Political text-book for 1860 : comprising a brief view of presidential nominations and elections, including all the national platforms ever yet adopted ... with the most notable speeches and letters of Messrs. Lincoln, Douglas, Bell, Cass, Seward, Everett, Breckinridge, H.V. Johnson, etc., etc., touching the questions of the day : and returns of all presidential elections since 1836

Page 73

134 A POLITICAL TEXT-DOOK FOR 1860. tlon to the Con. titution of Grrnt Drltnin; noll their only complaint was tll:tt they were not permitted to enjoy the rights an(\ privileges of self-government, In the ma!lagc­ment of their internal all'airs und domestic conccrn8, 1n ac­cordance with the guanu1th:s of Lll:it l'nn~titution and of the coloulal charter~ granted by tile Crown in pursuance of U .• 'J'hey concedt•tl the right of the Imperial Government to make ail law:~ and perform all nels concerning the Colo· nics which were in their nature ]lltj)l'rial and not Colo· nia~whieh atrectctl the general welfare or the :Empire, and did not interlere with the "internal pollty" of the Colonies. They recognized the right of the lmpcrlal Go· vernl!lent to declare war and make pence; to coin money and c1etermine its value; to make treaties and conduct In· tercoursc with foreign nations; to r egulate commerce be­tween the several colonies, and hctweeu each colony and the psu·cnt couutry, and with forcl~n rountrks; and in general they recognized the rl t;ht of the l111pcrlal Govern­ment of (Jreat llritain to exercise all the powers and au­thority which uuuer our }'c(lcral Constlt ution, arc dele­Katcd by the i)cople of the several State!! to the GoYern­wcnt of the nltetl States. Hecognlzing and conceding to the lmpcrial Governm~nt all these powers inclndiny the rir;ht to in~titute vo-ver11~ rnentsjor ll1e c~loniei! , by grunting charter!! under which the Inhabitants residing within the limits of any specified territory might be organlzed Into a political community, with a government consisting of its npproprlatc depart­ments -executive legislative, and judicial; conce(Uug n.U these 'powers th~ Colonies emplialically denied that the Imperial Gov~mment bad any rightful authority to Impose taxes upon them without their consent, or to interfere with their internal polit.y · claiming that it was the birth­right of all Engllshmen-lou.llenable when formed Into n political community-to excrcL~e und enjoy all the rlgltt.s, privileges, and han~ unities of sclf-govemlllcnt In respect to all matters and tbmgs which were local and n ot general -internal and not external--colonial and not Imperial­us fully as if they were inhablt.ant.:~ of .Kngland, with a fair representation in Parliament. 1'hus it rt]lpears that our father:~ of the ltcvolution were •onlentling, 1~0t for inue'i>cndence in the lirst ln ~ tance, 'Jut for the lncsluuahle right of local sclf-goYernmcnt under 'he Jlritish Con:~titution; the right of every distinct political oeommunity - dependent colonies, territories, provinces, as well as 8ovcrdgn States-to make their own local laws, lorm their own domes tic Institutions, and 10anage their own intern~tl affairs in their own way, suh$ect only to the t:onstltution of Great Tiritalu a!i the paramount law of the empire. 'l.'he government of Great Britain had violated this lna­Uenablc right of local self-government by lL long series of ~cts on a great variety of subjects. 'l'he first serious point of controversy arose on the Slavery !inestion as early as lli99, which continued a fruitful source of irritation until \he ltcvolution, and formed one of the causes for the sepa­ration of the Colonies from the Tirltlsh crown. alway• considered this ns one of the ques tions Rfi'ccttn• her " h1ternal polity,'' over which she, iu common 'fflt.l. the other colonl~s, claimed "the ril{ht of exdu~ivc legbla. tlon in their provincial lcglslaturcl:l" wit.hin !.heir re~pec­tivc limits. Some of thet~e nets, part.iculurly those which were enacted prior to the year 1699, we re tYidcnUy In­tended to foster nnd encourage, ns well as to regulate and control, African Sltwcry, as one of the donwstic institutions of the colony. 1'he n.ct of 16!>9, nnu moRt of the enact­ments subse11Uent to that date, were as obviou~-ly designed to restrain and check thtl growth of the in titution, with the view of coufinlng it within the limit. of the actual ncces. slt.ies of the comnmnity, or it.a ultimate extinction a! might be deemed most conducive to the p nlillc h1tcr~si1J, by n sy~:~tcm of unfrieudly legislation, :>uch n~ iln]>oslng 11 tax on nll !!laves introduced into the cololl.Y, which was Increased nnd r •ncwcd from time to time, n~ occasion re­quired, until the period or the Hcvolut.ion. l\lnny of these acts never took cO'ect, iu con!lt'!tllcncc of the king wlth­hohliug his assent, even after the governor bad approved the enactment, in cases where it containe(l a claU!Ie sus­pending it~ operation until his mujesty's Jlicasure should be made known in tile premises. ln 1172, the provluclallegislaturc of Yirginin, after lnr· posing another tax of five per cent. on allsla\·es imported into the colony, petitioned the kin~ to remove 1111 those rcstrah1ts which lulJiuited hi!i majesty's governors nssont~ lng to such laws us might check 110 very pernicious n com­merce as Slavery. Of tlus petitiou .Jmlge Tucker snys : "The following extract from a pr•tltlon to l.hc Thron11 pre. !H'nlt·d from th H o u~>e of llurg<'l!~• ·!l ul \" lrg~nln, Aprh J~t, 1772, willl!how the s (•nse of the p~: oph: t>f Vlrglnln on tile Hub­j(• ct of Hhwer·y Ill thnt JH~rlod : " • 'J'hiJ lmporliLtlon of 11lavcs Into tl1c c·olon.v from the coast of A frlcn hnth long lie en consid<·rcu tis R. tr·uct · of' gr1·at luhu­mnnlty ; nnd unuer hs prest•nL l'n<·ouragl'llll'l•L Wtl have t110 llll(l'h I'I'IISOll IO f<'IU' Wlll I'IHll\ll~t·l· the I t>l')' (':tbti!UCI! of YOUT Mojesty'11 All1l' rlcnn dominions.'" l\lark the ominous words ! Yirginh\ !.ell~ 1 he king of F.nglaod ill 1172, four years Jll ior to tl1c Jleclaration Of Independence, that hi I:! 1\lajesty ':> A merit: an dominions are ir1 danger: n ot because or the ~lllll'll dutics-uot because Of the tHX On tca- r10t bccau~e Of h:s attemp~ to collect revenue in Ameri ca ! 'l'lwsc ha1 t' :; .nee heeu deemed sutlicient to justify r chcllion :llld rcvolutloo. llut none of these are referr ed to hy \'irgiuia In her address to the Throne--there being another wrong which in magnitude and enormity, ~o far eAcc.:ded these and ull other causes of c.omplaint, that tl1o very existence of his Majesty's American d o111inions 1lepcnllcd upon it! That wrong consisted in forcing Afri c:Ln ~ I a V(;ry upon a dependent colony without l1cr conllcut and i11 opposition to the wishes of h er own people ! The people of Yirgiuia at that l1ay diu IHJt appreciate the force of the :\l'gument used by the Bril bh merch:lllt~, who were engaged in the African slave-trade, and which WttS afterward indorsed, at least by implk:llion, by the king and hi:~ ministers; that the Colonic~ 11 ere the com­mon property of the empirc- a cqui cd by the common blood ~~1HI treasure--and the1 dore all Britbh ~ubj ect had the right to carry th eir slaves Into the col1 n ic~, and hold thc111 in defiance of the local law ar od in co lll~mpt of the wblres nn<l safety of the Colonies. 'l'he people of Viq;i nia not he'n~ l'OIH incc(l by th's proce~s of reaso nin~, still adhered to the <lnt·trine ll'hich they hclu iu comruon 11 ith their s:l<ter C(lluuics, that !~ was the birthright of ull frcem 11- inalienable 1\l~t·n formed int.o political cotUillunities- to ext·rcise exclus1v.c legi!llation iu respect to all m atte r<'~ pcrtaiu!ng to their Internal polity-~lavcry not e~ce ptcd; und rather thnn l'urrender th!H great r ight, they were prcpareu to with· draw their a llegiance from the crown. Again referriog to this pctitlou to the king, tho same learneu judge adds: b'or more than forty years the provincial legislature of \'irglnia had passed lawN for the protection and encourage­ment of African Slavery within her limit~ . Thi~ p olicy was steadily punmed uulil the n·hitc Inhabitants of \ ' iq.:i­nia became ulannetl for their own llafl·ly, in Yicw of t.he numerous and formidable trihes of Indian ::~a \'ill-{t's which ~urroundcd and threatened the feeble white scttlcmcntR, while ship-loads of African HHI' a~-:es were bciJ1g daily landed In their midst. ln onler to check nn1l restrain n policy which seemed to threaten the very eAistence of the colony, tJ1e provincial legislature enacted a Ia w imposing a tax upon every slave who ~hould IJe brought. into Virginia. The Tiritbh merchantR, who were ngago::u in the African slave-trade, regarding this legis latiou ~~~ injurious to their interests and in violation of their rights, p etitioned the King of England and Ills majesty's ministers to annul the obnoxious law, and protect them In their right to carry t heir slaves into Virginia and all othtW llri~ish colonies which were the common property of the empire - ac­quired by the common blood und common treasure- and from which a few adventurers, who had settled on the im­perial domain by his m~tje!lty'~ sutrerance, had no right to exclude them, or diserhuinate a gaiust th eir p1·opert.y by a mere provincial enactmeut. Upon n. full consideration of \be subject, the king graciously granted the prayer of the petilloners; and a ccordingly issued per emptory orders to the royal governor of Virginia, a11<l to the govcrno1-s of all the other Tiritlsh colonies in America, forbiduing them to 11ign or approve a ny colonial or provincittl en:Lct.meut inju­rious to the African shl.ve-tradt•, unlc~s ~<uch enactment Hhould contain a clause suspending its O(H'mtion until Ills maJesty's pleasnre should be made l.nown in the prernL~cs. "ThLc; petition \>rodured no c{fp(·l, as appears from thr firHI cl:Luse t•f our ( \ 1rginin) <:ons(ltlllion, wh•·1·c, nrnoug o1hrr acts of mil>rule th., inhum><n uo;e of the r(,yal no·s; ~t!l··· ln l'l•fno;lng u~; (lb'e Jlt'Opl~ of \"lq::lull\) perrnl.;"-;ton II> (•Xclll(lll Sl,wt·ry fn11n 11 ~ by Jaw, ill Pnuuwi·atcll among ll1e rensons or ~rparallng ft"(Jtn Cl1·eat l:kltaln.'' J udge Tucker, in his Appenulx to lllu.ckstone, refers to thirty-one acts of the provincial legi!!lature of Viq;inia passed at various periodl:l from 1662 to 1712 upon t.hc suh~ Ject or .African Slavery, showing conclusively ttUtt Virginia This clause in the Constitution of Virgin! a, referring to the inhuman use or the royal negative, In refusing the Colony of Virginia permls~ lon to exclude i::llllvery from her limits by lu.w, as one or the reasons for scpamting from Great. Hritnin, was ndopted on the 12th day o! June, 1776, three week.'i and one day previous to the Declara· tion or I ndependence by t he Continental Congress; and after remaining in force as a part of the Constitution for a period of fif~y-fou1· years, was re-adopted, wlthoul alteration, by the Convention which fmmP.u the nelf Constitution in 1H30, aud then ratified by tl1e people 1\8 • p:trt of the new Constitution · and wa'i again re-adopted by the Convention which tu~ended tbe Con~titutlon In loOO, and again ratified bv the people ll..'l a part <>f U\9 Mil. DOUGLAS O.N l'OPGLAR OVJ<;r.EIG~TY. .. , n l o 1 ortunlty of nnn\llllnf.'( the net~ of tl •e col• nl n ~, k~-1!.1:' . n anrl at this rlay rcrn nlnR.n pol II I 1 ~ •• I tli "inhuman u~e of till' royal nrgnt l\·... , amended Constltutlf I~IW of \'!rginia-pr<l ·liLinllng t<' tire tu:,!llS ~~I e oli ·r of the Colouli·H on the ~lavl'r) qlt(·~tt.on of the fuudanlent!t.t 'tllnt on<: of the ren~>on~ for H'1Htl'lL· I 11\HI IC 1'1 ( .(l.11'l'<"t llllt'l"Oil l~m to tlr:ll of the Brill:<h d Ito ! HI~tcn Y worl 1\IH ' .". H,.tain ..w as "tire 1. 11human ur~. "" .f th. , (1'1 \! . •~~.~ !<lIl l·lnH'(t · aa nd this H nt,a ,~... o rl. l~muot onIy .,\ r',ttu. I t. o the ling fiOlll o,.~·.'\n \~cruHing us (the Colon.v of,\ lrgur\.1) i~~~~l~;~:~'.~~~· of the prindpl• of local t~clf ~0\ f'rllllll lll Ull ihe royal nef(lltiVe • Shvery from llll hy law ! , . . I t ·rl u ~~·nl·ml corH·urn•lrC.:f' of op II on pemli~sion to.eHIU(~~,: >lnifL on this f'uhject IIlli)' he tr~ken t: olouH> lm\up1r<~~ ~l'~t to the qm·~tiou of ~Ia H I')' in the 'fhe l.cgbi:.LtiO~ o/ th .1cgi~lu.tivc en art rrlent~ of eacl.l or. and. ~L~;.io~~~ of th~ ~·ontiuental Cougn·~~~. "I lit-h .a!lsemhlell ns n f~lr ~arn,I:t~ o i ·!! ~howin" conclusively t I rat. t-la' e r j ~~~ol~; ~~~ 1~1:1llhh for the lir:!t time Oil the {Jth nf ~l'ptl·lllbtr, tbe tlurteen ...,o 011 ~.' 11 n!3o a clorne~ti c question to hi' ,1 _ 1 ,t( ( • wu.s I eg:trdcll l;~tl·il~:~1n~d by each colony to ~uit. lt~.elf: 1104. II ·14th of Oct oht•r the ('on~rt'HR O(lnt· t_, .,J a Htl~ of regardccl and c c cr f the Tiri ti'-h l'ltrl.am~nt Ol n IC , In th • fprln of a H•'I'H'I- of n ·!<Oln· without. till.! int ·.•.vt·~ll:~:~ ~~yal negn.t i ~c." Each colouy Tl-(1~1~ for I ~~~r ~~~~~~.:~~~~~ccdin~-; til the llrit bh (; pn •rnmt·n\ "tire inlrulntt~l u~c o . ·tmcuts IH"ginnlng at an eflrly t 0~1!<, ~ ~~ 11( ~·. '·ulale corrll11l' rce and do surh ol ll_l'r t hlny~ passed ll Ht'l'll'!! of cn~c. l!lingdowntothecommerH'e· thepo~ ~ · tolr q; lw ·lhr• of thC('lll(' il'l' , ll lthout ln- 'enotl of it~ lristory nn I ~11 ·ting regulating, or aK Hffl'c.:tcd I rc K ·ncra • I' I ' >f tht ( 'l•lonio ·« thl·y dt•· IOICIIt of the ltcvolutlon, eltllcr. liiJ:tnot~llc" re~llect\ve liurilll, tt-rfl'riiiJ.j '' lt.lr tllrc lnt.l'rna11l~1oll~ ()l (tn II frt·e a nd 'exclu~lve rc~trahu· ng f · .. >.J !avcry WI l " · 1 1 "'J'I · t t "'Y nrc tll ,· " · A rllc.m • ith their wishes a.nd suppus ·d c an·c . tt"l· ~ 'I'Cra l pro\'lndall!•gl~lat un•s, wlt<' re lhl•lr and in uccon ILIICC w C \' • f 1\owillg the ex power tn ll' lr . c . I I . In sen l'd in a ll t·a~I·R lntelt.'l!l~. .N n.rt.h and :.~t ~~nc~~~~~~L~I ~he lnt.1 od uctlon ril{ht of rcpn?s(;1~1 :~t~un 1f11\~JI\1~,;:•:; 1~1 ,~, il;~ t huH dd irwll 111 e ll1nple of Vlrgt~~~n~;~~ ~1tur~~~r increased l>eyood their wanlHI or .. ta~a~i.ol}ot~n~·ttilc~lrr:;ll'Y wcr~ conll'IHli nJ,!, thP 'on~~l:~.~ of $llL\'C~, un I atlelu Jled to check anc pnuc P e I f! lluwlnH "l'l·ac···ful )I P:r~uJC~>, aud nece~~ities, ~'·.he~l t~;e;r the in~titution, by imposing procecdc? t,o'I;H~opt ~~ ~~ou\<1 he Runiclt nt to lwtuce .com· rc~traiu the further ~~ow lo '\II tJiaves which should be which thcrl '\ .wt.Jc"t unci n "l!lnnahle dcm:uHl~. 1 ht·sc a high mte of tax!LlJOn up. u. : od finally in 1764, South pliancc w l1 t ICir .J.','" . 1'-it-lt·;! of ~td!ln·~:-~~ s tfl thl' \dill-(, brought Into tho!!C co\omcs..' a A. penally ~f one hundred " Peaceful M ea~u;es ~ o~~ the Jll'Opll' or Url'at Brltnin, Carolina pas~cd It htw 1·1dlJIOls\1;.gr~) for every negro slave to the J'arliamcn .• . ~n~ .. tion of non-lnt<· n·our~·· to he ob-ouudij (or hve hun!lre . l o ·I : , t.ogetber "Ill• ~~n .ls~ocl.L , . ·lr •ticvuoces should ~uiJsequcnt.ly introduced IIllO th:L~ c~:on{. 1!led on !ltrkt. s ·rved nrH1 mamtaincd so long .ts Ulc g The colony of (l •orj:(hL was onf n:,,Jnt~~\~~ •11 thlR polity ~cmaln unredressed. a~Rochtlon wliich wns a(loptftl antl-shwc.ry princ~pl.et-~, n~G ~:~di~hal~ltaJ~ts be arne con- 'l'he second 'lr·tlcle.~;(;h~lg'~~d h~ the' ucleg:ttct~ fr oll1 a~l for u. scnes of yetLt~, ;m I, ··u their climate nnd 1Jrorluc- without oppos wr~, ·~1 esc words. vinced by cxperlel~<.:e t ll~ .·.~~:ti:\1 t.o their existence, woul(l the Colonies, was n I . • • un·hu"e anv sh\\'(' hu tlons, slu.ve i~Lbor, If I~Ot es.~c I to their watcrial lntcreAt~;. " That we will nrlthrr '{':'j;~'.t.,~7,\.,~\,,.,a; ·urtr·r 'which rhnl! prove ucnellcial ll11l U!!~ u d andre ulatcd African portellnftl'r th firKL clay n j c\tfLVC tmtll' und 1\' lll rwtlh•·r Maryland tUlll Delaware prote~tcl tit lt io~R l'l•nn~yl va· we will wholly dhwontinl~e-rtRI 'nor will wo• • hln· our \'l't<~l'll<. Slavery us one of their d~~n~81 c 'ns \ I tiiutecl fou;·teen hi' con rrnwd In II ol~·r~~~ ~r ~nunufu ctun:fl to thnRt~ who are nhL uudcr t.lre advice of\\ llhttm T enn, su >~ c Roll for he re- nor f'u•U our ~,onunoc t e. ·e~r~' service and perpetual adscrlpt to t I . r r the total l'ngagt•d In it r with the~e nrtl c\e!'l or :vso­~ ll&.ry Slavers, nnd attempted to l~g1~lat~\;1oto? nuu-rlage 'J'l!i~ llill or Rig!ltll.' to~~~~l~e 8uhmitle(l to nne! ~clopted !ibOlition of ~l:wery, bul t.·l for e ~~~n:t'~~c\l~itv. 1'\ew-.Jcr- clatlonl, ';e;lec st~\t,~tt:~~tColonics in their re~pccuve pro-among ~hLvr~, :LIHI for tIC r P ' 1 d \f··i<"ll1 '-~ln.vcry hy eac 1 o . 1 BC 'ew-York, anll Com\C' ·ticutrecog_n ~e J ,· ( i\ t.hdr re· vlnc·itd L e~;u,h~tl~re!l. t hetwcen the Colonies an<l asyl~ dolllestic in~:~titutlon l:Lwfully ex;s~~ngl:,~~~f~r Its con· 'l'hns was dl~t.mtctl~l~~~~::ne upon which tlw l>ecla· SJ>Cctlve lilllil~ nnd pa~:>sed the rcqu e the p:trcnt coun ry ' •• fOUIHlc!l and the battles of troland r<:J.(ul'a l.t On. r l dt·pcndence was ' 't! 1 111 gerve mtlon o n ilt H luvolveil the spcc1uc Uhodc lslnllll pro\ ided hy law th:~t ~~?is·1\a~~n~c~o,\'l. ~~as to the Hevolution terre t~~u~'ol.onles-ucnied hy th.e l<!ng more thnn ten yt•nrR, at the en;t o IJ\ ·~~u1se to let birn J.(O claim on ~he pn.( too tl.le cxcluRivc right of lCJ;l~htllon be set fr •c. a rut if the master "lOll I . . d of !lcrvicc nnd Parltamcn -;- Internal concern!<, 8la1'6''.V free, or ~ol;l him ciKcwherc for~ lrlrr ~~~:li<~H which wa~ touching all,J'll~c~l ei~~'\he princip le in voir •d in ti re be was suhjt'd· to a Jll'nn lty o or ·Y P I I 'the value of included. ~ s > l tire Co\oul:;ts r efused to per· suptJO~e(l 'It tllat pcrio(l to he uearly dou • c contest, a maJority o I tt1e Declnr:ttion of lnde· the t~l·a n· ' 11 s laveR rm· t t h ct· r delegates to s tgl ne rllst\nct conrllt·l on ..t nu·' e•x · Mll~"Sitc:hu~l'll~ impo~:~cd lreavy tn xcs, u~~~~~e ~~nstance~ pcndence exc.ept up~~ch Jcolony or the excluslv~ rlt(hL brought Into ti re l'Oiony, and provldtll 11~ . I · and tlnnlly press reservatiOn t~ I 'ts local concern ancl pollee re· for sending tht• Kill n~:~ l'ack to their nat v~ lWC : s Into 'the to mannge nnd con ro 11tcrveut I on of any grneral Con­prohlbit• d the irllrotluctlon of any n101e shtvc gulations withou t the ~~ bll ·hed for the nitcd Colonirll. colony undel· nny dn:urH:;tunceH. I i ·1 e designed grcss whiC~1 might 1~\~s ·ae r~Sel·vations as a 1\pecill\en of Wilen Nt~w- ll arnpshirc p:tssed laws w 1 c 1 w~\1 e Hl'itish Let us Cite one o a\s that Lhty were fi~htin g for the to pre\'Cnt. th(· lntroductl_un of any m?re_ ~lav~s\,Ve:1twortil: all, ~howlng conclusiv~a'\scl f· overnment, with .the c~r:t: C':\hlnet i~sue(1 thl• f\lllowmg order to (,o, ern~ an law lm- !nallen able right or ~~h en the~ had succeeue(\ Ill tll l.ov. "You art> not to ~he your IL1:lscnt to, or tn. s N : llarop understanding th~t" ! the .13ritish I'ILrliament, no t:oo· >oslrw duties upon n ·grocs Imported nto e . • ing otr the despotism o to '·o ~:~ubstituted for it: t • ,.. • 1 dcspoti~rn was u slnr<!." I lies exhibits grcsstOna I In I..'Oil\'Pnilon 1\0Krmhlnl, While the let-:h .. tation of t.hc several CCI or r lltercsttt "We the Delr~tntel! of :-.rn?~~n<\~t Hrtudn hari ,·wlal !'ll hill diH~Imihrit y of viewA foundPll on~~ di versity o 't . lv ·ly do tlt•(·l'l\rll thLLt the Klllg o u ~~~;~t tln·y •>Wr no lllkglurwe to on ·the 1'ncritH and pol'icy of Slaver~ • 1~t. sh~';st;ti~~~L~~cting t•ompa~ w11~v~h~l~c~~~d;.eelt~:~ght It jiiKL and 1'\"c~~~~~{o.:~~·~(~f that they 1111 r cf..(nnkd it a, n. domcs.lC q e . entitled hllll. e 11 ulles lu CongrcJ;S to joll~ " tr lnu•· wndr·n1 their in tcm:LI polity. in r eRpcct t.o '~·ll.lch ~~~~1~~~~~ several 11oow01~~![ d:t~nlcs ln Ul'<·.ltu}n~ ~111~1\1c~·~~~:~~~~~·tWl'l'1n llwrn, toIL fuli !UHI exclu::.JVC power of legiHiat I IC(Iiately pre· Stall'S In framiHg sud\ fnl t.h"r de~ :uloptlng Slll'h ot ht•r m~>a provind:lllq~iHIILtureH. For n few y~a~frl~~n slave-trude ln maklug forcig.'l all~~·:~~~~~ry for the pr ·~~···,•atlon of Lh~::r.t ceding the Arm•rku ll ltevolutlon, the 'tl I ('overnroent sureR as shall be JUdge I tl !Jie WIIS cncourag ·ll nnd stimulated by Uric n;\,~~~~: merchants' liberties :.l l The I!OIO nnd exclnslve r~l~l of br~~~~ae..'~~tl to and carrie(! on with more vigor hy L 1e '1 " r · tl e Colonies~ "y,~L"~«'[1\y nod government of Lhlll I.Jo ony t: thnn llt any oth<:r period U1 tl~ e hl!!tory lo e;truonlinary ln~erlc~~ >foother cof. calla nrw ('onvrntlon for and this fact, taken in connect.1on w~~~1 t\ ~ to the net re· lll" \vc lb~tve ulf'IO thought propr:v~or!•'lwnt In thl11 {'otouy. claim aK~crtctl in the mernomhle P• .un > ~ scssccl the llle purpose of CAtabllshing ad~slre of lnd••JH'ndt-nc<', lnd(~efd pt'alinf,; the ~>lamp dnticR, that "l'arliarn~n. ,P0~, n.ot only "No ambitious vlcw~·~0form a union whh (bll oth•.'r t~~: right t.o biud the Colonies in nil. c:u;cs wh :\t~' c; ;vclfare of the pc~pte of r.ta.~y!~1° rxcmptton from J'~ rll?m1(f~~;1~.,R the In respect to all IUltttcrs n.tfcctmg the g~.:nerl\ . ·ILtions nleR. o proc,~[.JUe to the t.eglell\lurea~ ol Lhj ~~ll·r·naJ l'oUty' the emvire, \ntt al~o ill re~-;ard to the 11~111c,~l~ ~~~erful (lot,:~~ t~x~~:1slve rl~otht of 1·egula\}'~~~~~~!f,11n tnviol.alu o\1r and intt·rnal polity of tho Colonics-pr~( uce d im arted ~~~tL~ our orlgluo.l and only m~oUv~.nlrnpsu·cd to l~oHtt•rlty' WK.8 lmprcs~;ion upon the mlndR of the coloml:llR, ~~1 ln tll~ <:On· llbortirs, and to trao11m.tt th;~'ext, lo l'Ontinuo connf'('(('tl ~~~ peculiar prourincucc t.o the principle Involve uur duly and first wl11h ', ~u l l.-iJJlin. !''or tl1c t.rurh of \ ~ ~. trOI'ers ami d •pendent on Orc~hAt AJJnighty Br ing who I 'I emp 'UI I BenZ: the cn;LetnH'nts hy the severn.! C01f1111:~v~~~~1;~ as•1•rll~nt cf~:OP~~~·~?ter of llc~triJI, 1wt\\1!1]W~u~~h~~~~~tt.~j~,; tur ·~ cakul:LLL'd and clcHi~-tned to res~rnh~ lUI\ Pt.he orders ('~~~Y :/n~ne IR conccn\t'd. R~~~ j1~8u~e of our cnnRI', W'6 Increase or r;\a I'I.'H; ;Lnd, Oil the ot er HLn(. '! 0\' el·nors ~;;t&R.o.lstnnrc/ l~lld Ll'UIIllnf.tuous citizen lO join cm·rlinUy In b.~UC(I h~r thl• 'rown ln~tructing the coloni.L g . diclal c>lhOrL tilld eonJnrc every!~ II! and ln rntLI.I\lonancc of the !re&o not to ~~;'II or [lcnnlt. :wv le:,;is1ative enactment prc,Ju . ct- dcfL·nAr or our comm~•,l r ltco,Ionlcs" or .t njuri"o uH to the Arn. ea· .n s 1a ve-t rad e, unler:::~ sue 1 cnUa dorn of l.'.·..'.."., am1 h 'r ~~ ..~. .er · d d t the 1 1 Oovernroent a opte or ment r~honltl cont :Lin ~~ clau~e suRpen(l\ng IIR ;t~e~ t~~~ The first plan of Fe< 0~~ durin~t the l{evolutio", and I• w1tll tl•e r(lyal ple~sure should he m!'de knold'1o.ve an United States wn.s forru~;t prcmlsc11; or, U\ othor word!!, w1tU U1e lc.:!lg shou