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Show !52 A POLITICAL TEXT-1300K FOR 1860. people, one nation, an(l :trc to be di!lposed • of for the but u~:g~ ,Portion of the territory of the United Stat . .. The Territories belong to the l;uited St·\tcs as one lin a. I· common ~>cncfit, of all, arcordiug to the principles of the hibilio~r~fli! no ou.t~ry ~gaint!t that, because it I~ the ~~~' ~onstl~utlon. ·llil,a ch State,, as :\ meml>cr of the Confedc- j lion a~uins~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~nd of pro pert~, aiJd not a pr·ol~ib~~ acy, ~a s a ' ~ tt to a votce m forming the rules and laws n ' . . . ec ron of the lJnron. Why lllr regulations for th~ ).:Ovanment of tht' Territories . but of the o t\ ~:~v~ut a tavern-~ecpcr from going i'nto 'soour the diffen:nt ~ecl ton~-::'\o rth, South, East and W~str- with er ~~ Otlcs _of the Untt~d Stute::~ ant! Lakin ' l me ·,~ave n,o. s~ch n~hL lt is no violation of Southem rig!Jt.s l also ~~~~iu'i\nd ~~~~~!: aiJd Sl'lhng spirits th et·e 'l~leL ~~ ~,a;.;~ u~t<:{Js,r,,~,(i:9ery. "-Cuny. Glove, Appendi0, vol. 2:l, l>eing cn;l'l·~ ~~~r i;~':~h~u.~~err ~l!t"s~.rlptio,ns of l,u::llrw:;s fr~m ~ 1 .1' • C o . prepared to say that. under I th0e1 CH': So.n ~t itLH ti'l l IIOt , tJt erel·o rt, HE ADYOC.tn :s TIH~ "1HRI~PRESSIULK COSFLICT '' ~~c ~~~.w~it' t? pas:~ l~t~l·ll excludin~-: . t\e~/~'~1:~ :H:I·~ not 0 I . e err t o rr et~ . It ln\'oh·es the s·u . erj rom n t te same day, und in the same Rpeech Speeclt. ofSenator Don(Jlav Ju..ne 3; 'i ~•opr·ull'ipleH."- Mr. Doug Ia · sai cl : ' ' and 1116, vol. 21, Con{!. ut~'ue, 1:,41)~0. '1 'J>a(Je.9 l J 1~, . "I l11wc n.lrcady had occasion to remark that ttl Ou the same lhy · 1 · 1 ~~~fve0(,.:;~~e a~t~!~.~·iso)~ l~r:d t!~~ ~t:~t~~~~~:;~ t!~~re a we:: ~~~· D?uglas I'CfC;I'dd .~~~ t11~~ \~~·ij~~~~~<' J~~~~~~·h, ~hed slav~ry. 1'his fact shows that the cause or'~r~e~~o~ ttle/'jolut10ns, passed by the Illinois I,<.•<ri~htu:~eo as ste:~chly nnd firmly advanced, while slavery has 111. : n . • ' receded 111 the ~arne ratio. We all look forward with confKidee nt ce kt o th. e ,t,u n, e · when Delawure • M•·t r·y!·' 1n·u• , v1· rg 1n H• l n.~c Y, clnu ••.hssouri, nnd probably Nortll Carolin~ :: MyS l~ands arc tied upon one i!!olatcd point , "~ l':NATon-Can you not l>reak loose~~~ . an~ ~ ennes ee, Will adopt one graclual ,;ystem of emanclp, ttton, unde!· the opcmlion of which those Stutes must ln process of t1me, bccorae free." ' n. Doum.As-1 have no desire to l>r. . opinions arc my own and I . . . eak loose. My votes belong to UJO~;e that scut e;~lpres~ . t.h~m freely. .My am responsible. 1 hnvc never di~e::~' c, ·.llld to whom 1 And. ~gain, on the f<a.tne page, Rpeakiug of a tueucy durhw seven years' ser ... i d c" llh my consti-propot< tllOn to nmentl the Uoustitutiou 80 as to pre ·et·\·e ~n "equilibrium, in poiut of 'uulllbe rs beLwcen free nud slave States, he says: '"rll c.n~ s1 r , ~he P!'opositi?n of the Senato•r from South Cn.rolin,~ IS enttrely Impracticable. It is Hl8o 'In· I . ., I if pr'lCtiC' '' ) 1L J ol( lllJS~ I) 0 • ' 1•v e. wou d revolutionize the fundarn 11 l prmc!ple of the Govemment. 1t would destroy the ~,.::t ~rlncbtp~1e of popular equal.ity ,,wltlch must neces~arily ~orm te as s of all free irtlllllut10ns. It would l>e , , grade movement in an age of ro .L retroastonish the world "-Con(! Glov~ ~ress, tll!at would pa1·t 1, pa{!e 371. · · ' • ppuu uv, vol. 22, CO.r\GHESS MAY RIGIITFULI.Y KX.CLUIH; ~LAVKS }'HOll Till-: 'n~ ltlttTOttu:s. On the Uth of M:tt'ch 1850 in the , I nlrea<l d f ' • :-peec 1 .. Y quote rom, ~lr. Douglas sa1d: nut you say that we propose to prohibit b I emigrating to the 'l'crritork!l wit! Y aw your propos\! no such thing W' . 1. your pr?pt.!rty. We mon with OUr 011'11 t . r I CCO{{nLZC your n:;ht, in COIIl- Y?ltlir property, ~~ nd' th~r~~~~og~~~~ nt~d t~~;·~ly'ern~or!eu·~> wilt~ na on to t.lte lawij you fi 1 ore!- These h ws in son lll:ly ncl n force in the country 1" wa or' tl'' . le rc~pect s, differ from our own as the. G 1e vartou:; 'l'Lt cs f tl 1 li . ' point!! from the laws of 'eucl~ oth>•s ~l Oll • vary. Oil some }>er·ty arc cxclucled by law in mo~'!~· or" ~me ~pccles of proas 'l'erriloriefl, flS bcin , un . , : re • tates as well the princi ples of somH? >ul~i~c, "!lmora~, or contrary to banker is prohibited f 1 c pohcy. 1< or instance, the upon one soh·"t ary que~ti•o u -\ndVl ~, e u on•,.r, re n,, e xc.e p•. Constitutional difficulties a'nci I even o~ th rlt, 1 ha l'e no ~~:, s~~~~~~~~;lc ;tt u ~~~e~ r!'n~csul i a{~~~~.~~·~~~~ ~~lL::~ ~sl ;r \~f, ~~~ e~ to break loose from tbe . instr'~;t~o~~o,~l c~l;·e, th c()refore, Appe ndi~, ·vol. 22, part I, pa{!e 3i8.' - .un(J. lobe, SI.AV.Io:RY 1N SJ<:W ~H:XlCO. ~n the Renate, on the 12th c.lay of Febx·uar 18o?, on th~ subject of Slave ry in the Tenito!' ·of}.; ew Mextco, Mr. Dou "'las said • y 0 • "If the question is controvert d h . I enter luto tlte discu ·sion of that e e~ e, am rcacly to UJ?On a. reasonablt! notice ancl to i~~~~tr~n at any time, ll,' ttut ecl authority ancl cor;14titutional !tnt:. by the C?n-lavery WIUI prohibited in l\l , aul torrty ?f l\Iexrco, a~·quisrtioiJ, nud that prohil>it~~rco at tlt.e ~une of the with tlte soil, and thnt when w n wn~ a cqutrecl '?Y us we a cqu ired it with that ntta.ch~dact~ut.~edt~lt~ t erntory, runtdug with the ~o il-and that mu 1 - ~a covenant l'l'lliO Vt!tl by compt!tent authorit st contlllue, unless W;l~ a prohibition thus att I Yj .And bccau:~e there alw ·1 y~ th 1 · . ac let to the soil, I hll.ve j,ust ; li~ l>le o~~L:~~~~ ~~s t~:~ ~~:;~s~f tt::~nc,~~e!i!l~t:y,falnd un- Statell, to rcquir C ope o t re free on the top of tlltl~ ()~;gr~~sh~o rut nroth er prohibition tn •nt that. I lnve v . as >~en t te strougt!~t a.rguHiavery in tit~ 'J'c:l'i~~r i~~g~~: .l;t~atu~t the p rohi bition of the a ccomplishment of th • 'r ttl ~v.~s , ~ ot ~~cce~sHr·y for 'fJOl 2~, part 1, pa{!e 34-'3. cl o 'J c.:cL. -<Am(!. (}toba, gon or Ualifornia with r1~t~1 1~~~itat,~·'t\~ ~o llklluuel'ota, Ore-pcrty by the laws of ::'\t!w York ·, t un may he pro- SLAv•:nv A AU~RI!: QUt:ST!OX or taken luto n 'tate ,: 'I' . ' >u cease~:~ to Ul! so Wil en CE.~1'S. DOLL.\RS .AND !Led by the local hi~ "·rrltot'j' whc.r~ bunking is prohib-ancl all the int.oxlcaiin~~t:i\~~~nt s~ITI.ts, wl!isky, brandy, ~ , hortly nfter the Illinois e lection of 18t58 siclered lUI propcrt.y ino lllO~t ~f ~~~c rs~O~Ill~ed and COil· ~ lt . DJ Ott~hts made a SOtltlr e t·n tout·, s tOj)[)l.!lg at' them; hut no citizen whether frotten tlt.,~teN~' ltflnot all of ot 0 '[ c·1n L11l tl' · ' 1" • ot· > or outb . ·'·d, '. ~us, D em phis, and ~cw Odeaus o.nd ' Ct! il:> species of pro•Jc r'ty with hir I h ' .lu t('I'EHn"' tile peopl . t tl I ' or u~e lt. at. hi~ pleasure in ·~I I U 'l' 't >!, anl old, sell, cal t ..• o e .l 10iie P a ces on politi· prohibit ccliJy the loc·ll!'uw '.ill Oc· ern orteH, because it Is f' NOpt<.:R. H e spoke Itt )f em phi~ Oil tile 29tll the 'l'c::rrltoq r and ir~ tl j I' lcgon, by t!te statutes of o O\' 1 • Congrt!ss j.;'< r .. Je nr Inn couutry by the Acts of fr J. ~'Ill )Cr, and the following is an ox tract Iris ~<hlv·~.· for ~hec~r<~n~'u:~~.:t!~~ tlte;e !Utd take and hold . onlt IllS ,<:Iwe.ch a' t't'por·te d phoiiO"'r·aphically others inl'olvln" simll·Lr '1 : lhese law~, and many Ill t le )hmrplll. Avala?tClte .· o no sectt·o n, and" ' impair' thep rri n'Iclllp le:.; ' arc• clir ec t e d ag-:u· ust "Whenever '1' '' 'l'hl·~· arc h•ws against Lite lu~ro~l~~;; o Stat~ of the Cnion. rluctious lll'Lk i:g i~r~\lor.r h :~..:~ a climntt, soil and pro. BJICCific kincls of pro Jert on, sa e and use of encouru ~e ' 1. le Interest of lhc inhabitants to North or the South o: fro~; tlu:~her I.Jroug!tt from the and giv~ it~ ave propert,v, tltey will )las~ u sluve code Glove, Append~, 'vol. ~2, ])~~·~ fnpc;~uu;~~. "-Cono. aud protluct;~~~~~.~~f~~~eut~· Wh en~~er the climate, ~oil And a.rrain . ' e . profitable, they will not ~e~~~rhoi~siiJJ~·'tY of Hlav~ry being " .1:'> • t.o the principle of d II· . · . ou conre l'lght back llut, Sir, I do not hold the l1 . where the llllUii' I o . MS and cent:~. 1 do not care n~y ~>r.>cdcs of Jll'Oj)erty l>y law ( ~ctrme t~~t !.? exclude from . if old J wut 1~11 G~ t !le southern countl'y COill l.'tl r or;ttiOII of nny right to propcrt~OI~ ll.n~ I er-rttor·y, Is a. Ohi.) 'and Net.~~ \'ta ' .. rdtjl!ng~ ~houl<.ll'!\ise a colony In Ja. ,,(g from most of the 'J' • • o j ou not exclude Ktron cHI ud Oil u rn .oulstana, lte would be the e:xelude wldsky from being ir~~rl~ries?. l>o you not woul<f find ,vic.'~t~ of Slavery in the whole South. he Uous of the tenitol·y of Ute un{o uced lnto large por- would be v~/ ~~~~ .1e got .t.here, his opinion of :-31a.,:ery cxcllu~ll! l£'1.lli~Jg.tablcs, which aret~~o~<~t~s? Do ~ou uot sugar plauta~~~~\l:llt~IOJ~Ih~d; he would find on those sue I 111 tbe l:itates where the a er y, recognized as the white tn·tn n as not a question betw.:en any one contended that the e:CI r~ tolemted? .Aud hns tlte crocodil'e a;~d Lite negro but between the negro and U.lld the ~xclu~iou of ardent spirl~:IOn of gfnbliug-tables, and tltt! ct·oc~dil ~ would say . that between the negro C<lntJtituLtona.J privilege or ri lit? , was a v o.la~ion of any tween the ne e e took th.e Side of the negro; but be-g And yet lt IS lhe case white xoon." g o and the white man, be would go for the .APPENDIX . 263 SLAVES AIU<: IH:COfiN!Z~: n AS 11 PROPKltTY" DY TUF: CONSTITUTION. On the 6 th of D ecember, 1868, Mr. Doug lus 1:1poke at New Orleans. The followiu"' quotation from his speeclr is taken from the report in the New Orlcn ns D e lta : "I, In common wi th the Democ racy of Illinois accept the l>rcd Scot.t dcci~ion of the Supreme Court or the United Stat .. ~, in the Drcd Scott case as an t\uthorltu.tlvc exposition of the Constitution. \vhatever limita· tions the Constitution, as expounflc rl by the courts Imposes on lite a~1tl10rily of:\ 'l'erritorla Leglslnture, w~ cheerfully r ·cngmze urHI re>~pcct in conformity with that decision. ~l:tves arc reco~nlzcd ns property and placed on an equal rooting with all other property. 'Hence, the owner of Rlnvcs-thc Rn.nte as the owner of any other species of pr,>perty - ha.s a right to remove to a Territory and carry his property with him." In the Sonatc, on the 23d of F cbrunrv 18_{)9, in a d ebate with J e ff. Davi!'l, Mt·. Dougla~ satd: "I do not put Slavery on a d i!Terent footing from other property. I recoj.(nizc it us property under whn& Is understood to be the deci~lon of the Supreme Conrt. I argue that the owner of slaves ha~ the sam right to remove to the 'l'erritorles and cnrry his sla vc property with him as the owner of any other spedes of property and hold the same, sul>jcct to such locnl lnws a~ tltc 'l'er~ r lt.orial Leglsl:tture may constitutionally pass; and if a ny person shall feel aggrlovccl l>y such local lcgllllntion, he may appeal to the Supreme Court to tel!t tltc validity of such laws. I recognize slave property to he on an equality with all other p roperty, and apply the same rules to it. I will not apply one rule to ala ve property a.nd another to all other kind of p roperty. "-Con,( lressional Globe, 1858-9, par-t 2, paoe 12b6. -·- TilE DRED SCOTT DECISION. Tu~: d cci~ion or opinion of the Supreme Court of the U nite d States on the question of Rl!tvcry in t.he Territories, and the power o f T e rritorial L cgi:sla.tnres to exclude it, enters so largcly into the pol i tical questions o.nd discussion~ of the day, thn.t it becomes de irnble to know what. the court decided. The follo wing extr·ttets will show the points of grente:st importalll'e in tire <lrci~iou . The case will be found at l<'ngth i 11 Vol. 1 !J of TI oward's Rcports. The Opiniou of' the Court, delivered by Chief Justice Ta n('~' , ~ ~ prccPcl(•d by h e ad-notcs of the Rcportt• t·, iuti' IHlt· cl l lt~ !l syllabus or epitome of the poi11 r,.; det.:id •·cl, und from which we make the followin g rxLrnct, (page 305): the Territory any article of property wllicli the Onnstl tution of tho United Btatea recogn ize~ as proper ty. '' 'rhe Constitution of the United St;tte~ rerognlzes shlves as property, and pledges tltc .l<'ederal Q-Qvernment to protect it. And Congress cannot exercit!e any more authority over pwpt·rty of that dl!scription, than it mny constitutionally exerci~e over pn>pcrty of n.ny other kind. "The net of Congress, therefore, prohibiting a citi zen of the Uniteu States from taking with him hi;~ slavi!S when he removes to the Territory in question to reside, is nn exercise of authority over private property which is not warrantee! by the CouMtitution, and the remov:d of the plaintiff, by his o wn~:r, to thnt Territor,y, gave him no title to freedom." [Senntor Benjamiu. o f Loui iann, in u speed1 d e livered on the 2~<1 of Mny , Hi()O, Htatcs tha t this syllabus was prepnT'ed nnd wri tten out by Chief Justice Taney himself.] The cltwsc in the Consti tution nuthorlzing Congress .Followiug these notes we havo the opinion t.o lllake all neerlfulrules and regulations for the govern- of the Court, whe re, after decidin!! that Con-menL of th(• territo ;·y and other p roperty of the United · , Rtatc~, applit's o11 ly to t er ritory within the chartered gr·ess had no power to prohibit Slavery in a limits of ~oll\e one of the t.atcs when they were Colo- 'l'c rl'itory, the chief justice p rocc d~ as follows ui t!S of () rc;Lt. Brit a in, and which was surrendered by (pno"CS 450 at: d 451) : the 1lriti8h Uovernment. to the old confederation of t ht! lltate~, in tlte t rcaty of pence. It docs not apply to "The powers over person ancl property of which we lerritor,v a cquired by the prel!ent Federnl Government, ~<peak, arc not only not ~ranted to Congress, but a re in by treaty or conquest, from n foreign nation. ex pre s terms denied, nnd they arc forb tdden to e xe rcl~c The United ~t.atcH, under the present Constitution, them. And th is prohibrtion Is not confine<l to th~ oonnot a cquire territ ory to be held 11.'1 a colony, to be l:ltates, but the words ore general, nnrl extend to the governed 1\t its ll'ill ;wd plea:lurc. But'it mny acquire ter- whole territory over which the C o n~ti lntion gives i' rltory which, at the titne, has not a population that fits power to legl~ltLte, lncln<ling tho!ie portion'! or It rema.ln· it to become a tate, nnd may govern it ns a Territ ory ing under t erri tor ial government, ns well as thnt countil it hns :t population which in the judgment of Con- ver e1l hy State~. It Is a total absence of power evcrygress, entitle!! it to be admitted as 11. St&tc of the Union. wlrcrc within the clomlnlon of lhe United St:\te!l, and " While it. r •nHins a Territory, Con~;n·~s may places the cit lzt•ns of a 'l'erritory, so far a.s tltese rights l cgi ~ laLc <'ver it witllln the scope of it~ constitutional arc concerned, on the 8atne footing with citizens of the powcr11, itt relation to citizenK or tltt! Uuitf:'d S l at e:~, and 8tat l!~, arHI guards them as firmly anrl plainly agaln~t may t:~ tabli sh a '1\:rrilorial Government., aud the form of any inr o arl~ which the General Government migM thil! local government mu~t be regulatefl hy the di~cre - attempt, under the plen of implied or i.nc.icl~ntal powers. tlon of Congre!l~<, hut With pnwl't'!l not ex ceeding thoRe And lf Congress itself cannot do this-1f 1t IS beyoncl the which Congret~s itself, by the C on~ titu t io n, is aut horized powers conft:rred on the Fed c ~nl Governmentr-lt ":ill be to exercise over citizens of tht! Uniled States, in rc~pect I atlrnitted, we presume, that 1t could not authonze a t.o. their r ights of persons or ri ~ ht<! of property. terri tor ial govt!roment to exercise them. I ~ could "'L'Ite 'l'el'l'itory t.hu.:~ a cqui r e1l i~ ar.ql.!irl!d hy the confer no power on any local government estnblr~hecl by people of the Untted State:~ for Lh~ir comnwn rtn tl equal it~ authorit y, to violate the provisions of the Constitution. hem fit, through t llci r ngent rtl icl trustel!-tlw Fcdt·ral "It ~eem~, however, to be supposed that there is a Government. Congress can t·xerci~e no power over thO! d ifft! rence betwec!l property In IL slave and. otlter.pr?rlgltt~ of J)Crsonl:l or properly of n citizen in tht: Ter ri- pert,v, ar~<l that drffcr~nt .rules may be. nppltecl to 1t 1n l.t1ry which Is }ll'Ohi blted by !Itt! Conatitution. Tit ~: Go· expnuntlrng the Oon~t1tut10n of the Uurtetl Stntl!!i. Antl vernment and tltc citizen, wlrenevl.'r the Territory is tltt! l:~.ws Rnd usages of nations, and the wri ting~ of emi'> pen to Hettlemen1 1 both enter with their re:<pcctive 11ent jurists upon the rclntlon of master nml slave, a.nd riglttlldefi ne<lanclllm itetl hy the Constitution. their mutual rights nnd duties, and the powers wl11ch '' Congrcs~ has no r ight to prohibit the ci • izt·n~ of governments may exerc!He over It, have been dweli nny p:~rt i cular ..tate or St at e~ , from taking up tlr t:ir houle!l upon in the argumen~. . . tlwre, while it p e rm i t::~ ci t izl· n~ of other ~tat<·M w tlo ~o. •' Uut, in con~t cl ermg the quest iOn bt!fore us, 1t musl Nor ltas it a r ight to give priv ileges tu one cllt~H or citi· l>t! borne In mind that there Is no l~n· of nations standzen:~ which it. re ru~e!l to nnotlre r. The Territory i>~ a c- in~t bet ween the P.eople of the .Umte~ S tate~ and their quirl'<i for tlte rr equal nud common hcnt:flt IIIHI,tf open govanment , and mter..!crlng wtth the1r r elation to each Ill any It must be opeu to all upon t:qual and tht! suute other. The pon•erR or the government, and the r ights termK,' of tlte citi zen uncl~r It, arc positive and prActical regu-k Every citizen has a right to t:lke wilh him Into lations, plniuly >Gritten down. The people of the United |