated void-it bti11g the true intrnt ancl rnea~ting of thi11 act not to legis· lndl vlcluals who may wander upon the public domain In Ia~ Slavery into cwy Te1·ritor!l or State, 110r to excloule it tlu~re- violation of law. It can only be exercised where there are fr()m, but to le(lve /he fJI'O]Jle theTeOf1>~rjcctly free to form nnll r~ ui<Ue their tlmlt<'stic in~titutions irl tlunr ow11 I«J,y, ~ubject on.ly Inhabitants sufficient to constitute a government, and ca­lc tJ1e Con11titutio1~ of the United Stau8. paulc of performin~ Its various functions nod duties--a fact to ue as<!ertainecl and determined by Congress. T.o which was adtled, on motion o r Mr. Badger, the rol- Whether the number shall be fixed at ten, fifteen or lowmg: · 1 "Providecl, Th:tt nothing h erein contntned shttll bo con­strued to revive or put ln force nny law or regulation which may have existed prior tJ the act of tho sl.xth of Mat·eh, 1820, tilhcr protecting, Pstaullshillg, of a.l>ollshlng slavery. 11 In this rorm, and with this distinct u nderstanding or 11.8 "tlue inten1 and meaning," 'be blll paeced 1he two hou.c1 twenty thousandlnba.bitanta does not affect the prmc pie. Tho principle, under our political system, is that e'Vet·y dU!tinct poliiticat Com.mwtlfity, loyal to the O<YMtitutior~ Cl!1td the Unior1-, i8 entitled to all tha ri(! lliAl, privile(!es, Cl!1td invnvu.niUe~ of 8elf(/01J6rttm&nt ir~ re8pect to tJ~i.,. local concern8 and in ttwtwl polity, subject onl-y to (J~ (bMUtulion of the UnUed Statu.