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Show ) 158 A POLITICAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860. It ceased 10 he nn<ler the sole and exclusive jnrlsdicLion I money; or, If purchased for A pos.L-otncc, It must be of the United ::!-taLes," !thin the meaning o f the net of governed under tho p ower to c~t.ahlish po~t oniC~:s und ()ongrcss for t!H• 1·e1tson that It had pa:s~cd under 1~nothor post-roads ; or, for a cu:Hom-huu:se, UlldeJ' the puw~ 1. to and o. dHI'crcnt jurisdiction. H ence, if we abol1sh t.ltc • regulate commerce; or for ~~ C<lltl'l~hou~e, unu~r the 'l'crritona1 Govuo111cnt o f Utah, preserving all existing judiciary t!ower. ln s h ort, r.he clause 111 the l 'on~Litutinn right , and pln.ce the country und1•r the sole and exclusive under wl11ch any land or t el'l'ito? ~ll lnngi11i; to tnt juris diction o f the nite<l States, o ffenders can be np- Un.lted Stttte:~. mu ~t be govet·l~~·d, 1:; llidJL',l(ed by thu prehcnded 1u11t brought. into Ute tuljacent tates or Tor· OliJeCt f~r \Vh~ch 1t was acqtmcd an.! thL· purpo~e for ritories for puniHllltH'Ilt, in the same manner and under which It~~ de<l1cnted. So. lo1~ g, thcrefurc,, a~ the organic the same rul<"s tLnd regulations which obtained and a c t of Utah s hall rcma1n 111 f,ll't't'! i:H tt1ng 11part thJLt have b een uniformly pmcticctl under like circumstances country ,Cor l~ new ~tate, ~utd pled g ll~ g- the f,tilh of Lhti ilince 1790. Uultcd taLes t.o recetve It Into r.lllJ .Lli tl!!rl ali MOon ILS it If the ~1\an p1·opo'cd :>hall be found an etrcctlvo nnd should have the req~IHitc p opul :Lt ro11 , 11 l' arc bound to adcquiLLc 1emcdy for the evil~:~ comph\lned of In U.tah, extend to it all. the ngl~t:~ of, ~clfKOVl'l'll.rn.cnt , .u ~;reeahly no one no matter wh:Lt his p olitical creed 01· p:u·wmn to the c lause 1n the UonstLtut lon provrd lllg' l()r the ad- 1\Ssocta'tlous need h e appreh ensive that It will violate mll!slon of n ew Stat~s. 11 ·~tee the lll~ce~sity of repealing aay chcrish~d theory or con~titutional right in r egard the orgrLnic act-wtthdrawltlg the pledgr• of admis~ion, to the gO\'Cl'llment o f the 'l'crrito:ics. H is a great and placi~g it ~llHicr the sole rttHl exclusive jul'isrli•;tiou mistake to :-upposc that allt.he terntory or land belong- of the U111ted tates, in ?rd~1· that pc~':i()ltS anu properLy lug to the l l nitc<l t:tles ltllHiL necessarily be governed may be JHOLected, und JUStice a clllllu t~Ll'l't' d, and criut~ by the B!tmc laws aucl under the :>!Wle cluu:~e of ~he puull!hcd under tho Ill. WI! prcscriuccl by ()ongrcss in such Constitution without reference to the l>UI'pose to whtch cases. it ill dedic!LI~d or the u ·e wl1ich it is proposed to make of While the power of Congress lo n·pcal till~ (ll'ganic act It· while all that portion of the country which Is or shall and abolish the 'l'erritor iul Ool'l' rll llll'tlt c:lllllot btl Llcuicd, l>e' set upat·t to becollle new States, must necessarily be the quc~tiou may ari e whelllt'r we po~~c -~ Lite ruoral governed under and conslnteut with that claUlle .of the right or exe r cising thll powe r, after Lite l'ho~rte~ has l>ec 11 CoustituLion which nnthorlzes Congrc~s to adnut now o nce granted n.nd the local govurn111ent orgarJIZccl under State.- it docs not follow that other t erritory, not its provisions. 'J'hi~ Is a gmvc q ut·~linn-onc which lntcnJcci to he orga.nized llll<l ILdmitteu into the Union should nut u ..: decided ha~:~rily, n or Ultclcr !.Ire iuflu~:uae of ns Stat es, mu.,t uu governed unclc l' the snruc clause of pa~sio n o t· prdudlcc. I am free to sny that i11 IllY opinion the Constitulinn, wcth td l tho righl:l of self·govcmment there is no moml right t.o r epeal the orga11k act of n. Ter. :1nd State equality. F or lnst :lllcc, if we s houl(l purchase rl tory, ~trHI nhull::sh the goverumuu~ organize(! uncler It, Vancouvcr'l:l bland fro tn Oreat Uritain fur the purpose tlltless the inhabitants of that 'l'urrltol·y, !L:i :L ennununlty, :){ remol'iug tLII the ln ci~<W!i f. o rn our l'•Lcific tcrritoric::s lu.\vc dune !luch acts a !l alllount lo IL forlertur~: uf all righ~ and locating them on that hiland uii their perm:went un.kr It--such hS liccoming alien Clll'lllil''• outlawd, ellshome, with gu:Ll'llnties thnL It Nhould never he occu pied avowing their allcgirulCe, or re~istllll( tl1e authority of or settled with white men, wilt it be contunded that the the Unito(l States. ThL~c, and kindrecl act~, lfhich we purch;tse ~;hould he tll.ldc iLild the i:;land governed uude1· have every reason to liclicve arc daily perpclralccl in that the power tt) adlllit nell' ~tatcs whe!l it wa.'l not <LC<jUircd 'l'cn itory, would not only give us the tnut·al right, l>u~ !or thttt purpo~C, nor inton<lt;d to ue applied to that rnnke iL UUI' i111pcrative duty to almlish Ute Territorial object? .Ueing acc1nircd fur lndian purpose~ and ttpplied Uov ·rnment, and place U10 inhabitou1t~ under the solo to indian lHll'JlO:H!;;, it is not more re1tSonaulc to as:1ume !lllcl exclusive jurii!dictlun of lhe U11i1cd ~talc!!, to the cod that the powl'r to llt~qtti re was d erh ·ed from the Indian that justice may he d one and thtl cll!{llity nnd authorllJ clause, and the i~; la n!l rnust rleteRsarily he governed under uf Lire Oovcrnmcnt villllic at l'cl. and con~i::.tcnt with that c l:w~e of tire Constitution which 1 h.tvc thus prel!euted plain ly and fmnld y my views of rtJintes to lnclian atl'u.irs. Ag-ain, suppo.ie we should deem the Utah qu .. ~tioll-lhc evr l>i a11c! 1 he r cn11·tly-upou the it oxpedieut to huy ll t<mal l h; lan(l 111 the Muditerran eau fa ct:~ as Lie ·y l<av' r caclll'c! 11s, 111 111 a re :;u ppu~cd Lo lkl or the Cttrribcan • ca fo1· a n:wn.l t;Ln.Llon, cau it l>c suhst;wlially cunect. Jr 'lli<-r.d r •' l"lrls ILl HI rtullicntlc 11aicl wi th nn.v force or plausll>ility that tho purcha!jc inf•ll'!llatlou :slu\ 11 change 111 llll cdr fy 1 ,, o:c· fil..:L~, I .;hall be t;Llould be made or the J., land go verned under Lite power rt•ally to conform wy uolion to til•· re I r " 'l' a• Lh(·y ~hall to admit new :-ta te~? Uu Lhe coutrary, Is iL not oi.Jvious l1c f~>un<l to cxi~L. I havu nu 1'\Ul'h ptlde ul' o pru iuu a~ that the right to acquire and govem In that case is lie· will induec 111e to pcr~evcre in 1\11 error 011e Juoul.:nt afttr l'ive<l from the power'' to provicle aud maintain n navy" 111y ju!lgrncnt i~ c onviuced. If, tht·rcfun·, a bcLter plan nud must be e'\ercisecl Cclllsi~tc ntly witl~ that power. .:-!~, can he 1!cvised -oue Ill ore cousi!ILl'llL with justice and 11' we purchase laud fo1 fort.~. <trscuals, or oth er JUilitary liUIIIIII pnlicy, or more df..:ct ive ll'l a remedy for acknow· purposes, or set :LparL !Lilli dedicate any territory which ledgecl ~:: v iis, [ ~Ira\! tnke great pleas ure iu adopting it, in we now own fo1· a tnilitary resen•atiou, it immediately li eu of th11 rr:1e 1 have prese nted to you to-night. pMses under the military power and must uc go vemcd In couclu~ron, p ermit me to cxpre:iS my grateful nc· in harmony with lt. Su if the laud lie purchased for a knowiL·tl){rnent; for your t>atient atte ntion aud the kind and mint, iL mus t be governed uudur tho power to coiu re~pc~o:Lfulmaun cr lu which y ou liavc r eceived my rt:marks. INVASION OF S1'A1'ES--SEI)ITION LA \V l)llOPOSED. -·.- S P E E C IT 0 J1' M R. D 0 U G L A. S . ON the HHh of January, 1860, Mr. Dourrlas submitted to the United States Senate the f'ollowing Uesolution : Resoltved, 'l'hat the Committee on the Judiciary be Instructed to report a bill for the protection of each State and Territory of the Union, against Invasion by the authorit.ies or in habitants of any other State or 'l'erritory · and for the suppres~ion and punishment or consplracic~ or combinu.tiuus in any State or 'l'crrltory with intent to Invade, assail, or moleijt tho government, Inhabitants, property, Ol' insti luLiOnH of any other State or 'fenltory or the Union. This Resolution, coming up as a special ot·der on the 23d of January, l'tlr. Douglas said: Mr. President, on the 25th cf November last, .the. Governor or Virginia addressed on otllcial commumcatwn to the President of the U liL<'d Staws, In tihlcb he Baid : "I have lnforma.liou from varlou!l quarlrrs, upon which I r ely, lh•H a t·onsplraey of fonnldal>ltl exl<•nt, In mea. us and muubt!r.'!, is form t:cl In Ul1io, l't•nn~ ylvttulr~, New-York, and Otllur ~ifllHHi t•J r· ·scue John Browu aud his as110ela.tes, prl· sorwrs aL lJ mriPslou, Vlrglula. 'l'llo !Jtformatlou 1.8 svec!Do cnoul(b to bo t'ullal.l lu " ... . . "l'laees Ia Maryland, Ohio and P ennsylvanl:\, havo been occuplud ns depvts anu rcnde~vous lJy lheso dcMpcradoos, un· oi.Jstructt:tl by guurds or othurwlso tu Invade Lh.l!l Sll\ln, and wu aro k ept In continual nppt'Ph e;l!lion of outrago Cr4ln lire ami rnphHl. I apprlso you ()( these facts ln order Lhat you mz\y to.ku steps to pros.:rvo [lC!~co between tho States." To tltll! communication, the Pres id ent of the United Stales, on the 28t.h o r November, retumed a rcplr, from which I read the following sentence: "I am at a loss to cliscovcl· any provilllon In llw Con~llu!lou or laws of thu United SLatt'll whlch would authorize mu to> 'Lake steps for this purpose.' " ['!'haL Is, to prcdervu the pUl\llll bot ween the tit.ntes. J Mr. Douglas argued at cousiucral>Ic. len~th, to prove that the Coustitution docs prov1dc tor tho MR. DOUGLAS' PROPOSED SEDITIO~ LA. ·w. US9 rotcction, by the Federal Governmeut, of ench ~tate against iuvasiou from any and all sout·cc~, and continued : The question then rc mn.ining Is, what legislation is neccssllry auu proper to render tltl:i guun.tuty o r ll1e Oonstltutlou eOectutd P I prcl!umc there will lie very little dlll't~renco of opinion that It will IJc ttcce. sary tu place the whole military power or the Oov rUillellt UL the ul~podnl of tho Pre:;ident, under prop er guard/! and restrictions against nhuse, to repel twd supprc:~t~ l r. va~lo u whcu tht lio~t le force ~ hall be acttutlly in the llclcl. .Uut, sir thnt Is not sufficient. Such lcgiHI:Ltiuu would not lle a f~ll oompli:wce with th is guaranty of the Constitution. The frum ers of thtLt inHtrulllent 111eant mot·e wl1en I bey gave the guaranty. Mu.rk the difi'crenee in languag..: between the provision for protecting th.: United tales against lnvn ~in n and that fur prot..:cli ng the Stu. tc.s. When It provided for protecting tho United Stat eM, it. s:wl Oongrcss shall have power to ''r"pet invasion." When It CUIUI! to make this guarunty to tl1e State~, it changt:d the languuge, and said th~ Uuitcd Statcil t~hall '' JJI'otect" each or the States agrLiust tnvasion. In the one ln::~tauce, the duty of the Government is to repel ; in the other, the gunrnoty Is that they will pro tect. In other wo r d:o~, the United StaLL'S are not p ermittutl to walt until tlH! e r1c n1y shall b'l upr n your borders; until the Invading lL rmy sh:11l have been organized and drilled and placed In umrch with a vltJw to the luvasion; but th ey must pass ailliLwH necessary and IH'opcr to insure protection rJ.nd dom t:~Lic t.ranqullllty lo each St.atc a nd 'J'crrltory of t hi~ Union ng11lust lova.~io o or hostilities from othcr l:l t u.tcs nod 'l'ur· rltor les. Then, sir, I hold that It is not only necc~sary to usc tile mlllttLry pow ~r when the u ctultl casu of in vaslon l!hnll occur, l>ut to authorize tile judicial d epartment of tl1c Government to Ruppress all coJHipirncicll nnt.l conlbino.tions In !he fcve r :d :;tates with Intent to invade a St:~ tc, or molt:8tor clisturl> its government, lt1:1 p eace, its citizcnM, I~ property o t· Its in titutlons. You tnu!lt puulsh the conoplracy, the combination with Intent to do the act, ancl then you will suppress it in ad vnnce. '!'here Is 110 principle m or~ fam iliar to the legal profes610n than that wherev~r It i<l proper to deci:Lre tw act to uc a critne, It is proper to punbh a conspiracy or combination with iutunt to perpetrate the act. Look up<m your s tatu le-uookl!, l>ud f )lrCSU ille you will find an ellU.Ctlli CilL to punish the counterfeiting of the coin of the United St;ltcs; au<l then another sect ion to punish a man for l1aving counterfeit oolo in his possession with i1~Unt to pas~ It; and rurother eecLiou to punl-h him for having the m<'lds t1r dies or in struments for counterfeiting, with i1~ten t to u~e them. 'l'hls.ls a familiar principle In legislative anti jud icial prooeedmgs. If the act of innLsion is criruinal, the COII· eplracy to invntlo should also ue 111adc crlmiual. If It be unlawful and illegal to invade a. State, a1111 run orr fugitl\' e slaves, why u ot m:tlco it unlt\wful to for Ill conspimcles and combin:uion\1 b. the several State~ with lntcuL to do the act? We have been toll! that a notorious n11w who has recently sulfcr l'tl death for hiil crimes upon the gallows, l>oastc<l lu Cleveln.nd, Ohio, In a puhllc lecture, 11 year ago, that he lilLcl then a body o f men employed in running away ho•·~:~es from t.bc alaveholdcrs or Mls~:~ouri , and polntecl ton. livery st.al;le In Clevclaud which was full ot the st,olen horses at that time. Jo:nglanu 1\).ptln!lt the lh•e11 o f the prin ce~ of France . 1 ~hall n oL argue the question of coudty h ·tween lo r.:lgu S i ale.~. l prc<~IClL te rny argument upou the e .. n~liru•:oa by w!ncli we are gnverued, und which we bttve sworn to uhcy, aucl den<tLnd thiLt the Uouf tJtullon he t'Xl'Cillt·d In KOOd faith so ILd to punioh and :;uppre~~ every ccunbiuatioo, every cuu~piracy, ellh.:r 10 Invade a ~tal<:: ur tl) muleaL itd iu lnd! l tnll l~ , ot· to cliltlurlJ It:~ property, o r to subvt·rt lt::1 lrl.'illl uthws and ltd guTel'lllllcllt. l ht!icvc lids can he dl,·ctually do11c by authorizin!-' tlw Unltecl 'Lutes ··o urt:~ 111 Lhu Hevcral fates to lakcjuf'i,dictiou uf tile oa e1111e, <Lilli pu11i~h the VIOilLllllll Of tile l:LW With lL})pro}lritlft:: )JilD i:!hlucnts. lt can11ol be said llilLt the time lras not yet arrived fur euch legrlllatlon. It cannot be said with truth !lmt 1t1e llarpcr's lo'~::n·y CHIIC will not he r epetl.lt!d, Ol' i.~ uot lu dangt!r of rep~:t rtion . It is only ueces~ary to Iuquire Into the cau.'lC:'I which pr\Hiucc<l the ll til'pel''" 1•\ •t'l'y o11 tragc•, and usce1·taiu whelha tho~e cau~cs urc yet In activo operation, a1ul then y ou can detenmne wltl'!ht!r t hc r·e is 11uy grounu for apprehension that th<LL luvasion will btl r c pe:tted. Sir, wh!LL were the cau~cK which produced tlte llarper'i:l Jt'erry outrage f Without stoppinl( to adduce ovldencc In d utnll , llruve no hesitntion In c.xpre~H) ug lilY tlrm ancl d clil!erute conviction that tile lltti'}Jt'l''ll Jt'l)rt·y crin"e was the notttrat, l <,oi cat, ·in ·vilalJle re~<ult t!ltll.tl doctrineiJ cmct teachin(JIJ of tltc Repttlllil'an ;w.·ty, <ut ewptaiw.ul <met enfut·cert in t!H•i t• pla(/'orm, their 1JII ,.. tiiJmt 1Jre•iie8, tkeir JJamplilet8 anti &uok!t, and /!.~p,_ cictlty in the /Jj)IIJCIIM of their ll' OUt'I'IJ it~ wut out of Uon(Jre,wl. (A ppluu~:~c lu the galle r lc~.) . . • And sir ina!'Jmuch llS the Con~tltut i on of the Unlte.t States' cot~ fer~ uvon Uunj,"l'e::l.'l the p owl'r coupled v. ith tire duty of protcctiug each ~tatll ugaiu:,L extcl'llu.l aggi'C!'JI!ion, !LII(! iuasmuch m; Llmt lucludc.:l 1 he power of suppres.'iing and punishinl cou~piracic:1 in oue :::;ta te agaiust the Jnstitutiou8, propcrt.v, people, or gove. umeut , r every othcl' ~tate, 1 desire to carry out I hat power vigorou11ly. Sir, give us su~h a law as t.hc Coulltitution contem plate~ and nuthonzes, and l wtll SIIOIV the Senator front cw York that there is a con:~tltutlonal mode of re pre.~s·iny the "irrcprcs!'Ji lil~ conflict." .17' ''/l open tke )il'i11on duvrslo ((//ow cOIIIij)t ',<t tor~ aua!'"':~l liM pence of the R ep tt&lit· <t11cl til e duuwsl',C t rl£nqu1 l!tty of out· St(l te.~ to &el~:.ct tluit· ctllll whe,retn to d r U(f tn~t a miserable tlj'e a~ ct ]Htlli11lrme.nljor tkr, /1' avml!.li U(JUMutC the 1Je£we uf,wciely. . . . . ~lr. Prc~ldcnt, the modo of preserving petLce, ~plain. 'J'hi:! system of l:ICCtional \Varfare mu~t cease. 1 he Coustitutloo has gl vcn the power, and all we ask o f ()ongrc~:~s Is to give the me;Lns, all(! we, by indictments. and convictions in the Jt'cdcral cout·L:! of our seveml ::.;tates, \~Ill make such examples of the lenclerd of these cou~plmctcs as will strike terror Into the hearts or tl~? othe re, and there will be an end of this crusa~ e. ::;1r, you "_~U~>' check it by c rushing out the consp1racy, the comumatiou, and Uum there cnu be safcty. [A Rpecinl committee of t.Ite cnnte, ~f which Mr. Mason, of Yo.., was cbnmnan, a.ppowtcd ~o investigate the Ilal'per's Ferry n1Ta.rl', a cc rta~a the cau!:le of the raiu, and report what l a~s., tt any were necessary to prevent a r epettt10n, rep~rtetl neu.t· the close of the ~essiou, that the committee were unable to d1 Sc?ve~· that any pel'sons were either directly or mdtrccUy enrra.I'Yed in the invasion other thn.n Johu Br0o wbn and those who n' ccompanw. d ht' m to liarpcr's .Ferry.] WHAT POI'UL.AR SOVXREIONTY HAS DONF.. 1 thlak It is within our con!pctcncy, a.nd consequently o~r duty, to pa~R a law making every conspirncy or combmat! on In auy State or Te rritory ot this Uuiun to invade Another with intent to steal or run nw:ty PI'Ot>urty of any kind, whether it ue negroes, or horses, o r property or any other deacriptiou, into another State, a cl'im~, and p unish the coo pirators by ind ictment In the Uniteu 'uttes oourts and confinemcnt in the prisons nnd p enitentia r ies or the State or Tenitory ,vhcre the con!!plmcy mny be formed and qut· llell. Sir, I would carry tlle:~e pro vl::~ion~ or law as f:tr u~ our constitutional p owers will reach. I ~ttld ~ke it a crinM to f orm conspiraciu with a t»eto. of t111Vaclht(! Stattdl or Territori{}JJ to co1ttrot .Z~ct1ons, 'l.ollettwr they be wn<ler tiLe (!arb of .Emi(Jr<tnt Aid ~cieties of New J!)ngland or llbue Lod(Jes of .Jlist< lllrt. (Applause iu thu gu.llcrie:;.) In other words, Uti~ provision of the Constitutions llloaus more than the m~re repelling or an iuvasion when the invading nntJy shall reach tho bord.:r of a Slato. 'l'he language Is, it ehall protect the State ag<llost Invasion· the metwing of t ~tlch Is, to usc the language of the prc~mble to tho Uonlttt~ tloo, to ln~ure to each State dome~tic tranquillity agatost external violence. There can bo no poace, there C&a bl! no pro.,perity, tl1ere can be no safety m any cout~ unity, unle~sl t is llecut·cd against vloleuce from aiJroad. From JJ{r. DouulaJJ' Speech in tl~fl s, 1tate, .May 16, 1800. hy, sir, it hl\s been a question seriously mooted in :~u~pe, whcthel' it was not tho duty of ll:ngland, a power retln Lo lt'rancc, to pass lu.w~ to puui11b cuu3plr&clca t.t Dut we are told that the necessary result of this doctrine ~r non-Intervention, which, gentleo1eo, by 1 wa[ o~ throwing ridicule upon It, cnll squatt.er s~ver~ g~ J• to deprive the South of all participatiOn n w a 1ey call the common Territories or the United M't~te.s. l (~a~ was the ground on wltlch tho Senator from C SSlpp 1 u:-· Davis) predicated h is opposition to the omproro e f ' f 1850 He regarded a. refusal to repeal the 1t easures o · h w·rroot Proviso· areMexlcan la.w as equivuleut tot t ? cdngress the right to !usa! to rccognl:r;e by an ac o 11 t p I . slave there a!l equivalent to theW mo rov so, carrfy u. 1 t deny to a Territo rial Lcgl.slature the right to ea xrccl uudsea Sl0a very as equivalent to a~ exc1 .u s lon . lie be· r I at that time tbat thlll doctrme did amcunt to a J!~e~l of soutbera ri1fhtl i and be told the f eople or |