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Show 188 A P OLIT. AL TEXT-DOdK JNJi! 18G) It Is from this :1 cl.ll!le of tile C11nst.itntior. ~lone that I Here we fin rl the o:·i~in:tl an.' I rou~h tlra fl of lht•se »eveCongress det ives the power to provitlo fo r : he survey~ r :' ' JH~I\'('rs as tl~~·y now e.x~!lt, 10 th~:1r r 'l'l~ed fonn, In the and sale of the public lands and a ll ot her I ropeny he· c~mstlt.ut lon. 1 he fll'OI' l:..;I(ln e•npownlng 'on~r··~s " 1~ longing to the United, rates, not ouly in the 'L\: r ritories, 1 dispose o.f t he Ullappropnat •d lands of thtJ United Stalt·~·· llut 1L1 o in the several St ;ttes of the Union. llut for thi,; wa:i modtfi ·d and enlar~-[t'd, so a:, to incltHie "other pro p rovision Cougt·ess would h:•ve no power to authorize the P •rty hclonj.(lng to t.he L1uikrl ::;tates," 11nd to lttllhori1.~ sa.le of the public lands, military siLcll, oltl ships, cnnnon, Congrrsl:l to ·• umke all nt•t•dful rule:~ and re~ul~ttiuns" r muskets, or other property, real 01· personal, wh ich be- t he preservntlon, nwu11gemcnt, ltnd sa le of the sam• 01 long to the United :::!tale:!, nnd arc no longer needed for The provh:tion ernpowl•ring Con~rre~!:! "to i n:-~litutc ·11. 111 . any public purpose. It refer!:! exclusively to property in porar.v governmcuts for the nt•w 'tal\-!! nrbing in the 110 • contrn(listinctioo to persons and communities. It con- appropriated larHis of th • Unit •<I l:'tak~ " tahn in confl! rs tho same power" to make ILII need ful ru les and ucction with the on • l.'tnpowcring Congr~t'/(S "to 1·xcrd~e reguln.tlons" in the States as in the 'l'crritorics,· nnd ex- exclusively Legisi:Lt.ivc au thority a t the i:H'al of the (l(.'nc t cncls wherever there may be any land or ot i:'':!r property ral Oovcrnmcut, and ovl' l' a dilltri ·t or <·ountr.r n.rou rul thc belonging to the United States to be regulated or <II~ posed same," clearly shows the dilrtr ·nee in the exknt 1uuJ na. or; but doe~ not authorize Congress to cont r·ol or inter - Lure of t he pow •rs lnkndl·d to he conf ·rrerl in thl' 111 . fcre with the domestic insti t utions ;wd internal polity of 'tates or 'I' ·rritorl e::~ on tho one ha:~d, nncl In thl' JH.~tric11t t he people (either in the States o1· the 'l'er ritorks) who of Columhln. on the other. In t.he one ca~" it was prn may rt:sltlc upon l1mds which tho Uultetl States once posed to a uthorize Congrcsl! "to institute te r11pnrarv ~ov. owne<l. Such n. powe1·, hn<l it been vr 'let! In Congress, crnments for the new :::lt:ttc~," or 'l'errltorie~ as th ;·v ar~ would annihilate the sove~eignty and frcctlom of tl_1e now ~ailed, j ust liS. our HcTolut ionary fath e l7:l rt·t·o~;lit.~d States n.s well as·the great pnnciplc or ~;elf-goverument Ill the right of the Bntlslt nown to lnst.itut• lol'al }(tll't:rn the 'l'er ritories, wherever the Un1tctl State!! happen to mentll for the Coloni(•R, hy !~suing ehnrtc•·s und.·1· whirh own a portion of the public l!tnd:~ within their rc~pectivc the people of t.ltc <Jolonics were "entitled (arcordin~ li1~1lts, ~s, _at prc~c?t, in the States of Alahu.m.a, Fl <~ rl<l.", the lllll of 1Ughl'l !~!opted by the ~ontinental Congn:~~) 10 lll 1s. l~stppr, Lout~tana, Arkans;\~, Ml~l'!oun, Ilhnot~, a free an<l exclusive power of l<>~:•sl :~tion In their severa10l I ndiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, 1\J innc~ota, l'rovlneial Lcgisl:~tures, where their right ~f repn·~1·ntation Cali fomia, nnrt Oregon, nnd in the Territo ries of Wa~h- can alone he prese1·ved, In a ll cast•s of tax1~tion arll!lntt-rlngton, Nebra!<kn., Kansa!', Utah, nrHI New-!lh·xico. 'l'h • nal polity;" whlll', in the other ca!le, it was prniHlS!'d to ldca Is rcpugna.nt to the plrit and genius of our complex authorize Congre:;s to exercise exduslvch· It-gi~llltlve sy:~tem of Government; l.lecn.u~e it e!f~ct.ually l.llots out authority over the municipal u:Hl internn1' 1~olit I' of tho the dividing line bet ween l<'e<leml llnd Local 11.111 hority people reKiding within the di:;trlct whicl1 should 11'c ccclt•tl which forms an essential lll~rrit:r for t he defl·uso of the for that pu rpo::>e as the scat of t.hc (;eu•ral (lon:rnm()nt. ludcpe rulencc of the trtt.e~ and the liber t ies of the people .J<;ach of these provisions was 1nodilicd nud pcrft•ct 1 : 1 J t.y 11.gain~t l<'cdcmllnva~ion. With ouc anomal ou~ t'XCep- the Co~mlttec of !>etuil and ltcvl:;ion, :ls will ap;H•ar hy t 10n, ali t he po,~e;s conferrc<l on Congr·c~s are Fede,·al, corn1mrtng thern wtth t he COITCSIHHHiing clau~ t'H a !iually and uot. ) f um'tctpal, in th eir charactt'r- a fl'ecting the incorporatccl into the Coustltution. 1'hc pro1·bion to g~neml \~clfure of th_c whole country without intcr fcr ing authorize {)ongress to in~tit.ute temporar.v J.!O I't·rnnwnt~ With the Internal polity of the people-and can l.lc carried for the new Htat.cs or 'l'erritorics, and to provldl.' for ~heir Into e ff~ct by law:1 which HJlply al1ke to States and Ter- admis ·ion into the l 'nion appears in th~: {)ondtitution irr r1toric~. The exception, berug in dcrogatiou of one of Uris form: ' t he furulamental princi ple~ of onr pnlit ierd system (IJ •· Nt•w States l 1 cuus!! it u utho rizcs the .l<'ederal Ouvcrnmcnt to control Unlou." mn.y 1e ac mitte<l by the CongrC'lll! Into thiH ) the municipal aff.Lirs and Int ernal polity of the people irr 'l'he power to n.<lrnit "new Stafl.'s " anrl "to make ail ~crtain l'pccified, limited localitie~), was not lt:ft to vague laws wl.lich shall lle necesl:la ry ll.IHI ~roper" lo that end, infen:nce or loose construction, nor cxpn.>sse<l in dubious may fairly he construed to include the rl••ht 10 in~titute or eq uivocal language; uut is fo unu plainly \Vl'i tten in t c ,., tlrat cction of the Cons titution which says : emporary gov 'nt111C'Il!H 01· such new Htate" or Te rritorit·~, "<Jon~rcss ~>hn.ll thr l:lllmc as Great Jlrituin could rightfully institut e ~!mil!Lr have power· to <'xr.rclse cxduP.Ivo leglsla- frOVe rnmcnts for the Colonies; but (•crtuin lv not to authorLion In a l ea~es whn.tsouvcr, ov<·r 1111eh di'ltrict (not f'XC~Jcding 1ze Contrrc~.·s to Jc11i~lat.c 111 rcsj)eet to 1 , 11 c 11 • 11111111 c 1111 .• t••n milt•!~ StjtlltrC) 1\s mn.y, l.ty cession of p•trtlculiu· ~t.al.t'll lUlU 0 o • Uu JtCC('pliulce of ()ougrc~w, hecomo tho s<•at of tho go~t·rn - affairs :wd tnternal con ce rn~ without violnlin" tl11tL greut mvut of Lh\l Unltl'd State>~, u.nd 10 ex1-rdso ll k:e a uthorlry ovet· fundamenta l principle In de fense of which tlr~ battle:! of aU pltt.cl'!l purclmsou by the consPnt of thtl L<'gL~IItture of the the ltcvoluliou wet·e fought.. l:-t:Lll' 111 which tho sum•· ~hall lw, for· 1 he er•·rtion of fort-. lf j udicia! a._uthorit.y wt•re deemed neccs~ary to gire uta.;azhH's, u1·scnals, <ltwk yards an<! oth •r nt•t·Liful buildings.'; force to prtnctples ~0 eminently j ust in tl•L•m:;eh•e:i, a 111 1 No sucil power" to t·xereise cxclltsivc legislation in all which for~ the bnsis of our entire p oHtical sy»lcm, ca ~e~ whatsoever,." n or indeed any legislation in any such authonty tnl\y be found in the opinion of the uprcme c:h~ wh:~tsoe\'er, 1~ conferrer! on Cungrcss in respect to Court of the t nited St atcs, iu the Drcd Scott case. ln t.hc munrc1pal alfarn< u::d lllt t'rual polity, either of the that case the Court say: ~1111 t:d. or .or the 'l'ern tor ie'. On the coutntry, after the "ThiH bl'lngH us to examine by what pro\'IRlon of the Con· Uvrhi1Ll1tlon h:trl IJccn finally ad optt•d, with its J<'ederal 11lltutlon llw JH'f'SI'nt F •den\! <:over11n 11 : 11t, u11dc1·1ts tlelt•gnt• d p••wers th:le.:ated, enum ~: rat ed, :LII<l d,·fincd jn order to anti rt'<;lri <'tt•d JlOII't~rH, 1!1 :tuthol'!zr·tl to n<·C]nin• tc•r-ri!on uut· gnartl in all futur ... time agaiu ' ;wy pn,;,;ihlc i 1 n frlnge111enL ~lue of the origlnall1mils of the u!tt•rl :-'tnt•·~. and wh;ll ~H;w.·r• 11f the reserved rights of tlt t: .-;late', or uf the people, an rt m:t~ <·x.:r·t;ls~1 thPr·t•ln Ol't'r Lhc p.:r"•m or prup•·l'ty or a dli· 11nreudr11cnt was iucorp•Jrated i111 ., the Cu11 :;titut1011 which 7.<111 ot the Unllt!d Htalt•s, wltil<: rt nunains" tt·n·ilor), uut.l uu· rn ark~. the dividing line l!e ~wee n Federal and Local 111,~t. sh:dl ~o a.dmltt<·d :IIi Ont· of LhtJ Htilt ·:-~of the U111on. ~• Ut I 1 I ' ' r.!Hlrc IS Cl:rtninly 110 powor glvPn by IIIIJ Constitution to '•nty l:iO < 1reclly !Ul<l irulcliiJiy tl1 ;~t r1o lap:1c of time Lhc 1 cdernl (.overnment to tlHtabll!lh or mnirwrl11 r·olonlt·A IIO P t.rtlsf.LII p~·t·~uclice, 110 scctiorwl :u:~randizcmtn t,u~ bo1·derlng 011 the Uuit<'<l Stntcs or a~ n dlshiiH'I', to i!t• r·ul••u1 frc11Z1 cd lllll!l Ltc r:;m cu.u efface i L. Tire a 1ueu<lrueu t i!! in n.n~ governed 11t lis own plr.luw re; uor to t·nhtrt:•: it~ tl'rrl· Ll1 c~e WtJI'U~: t!•rtal ll1nits in any way cxc 'lJL by tbo admlssinn of m·w , " '1':111 powrrs not dPiogn.lt'd to tho Unllcd StaleR hy the otales. . . . . COIIHill.ulltlll, nor !Jt·ouibll l'li I.Jy ll lO lhn Statt·s, aru rt:served tv rh.: Mall'S rcsp ccth·eJy, or to the people." This ~· iew o! the s~hjcct i~ confirmed, If indeed nny corrobo! ·at 1vc e vidence IS req utrerl, hy ref ·renee to t he p ro<: Ct:<hng:i ao1l <leba~es of the J<'ederal Convention, as rcpo~ lcd h.Y Mr. t\~adl.\ion. Ou t he 18th of August, after a ~>en es of rc~ol ut~on~ had hcen tL< loptctl 11s the ha1ds of the J•rop?se.l Cons ttl nt 1011 ancl _referr-ed to the Committee of Detnrl for the purpose of be111g p ut in proper fo rm tire re-cord say~: • " :>l r. )!sttiL~o·1 ~nhm_ltl<'rl, in order to he rPferred to thr. CommUt<• e uf tl,•t:tll, !h.- tolluwlng iJOW•· •·:-~, ILK prop1-r to IH: 1~tlded to ~~~)~i!tl of till' ~•'llt• r·al f.,.~iHlnturP (!Jongrt'llH) : 11 ,I,o drs1JOR!l of tlw unappropl'!.llcd lanuil of tho United. '!aloe. arisiIn og llhn~tl·rl.~•ninL.u tCiltJJOmry governments for ~he IH:w ::italcs ' ' To f •l4WLlC a.ll':\ir·~; Willi lite> fntll UIS llS W<•ll wil hin ~~~ wltho nt tlw limits of tlw Unltt•d SittleR ' · · ·• 'l'o exereilu~ exclusively !l•gi~latlvo. a uthor-ity at the scat of &!1e <rennr·11.1 Govt•rn ment, nnd ovt• t· a diKtrlct uround the Sl\me not exr•:edlo_g-!'lf!Uare miles, tho I'Ooscnt of the le~llllatlualroec odr ·t ..tc tate or SUJ.tes eoulpl'islo"" the s:une beiu.u. tlriit o'·- v "Tho power to expnn<l the territory of the United ::\llltl'lt by the admission of new 1-Hat••s Is phlnly givt'll; nnd In lh1· ton· Structlon Of thiR pOwt•r hy all the d!'partnwnls of til•' C lt)l't'l'll· llll'llt, i.t hsts l•l'CH h\'l tllo llllthol'izt• lhc llf'IJII i~ition of terrltOI'Y• !lOt fiL l••r udmlssl1111 ILl thP tlnw, but 10 be admittt·d "" ~11011 11S Its. popultttion tllld ~>lluation would <·ntitltl IL to admi~sion. lL IS I~C!lllil'<'d tO b!'eOIIl(ll\ 1-illlll• and not to he held 1\~ II I'Oiuuy ~~~d g11~erned by Congn·ss w!lh 1absolute nuthul'iry; 11111! l.h rhe pr oprlt 1y tJf :tel milling rt new Sta.te is commill<:d to lh" !-<Junll dlscr·mtnn of 'ongr'Pf\!1, tht• power to rtcquin· lt'ITitory fur Ibn I purpmw, to bo ht'id hy lh<\ IJnlt<'ll StatPs until II Is In:\ !~Uilllldl) c•>nditl?u to he<'O IIHl a Stl\ttl upon an Pq ual tii•JIIIII!' w11h 1hu olh•·r :::ii:Ltt~l!, lllUKL rcsl upon rhc ~ll.llle dis Tt:lion." Having. <letcr rnl necl the q ut•stion that the power to acqui! ·c te 1·nt~t·y for the purpo>~o of e nla l'glng- our krriLorlnl lu_mt.• a nd mcr ettHing tl1e munhcr of SLate~;, i::; included wttlnn t.lte power to admit 1\l' \f" State~ awl conferred t.y t he Ramo clause of !Itt· Con:stlt.ution the Court prlwt•ctl to tSay t lrat "t.hc powt·r t.o acquire nc<·~·!l~arlly carri t·ll with i~ the pow ·r to lll't'R ·r·n· ant! 11Jipl.v to till: llii~JIO~•·h fur whlr!t It was acquired." And agalu, rl'f"rrill ).{ to 1t fonn•·r d1·<.:t· sion o~ the same court in rc!lpe~;t. to the IHJII'l' l' of Cou){n·~~ to lnstltutc govermnents for the 'rl't·ritoric~, the Court ~uy: .. The I)OWt•r· staud~; !l:·:~y Oil lla· Ja\tcr al. .. rnuli\'1; put ur DOUG LAS 0~ POI'UL.\Il 80rEilF.IO ~T Y. 139 f 1 rioht footi ng' with d ' lZ1'118 of th" ~11\tPR. anrtn nnrtlll them as flrmly tlw ('ourt-thnt IR, nR the ' lncvil!~hlr eom;l"fllll' llr·<• 0 t "' '" lliHl plai 11 ty 11g :d mn 1t11y 1 11 road~ 'Yhir-h lhr Ucuer:tl t l ovt~rrunout til itCI)Il h'f' lt' ITIIOry.' 11 IIIIE!hl fl ltt•lllpl IIII th'!' l fll' plt•a Ol i 111ph.~1 01' ll.ll'lilt•nlal ptllv•'l'll. Tl . wcr to acquire tt•rritory, as well. ns the right, lu ,\nil 1r \'om:n ·,.,11 1 ,.,.Jt <' a1111ot du rhiH-If It Is h~·)llllll tlw lC po of J\lr Mudi~on "to lnH!ttutc temporarr puw1·r11 •·ont',·r-r•·d ou lit·· F.·dt·r.d (;CII' l'l'llllll·nr-11 '~ '." IJ,• n<l· the. htll~~~r~t~efor the ;lew Stl~lt•s 'n.ri~ing therein" \ <J I' 'l'err t· wltt•·cl, w.· p1·•·""'"''· !lull it ronld not tt<II IHII'i zt· n I t'ITilurlal J:O~crn~u<l"'r.nmcuts, aKlii C'.Y arc now. ·a.lied), l~nvrnK been ~m• TII Il\ 1'11 1 t'l <· x•·r<·l~ UH'm . It ('tJ tlid <·t•llf,·r· no po\l·,·r on to·d·n·llgto t'll,'tt Jlr·ovi~. IOII l>f the ConHlltulion wlllch proddts a ny lucul f.:OI'•·r n~ttt·nt. t·slalrli~ht·tl h) i:::. ou!lwrlt ) ' lll nuhtll! L 1 ct o til t· !11'11\' IH.ow. ofr h•· \ 'o111< ltlllllll." O r .r(tlle adlllli4~ion of " new Stntc~," till! Cour_L p r~cl'td .. to I I tl ttl C t r •lti"l' llle ll!'tllre Ullll t·x tcnt of the p ower of Congl t:Rl! Nothing can IH· llliJre c ·rtn ll llll.ll lfl lC ~Ill' wer.a con~ ' • 1 ,1• It i . here l'ptaking only of j(n·lddtlrn }JO'W<' I'II,, wltwh wen , on:r the p ·ople oft le err ores· <len ictl al ike to Congrts~, to the ~tate Ll'J.:t~latur~s -. t~nd 11 11 w•' mran lo RfLV on thl ~ point Is. that, nA th•·n• i~ l l~l •·X to the Territ orirtl Lel:(isl:ttu l c~, aud tl~a : the () I'O hlbi ~IO LI A . 'f! lhHion llltlit: Con~<tltulion rldinlul( tlw powt·r \\h i. h C:'Ctcnds "en•rywhen: wi thin th · dou1111 1011 of tl.'e l! nrtctl prt·~~ 11 1 1 ('OI't' l'lllllt' IIL may exl·r·d!lctJI't'r tlw \' ' ·r,ou or pro !-it.ate!l," applkahlc equally to :--t1~tes and Tcrr1t oncs, as tlh l r<lll[":\.u'it.Pnln n tl'rritory rhus :wqu in ·tl, til· ('ou l'l nlu'<l well :HI to the nitetl :'tate>~. . pllt.'.•rI·l,y.~ Sot U.i:rll) 'illo" o<kll ~tolr tilh"n'l/ o'rn<H o'ifJ~Hlo>nWs .'lIt'rSH,I opr rtihu"d prullt•r!·l so f1\rIlHwI (p 'ot'ululltt·il-- lf t ll.IR s-wec)lin."r l>ro hih ition- thlH ju~t hut lnex.·oruhle L I 1 tn1l •Jnt 'yr ww hI kh., ' •.. 1 restri ction upon t1 1c )lOWers of ti O\crnmen.t- r cc e rn, P :·.~/kin " Ih isI t~su ldic•l 't!ot~ i~onnitm!•u:s ntR ,h Iet mgOavyt bl tnl t stn ·f ..ty llR:ill~lwd t 11 nl ~tat e and 'J'erritor i;li !I 11 11 11 crer 11 e 1: e I<I t o 1 clu le tl e 11 • t 1 ·iti7.,.:~M ofttw' U11 lit•tl Rt:~t··s, who t'n.1il-(r·atl: to n t•·nrl_or;r 1 1 1JI'· Slave'ry que~! ion, thuH n egat iving the right of the pcoplo ·i wrhctwopl1•of the Uni!Pd Statr·s,<·ru1ntHiwr.lll't 1\R of the States anti 'J'erritorie~, as 11 ell ~" tile J•ed cral :~::~1•1 :~lonbt~. d<·tH•rtill•ntupon tlu· will !lftlll' Gt';':"~\1 ( . o;-~:·:~1 (lorernmcnt, to control it hy law (n r11l it ~nil he ohs::.n·e~l l Ito '·u rrovt•nu•tl bv •~ny Ia w:-~ tL may 1 11 flrtiJI 1 · • f tl c 10 1nwn • u r·t ·• t ht• cit t:r.cn:; of a 1 ern - 1, 11 " u " 'l'lw 'l'<• rr!t ory hl'ing a p:1rt of tht• Unill·d thut in t 1e o p:tuou o t · '-'1 • ~~"i"~st iJ ,; c:·o,~rr;mt•nt:tnrltlw dti7.t'll horh l'lltl'l' it IIIHlt-r tht· toq• so fa r liB these righ t ~ arc C<liH'el nt: tl, arc on tho Slit!<~ •• ~ 1r !Ill' ConlltiltHI•ln, with thl'ir n'MIII'etln· rlghlti tl•: su 1;,~ foo tin ~ \litlr the citizt~us ? f the ~tat~s.") then, fi11:.111°;t~:;\ :nn rkl'll our ; nml rhe l<'etlt•r·:ll (;rll'l'rnm<•nt.r-au <·x indee<l will th. dortrine bl'rorne ftnnly_estah!rHilcd tim' ,.:!.l~l'IIO powl·r <H'l'r hi~ Jl"r!llln or prop•·r· ty h<·~ou\lt"lhs~ttlmt the pri'nciplcs of law IIJljllicnhle io Afnc:rn ~l:t\'CI.'Y .ar~ 11,~·n1111,.111 nlllfi'I'H, nvr lawfully d~:ny uny right w 1 1 ' 1 1 uts ?tlli{ol'?n th rOit(tlwut the do111i11_io11 '!( tltl.' U11'tl!'({ rcst•rv<'<l." Stu'tt8 nn<l that there "i~ an 11 rcp re~SI~l!e conlltct l ll'IICC inasmu ch :rs the Constitution hns co~ferrrtl on h ctii'C~n opposin~ a nd enduring ft~ rc es, winch m ea n~ tl , ~'tdt•;al (lovemmcnt no ri~ht to Int e rfere with _the pro- that tile l ' ni ted :·H a tcH ntllst. ltnd will, so(•ner or t:rtcr, 1~~·ty, domestic r cllttlons, polic • r ·~ula~ion~, or 11~tcmal hc'cnmc eith er e nt irely a t~lavcholding n ation or entt. ely : 111iity of the Jl oplc of Lhc 'l'e rrlt orws, It· ne~·cH!'a.r.tly ~ol- a frt'l' la bor nation." . , . . .. lo w~ tuHier th • authority of the Court, th.tt Cong1 ei:IH Cltn 1'\ ol withst :r u d iu~ the disastrous couse()ucnccs " lt rt h r1 ,11t'ru liv exerdHc no su('h power over the JH'Op le of the would in evita b ly result. from tire a utlwrltuliv~· recogr •i' l'~rritorlt·~. l<'or Lhl~ reason alone, the ~upreme ~·nurt tion und practical OIH'ration of such a tl•~ctrme, there w ·rc ·wtJ1orizcd and compelled to pronounce the etg-ht h arc th ose 1\hO maintain t lmt the Court relc. red to !lr l<l sr~·tlo'u of the AcL approved Ma~ ch li, ~ ~~I) (c<H~<Illt?11l.Y inclncled the l:ilav cry qu•·sti on within tl.tat. ci:,t~N. of called the l\liHsouri Compraml.-;e), liiOpcmtlv~ and v<,til- forbidd en powers which ( ait ho n ~h the ::tn1nc ~n Li re 1 e1 11· tli('I'C IJl'ing 110 JlOW('l' d ·lc~at cd to 'ongrcs-~ 111 ~he CO~l~ti- to r ies as in the ~takii ) could uot ue CXei'ClSCd uy the tution fllllhori'l.ing Congre:.~ to prohluit :::ila very 111 the 1 er- p eople oft he Terril ories. . ritorks. lf llli:; propo~ition were true, wht ch fort u~Httyly fort1' ': • · · t1 •..• •111u welfare of the wliolo country tt 1~ not, tl.c Jn the course of th l! discussto.n. of tins fl~lcst ~Ol~ .1e J~C,l~e ~i on would inevitably rc::~ult, wh1ch tht·y logrca lly ('ourt ~-::tve :~u elaborate expo rl~on ~ f th.c :~~r.uctlll e: \0•1 ~cl~t: from the prcmbcs- th:tt tile Constitution ~>y \he ~rinciplc~, :ttl< I power::~ of the F eder,ll <-• 0 1 ' Cl 11111 ~1.1 \• 1 c< tH \· of "hv •ry l'Stahlblic::~ it in the 'l'crntories ~bowing that it Jl O!:I!lC!:'S s no powerH cxc pt t 10~0 "' ~~ c 1 reco~rt l '(;r', JO'w ~r of the p eople to coutrol it l.ly law, are llcl<·t:'llCtl, CUIInlerated, nnd <.leftncd. in the U~ ~~~~-'ttui IJe.)~ontl t .. 10 t 1, '!.!! 10 C\'ery citizen tile r iglrL to go the1 tl tion· anti that a ll other powers u.re erther pro 11 H er ant gunl ,tn:e:. ·ted iu the •njoyment of his slave 'llto•:cth er or ILre re.~en•ed to the Rt:tt c!'l, or to tht• peopl e. anti be pro ~ ·hen •tll other ,:cmedies fn il for the in ~nler to show that t he prohibit ed, us well ns the propert.Y; a~H '\ ·gj11~ of property it becorncs t he delegat ed powers arc cnumer·n.ted au<l dcfl~led In the protect~~~~~ 0 : ~Yuc~f 1uongress (t1> thc1 perfornwt1cc of Constitution the {)ourt enumcraletl certain powciS unpera lVC ( u · 1 ju " oui,ICI hy his con!:tc.encc a nrllti~ ' ' · 1 ·u l {) 11 re~~ or by the which every mcm 1er " u • . • 1 which cunnot lJc cxe rCISC< Ct >c r )y o 1-\ · . • I' 1 1 1 r· 1 which 110 con~l <lemtion of p oll tll'a po tey 1'crritorial Lcl-(i,.datu n·~, or uy Mny othel· autll ~ r.rty ~~· mt- 0'~1 ,' · a~; . . ;1~1 ~ can relcaHe him) to prodde uy.law such ever fo1· _Lhe. ~implc rca~on tlra.t they arc foi bidden hy I 0 \ ex~>~t~~\1\c1 con•plcte prot eel lOll as I~ es~ent ra l ~o Lh.e the Con!>l!tutton. . .• , n< ~fl · mcnt. of :l!l irnpo rtnn t ri!'h~ bet·u red h.v the~ on~t r- Sollle perHOIIH who have n ot c xamtriCtl crltle,d ly the enJOj 1 I<) itioH l>e true that the Con::.trtut wu 01;inlon of the Uourt in th is respect h:we hecn inthH;e,tl tuti<;'~: 1 If 1,.'t ~.~~·~~~ ir~ the 'l'cnito;i1·~ he)OIId the power to hcli c1'e that the l!l<IV~'I"!J question was IHclude<lin t 11 ~ eat a 1 ISle::!) ' 't e ily to control it 11110 t lrcr r ·~ult 1111 lc;;s cla~s or prohibited power:;, and that the ('o nrt hue! of th~ peop el ~~~~ 1 which t ht•rc• i; no e~n1pe, 11111:-t ine\'i· decided in the nrctl :'colt ca::~e that the Territorial l.c :..l~· startltn~j ant ',1!1 11 • (.;on~tit ulio 11 b uni for·nt ·• tJI crywhc r<• lature could Hot legi ·lu.tc in r espect to slav_e t•r0 1'~' · 1 .Y Lahl): 10 1 owl .. -1 11>rl• of tlr . luir 1tl :-1ar ·~"-i:~ the nH u>e • tl 'J'e ·iton ·s A ft·w 1\' illnu t II'< onnu < · . . the ~:un e as all other property tn II! rr l . . . 1 1 •. · 11L ·r::t in l\ a 11~an-ll ll<l 1f t 1' tr u~:, "" cxtraciH fro111 t I1 e O))I•I I!· On o f •"1 IC C OUI ·t will correct ti ll 111 l'enn~\ ~ .111 • · . (' . , ~ 1 1 1 · tJ , l'rc~itleu t in a ~p1• c·1 a lii i i'"H II ·to ongr b, , error ~rul show clca.rly the class or powers to which t 10 ~talc< >.v 11 •• 1~ in J{an:-~·rH hv \irtue of the Const.it: our~ refl!l~rc<.l 1~s being forbidd en aliko to the Fedcml "tl_lltt ~lfav,ery, Y~1 He · 1 S!'ttes ,; ·,~~1d ·tli:tt •· J\ austt:l is there- Government, to' the :::ltates, an d to tl te 'fe lT itories · 'J'hC tfu l!:O. II t 0t lri::t1 1me oumllle n'tl a' :; '1 11u't;'~ 1 a ::: lu ve ,'ta~c a~ (l corg1· a ? r Court suy: :-t 0t~ Car~liua" wily doc:; it n.<•L ~x ist 111 l 'cnnsylvull!a " A r l'fr·n·IWP 10 n ft•w or the provl'llons of the '.'J on~t It u IIo n 'boyu v irtue of the' !!o:lllt ·• 1v' on.~ ti t n.t wn ? . • . l"n St ·\tc ·wd will illth lrat •• this propo:~it lon . For· <'Xl\lllfllt', no cue, WI' t'·e- If lt be said that l'enn~yil' iliiH~ b :l ~ 0 ' ~~~ ; r ~ ; u~!ltio n 11nnw w llt·ontl'utl that Vnu~rPB!l ean makt• a11y l~tw in It l'r· the refore h·~s u rlj.:ht to n•):ulate t •c • •l l .} I . rltor~ rl'~fll'l'ling tlw l'~<l :li• lh<hnwnt of rl'lrgit~n , or t<l !r·<·~ ~~ vithln her 0\vn lhnit.s to llUiL ht•nwlf, It must ~e IJo(ne 1~ •·rd!;e thcr·pof, or !i.brl,l);ing the fr(:r.dom ot !IJH'<·<· l ?'' .0. 1 · ' . . he ~overeignty of l 'cnu!l) lru11ia.' h~e t 1at .o t h.· pn·~<s, or l.lw rlgbtoflhe p<'op lo of tlliJ tl'r-rlturY,P1 .1111 .1thl~ lll.llld th.tt t .. • Is limited by tire Coust itutton, ~Inch ,,, :t~-<•·mhlt·, tutu to petition the \Jo\·crnment for tb n :drci!S o cver.y other . t,tte, grll'l'tlll<'t·•• proru.les that. "X or ~.; ~~ ('ongre!lR rl rny to the peopl!• the right to kerp nnd "'. Constitution nntl nll ht\1 R of the l:Hite<l Stutt•!l "bldl br.nr nrmB,.uor rlw r ighl IO tri.tl by jury, nor CO illlH't,rt~>y one h tlf \~~? nmdt• in (l lll'~\11\llt'l' illl'n·of, awl ali Jrt•thi7 '\'~~~~~~ ~r t? bolt wilnt·Rt~ againKI hrm:<l'lf In a f•rhn,lnal P_roc~'l'll \1 b·y ·lt~\~ 8 •lik h ~<hall be ma.t1·, !IIHkr tht• nntltorily ot 1.·~· 1 ':, ··: l• ,. 1 • •;:y So tno,ll w11! hl\rl!ly be contl'nd•:t.lthat ( ongn 1111 Coil< " . • 1 • , , 11 • 1 , 11 ,. 1 ltw v; th~ (rt.~<l, and 111 Jll•. i!• t. t . 1 q~llrtt·r u r-.oldlt·r In a hout~t' hi n tcrl'llory wltlfo u~ the! cotic '~ ~~~'\1~ I~<~~~~~~ ;/ ltOtiiHI th•·n •hy, ttll!ttliinq inl'thc .~ '"'"ltlut1tm ur olrlw ownl'r In a tlrne of peacl'; nor In tinw o " ttr ~ llf lt7l . ; l \. ~- !/ Stul~ to thr crmt•<tr y uotu tflt.<tum 111!1· mnnr11·r pr·l'snlhP<I by lllw. Nor rould they by law or!' 11' wrs 0 WI . C tit tlon profJf•rty or t\ drl:r.t•n In~~ tPrrhory who WIUl <·onl·lewl ot. ll·t::t· Hence t.he St:~.tc of l'cnnsyh·an!a., wt lh her, ons u . dOll f01· a longt·r JH•rio•l thl\n th!• life of the pm·sf!n con' icu.d, 1 ' 1 dome~:~tic lnHtilution~, anLI ln.tern o.l policy, uor'tak.t· p 1·rv~ttc Jli'Oill' rty for public ust: wlthoutJUijl eompun· fi!Hl llW!ll am t tl ConstltutlOJl of th() L!lllt ctl f.;Lat eH, lu 11\tlon." \>1 !'nhord nate 0 lC tile Slllll, c:xtl'nt ns the 'J'errllory "Tlw powc· r!l 0\'<'1' prr~onR nnrl ~roper!)', of which we the sallie nlanner nnd to N 1 . ka Act 811y~; tllnt the 'J'er· ept•nk, an• nol only not grantNi to CongrcsH, ~~~.t. ~r~ lu ;~- of J(u.nsns. 'J'he J( anR~IS· ~ n.us. ,l~l fltive ;ower over "nil prl'l\~ lt•1·ms d••n!ctt IUld tlwy arr forhiddl'll to txt tliRu lht~1 • rltory of J(ansas shall i xen lse l~g · . t I . 11 tl Con~tl And this prnhl·~~·J~n Is nor cnnflur r! to thP Stai<>A, hut Hl . 1 tf 1 sui 'eels of le!fl!dn•ion con~tsll·n. WI l It: • word!! ar. g~·ue r1ll, 1411u t·xteml to thtl wholtl tt•nrtory O~tlr rig.' u, . JJ tilnt the people of ~11 \tl 'l'crnto ry &hull he left which the Con'!tilutilln gilt:!! h Jwwt·r to l··gl~latc, iurluthng t~t10n, ,wd. form <W<.l n ·guinl c t ht lr flom t•l:ltlc lnsUthos portions of It r~nu~lnh~g 11 11 t•r Territorial goveruml'nts, ' perfectly fl e 1 e t~n wuy ~ubject only to tl1t> Con~! ltutlou ns wr llll.!l lhnl t·ovtlr·<·d by ~tatc11. h !tht the t utlons lu the ~ 0 t , -i-he provl"lons nf till~ 11 ct ar•· lw- " rt IR-~. tOtl\l nhKt'IH'~' of powr r , PI'HfW Pre w 11 f of the United • ta l'l:l. . ' 1 tl c t tution tUul dominion of rhP. Unllvd Hllttl·~. and placet~ lb~ cltlz•·uR 0 '' Ueved to be w enUre harmony w1l1 l t.: 1' 118 1 • Tcrrhory, liO tar as the.~c r ights at·e concerned, ou the l'ame |