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Show 6 132 A POLf'l'fCAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860. q~est.ion t This qnest:on is very Ingeniously nnu cun- n:ust burst '\nd be rent 1\S d mngly put. so 't J·' t . I . un et·, or tho child mu•t dl '1'1 • HI ·k R 1 1 wou u " Wit' t.llls grent o t' o 4. tc ac Ct:Jubl can cr eed lays It down exprcsslr iav-rcai'e grow in l~th n. . ' .. a aon. With our natural tha~ undea· no cu·cum:stanccs :.hall we :\C CJU tre any llloi·~ JHtrt of tit • lot g .' ' raJ.>adaty unknown in any other terntor.v un! ss Slavery i:> first prohibited in the countrr. ing from ~ ~ >t~' wt~h t~le taue or en .. gration tbnt is fle&o l ask i\lr. l.uJcoln whetht.'' : .e is in fa,·or of that propo~i- out· own ~~~~~~~~ ~sn~ ~~ ~~ ol<l worlu to seek refuge in t.on ... A.re yon (addres~ing Mr. Lincoln) opposeu·to the oountry 'that re',suf· const,\nt torrent JH>urinl{ into this acqul-..at\On of any lllt1re territory, unde r any clrcum· l which toM •ttl• I a~s more 1:\nd, more territoJ·y u on t>tan~<'~, unll·ss lavery is prohihlt<'d in It? That he dut>tl destiny rc<~uia~ ~~~~~;(I t.~~~ fas~ ItS our Interests uud ~ur not hke to an~wer: When I ask him whether he stnnd:! 'outh or on tla, \ l \ wnt tern tory "' the ,:.Joa'lh, in tho up to that ar'tJcle In the platform of hi . pat'ty !Je tUI'ns j when 'we. . . e. s a.nc s of the occa'1, 1 am for it nnal Yankee-fashion, nncl without nn:;wel·ing it, ' a~ks m~ the Ncbr•;~t~ul"·~l']."''ll leave Ule people, accoruh;g to whether 1 al~l in fa veil.' of ncquirlng tenltury ~vitl;out re· j ecL of Sl· , . 1•. ' II ~e '?do as they plt-~tse on the sulJ. ~r' cl to how IL may aUcct the Union on the Slaver.< uc:;- 1 tnt· .L, CIY ,t~ ll cveay ?ther questiOn. t.wn. f answer tlliLt whenever it becomes ncccs]nr~· in swcrcu ~n~~~~v f th,~t l\.lrt Llllcoln will deem himselr nn. Ot~r !:P:ow~h and J~rogr.c~s, to !lequire more territory, dlat iu <lcvisill • th '~~~ J!Olll s., .lie racked his l>rain ao much 1 .tna Ill f,Lvor of tt, without reference to the question of s •If llg I e::.e four quet:>ttOlll:i that he exhau·tod bin t)la very, fLnd when we h;wc acquired it I will le·we th Ac , !LJH ''\' ~~ot Htrcngth enough to invent the othe~· peo_P ie free. to do as they plca~e, eit.her 'to make 'it slw~ I ~:~j~oy n~ •. I? IS al~lle to holJ a council with his advisers' or lrec tcrntory, as the" Jlrefea· lt l·s l'cllc to tell ' ' ·' , •.L!llSWOtt l, and l<'l·cd Dourrfa-.:; he \Vl'll f ·a ' I · -( · me or 1 anu prOJ>Ound otl . . (" 0 "' · • 1 .me )'lJU t tnt we h;~ve terntory enough. Our father _ . . leiS. ood, good.") You lll pMerlthat we had en ough \Vhen our territory e~t!ns~~~l ~~e~~uiJ~Jcn;;s wh1 say good, I h:we no douiJt think t~~~ ~o the -'1 is~i~i ppi Jtivcr hut, a few year!!' •rowth ·. I I me a g?u Itt en. I lla ve r eason to recolle t h p:u1:i~~~~ .satisli.ctl tlac111' that we nee;lcd ~norc, ~:~:~ ~~~ ~0~1~; p~opv~ 11~ this ~ountry t!link that. }'re<l Dou;ln~ ~! J~oua.~a.tn,\ len;~t?ry, from the wc!ll I.Jranch of the '-'lis:. is- , .. { goo~ ~Jl,\11. . · 1 he last tune I came here to make a 8tppt.to the Bratash possel:lsions, was II CC) llired. 'l'hen we ~p_~cc I, tlllf\ ~alktng. from the Rtanu to you, people oC llC(!llll'ecl Oregon, then California and 'cw lllexico ' ' I t.:~Jl.o.r. ',lUI .w~ tl omg t?·day, 1 snw a carria e an ~~a~e cnou~h now _for the present, but this Is a yo~;~~ ~;1~gtul~c~:~~ ote at was, <lnve up and take a lh~iiion ~~ ,uH a grollmg natl\)n It swarms ns often ns a hive of .'c. ou ~ll eo the crowd; a IJcautiful young lad was hees, and .as n~w swarms arc turned out each yea tl . ' sltt~;~g. O~l the uo.x-s.eat, whibt .Freu Douglass nn~ I ;nus~ be 1 1 1aves an which they can gather and ma:~ t~;~i; :~~~c:le~ 1 ~~.lm.':d 1m ·.1tle, a.n~ the owner of the ca~ri;;~ \Olley. n. l~s:> than fifLeen years if the :,am • ' . ' " s t uvea. lMw tins m your own town. (""'I. that has <~tstmgui~hcd thi:; count;·y for the ~~ .rr~~~~~~~ ~'[.'t ~I>{. .Alii l~nvc to suy of it is tlli:~, that if you llln':: yea.rs contanues, every foot of V'lc·mt land I.J t I. cpu ac.m~, thank that the negro ought to IJe on~ . 1 ~ntl the ~>acific <?cean, owned ~Y the United ~t':f;l:!n ~ ~~~ e~~~~it.y "'.ith your '~·ives and daughter!! anu rid!01~;1la ue occupaed. )\'111 you not continu . ' va caalt.~ge wath your wafc, whibt you driv .' I' enrl of tif~cen year~ us well as now ?e It~etlt'l~~~a~~ :\t' t~w have pcr~cct .right to d o so. I am told t~att1~1~~~~\~.ou ~nd multap,ty, and cxpanu, ~~ the law of thi~ n~tio~;,cas~, ~-ou.~\:u;:; ~ ktn.~:~men, another rich l.JI :Lck n egro is n:~ IJ~~r~c~~ }.liou caan?L limit this great Ht!pul.Jiic by ~~~;~ h\:' ~ :~g Jn i'~'ll plart of the State making spec~hes for . <' ~t nes, say!Og, ,, thus far shalt thou •o anti ,, . r u ,luco n as the champion of black men ~~~~~~~n tAn{ one of you gent Ieinen might ~s 'wells~; ~~~ ~j~'·'~'~t h~t~e i?u ~~say hgainst it Y") All I hal'e to sny must not gt~~~ v:n~e;~~sgc~:da;:::\tn IJ~r~~e~i~o Cl~~~\~11, :l;l.u ncgr~ is.s)~tol~~ce~~~~~~~ :~~~~~~s;h~f roo~e':l:l\~~c~e~~~~~~a~\~e growt!1 put a hoop around him to keep hiLII Ito he;t ha:» you ~ocaally, p olitically, and legally ha~e a ;ight {o enk ocnt SLZe, What would btl the result? Either tile l pre- tL~rtutn those opinions, aud of cours'e will vote for "lr lOOp 1 tliCO!O, " ----~---- l'OPULAl~ SOVEREIGNTY IN THE TERRITORIES. n y S '1' E r II E ~ A · D 0 U G L A S . From Harper's lllagazinc l 5!>. UNotm our com~>le . t ' llut of A • . " x sys em of government it Is the fi. din~ line ~e~~~~~~~ st.atcst~len to mark Ji.:itiuctly the tli~~~ 1 ~~·~~fc~'l~o; .an~ sl~ve labor, Free States and Slave States, this with accuracy ~~?o~~~l and. Loc.u.l Authority. 'l'o do lncrea~r~~~: ~~~.oncil~ble, and must continue to rage with POII'ei'S U.IHl duties of the /.3n ~~qO~llry, not only into the the annihYJatig' u~tg tbehone shall become universal by Constitution but al . e er.l. overnmeut unde1· the emlu 1 ° 0 . 1e o.t er. In the language of the most munitics of t he peo~l~~~~~ ~J:e :·!g~a~s, P.rh•ileges, and im- faith e lt anu authontatlve expounder of their political the ~tates composing the U e. I ear~tones, as well as of "1: I and functions of the J.'ctle•·al 111 ~\ 1'he relative powers Ins.: for~ ~11• lrrcpresslble conflict b!'twecn opposing and cndur· become well understood . a~ l ~ate governments have soonn /}1~ 1'af~1~ ~t .means lh!Ll the ~nited Htatt·ll mu~l and will. practical operatioll and 1 .uH c ~arly rlefined by their or cutlr·1 , 1y 1\ }·. cfo~ne either entu·P.ly a Klave holdlng na11on !:!cries of ears. ' '• Hu:monaous action foa· a Ion fh!ldsofSouth '.ee· a or nat.iou. Eithe r· tho colton and rice the right ~f th ' \1 l.llle the disputed que~tion-iovol ,· g will ultlmat!'l <.:~ro~l·7ta,dnntlthe suqar plantnUons of Loulsl:~na . e people of the 'l'e rl'itorie 1 lllg New 0 1 Y o 1 e by free labor, and UhariP~ton and ~cl ves tu respect to th~ir toc·ll au· . J to govern the1u· or e~· ~h·an~ become marts for lcgillmatc mrrchaodlsc nloue remains a fruitful source of 1 , .u.ar.:; an .i~lternal poli y - New::~o. 0 rye flt:l11s llnd wheat fidds of Mtl~sat·busctts and controrersy. 'l'he politicl 1 .t,al ~ts.u.1 stnte and sectional Alave cultk ll\uR~ again be ~urrender~rl by thrlr farmers to iu 18.'>4, and h:ls assuu L·tt' ~alll7.at ton which was formed N cw· York~~~e~n to tho productiou of sltwes, und Ho~ton and Party is uascd on tl 1 1 e t le name of tlae Jt e!>Ubli··a11 UJlcl soul" of mom.? once more markets fo1·trade ln thu boilles · '· 1e t 1eory tiJat Af· ~ ., en. CXISI!:I 111 t II is countr . . 'a can Ia very :ll:! it In th Ill' liocial, moral aud oft·'.~ .ut <:vii. of such magnit~dc- was ad e moi.:J canvass or 1858 the enme propositlo11 exertion of the en~,.~ ICa~~a::; to ~ust.ify and require tile licnn st~~c~.teg ~n~ de~endeu by the distinguisf1ed Rcpub-ral Oovernmcllt to tl pfollller and wtluencc of tile L'ed '- • .Lr -uearer Ill these wordg ; according to their int1eer u· ~ e-x.t t ! nt tt•1 at the Constitu" tioIn! a c"rIl nI m~ ?:'or 1I ) l·O ll It (the. II\VI'!'Y aj::ltallon) will nol Cl'BKP. until mate extiuction In th~1 l!~a t?n, will J>Ct'lnit for its ulti~ u.ga~l:t· lt~~lf~tuve been 1·eal'hod and pa~setl. ' A Jlonsc llll1ded at Phila.delphia by tl 1 , P <~t ?rm of principles adopt.cd not e;adurc. cannot stnntl.' I bellev~ thiH ,:tovl•rnuwnt c~n· In lb56 it is atfu d1e .epuuhcan National Couv t' expect the -1r crmru~t·nlly half sl:lve and half frt:c. I do not ", , • me ; ~;n IOU <livid •r o.nse to fHII , but I do expect It will erase to be lhat the Conslllulion roa 1 f.. tho 0 1 ' I. ll w•llbt't.'Qrne nil one tltln~ o1· all tho othr1·. ~:JthPr P?W<·~ ovt, t·llH· '1\:rriaorks ot 1j 1 1,;' ~l pon ('oncr•·•~ ~O\·r 1·ei~n and ~~.'~r~ents of ~lavm·y w ill nrrt•st tht~ furth t•r spr·rad or It, ( r1r:tc nt, and that in thu rx.·r . 1 , 1 1 1 !11 ;-•il :O,ial•·:~ li 11· lhl' ia· gov. it lst'/t1c~ it whcr<.l the puhllc mind shnilrt•st In tht· hlllll'fthat l;g ~.and till' duly of Congr,·~~· Ill,. 0 . : ) ~ P•lll'··r ills bmh th •· Jush r: ~·l.('OUI'flll or ultimate extlnt·llou, 01' 11!1 ILth'OI'lllllKlfiU t lOs• twm n·lics of buri.Jarll!t;l Ill I !~: 0 •II: at l11 !h•: 'l'erilorleR !._~ltl , or " ~rd till It Rhall hecorue nllkt~ lawfnllnnllthr :ilatt:e According to the theor • 1 ·1 "'1u11 .1 nnd ~ l:t\'f'rJ." I . as wd~ as new, North as wcil as ~out11." • is an irr<'prt!esibie conflic[ ~f the Ht!publicun party there r/hrs It wall be seen, that under the auspices or a poetw~ eu Frceuom and 81 ... 1-ery j t: tca p~rty, whkh claims sovereignty in Congress OI'Cr ' te subJect of Sir\ ,.o. v then~ cau IJc no pe.u:c on tbe MlL DOUGLAS 0~ POPUL:\.R SOVEIUdG~TY. 13~ !Ita very que~tion-no truce in the ~ect:o na I ;;tr ife- no rrr,- . ternity IJetw '·en t.he North and ~outh.' :~.o ton? as this Uuir>n remain~ ns our ftLthers m;ttlc lt- dtvad e tl 11110 free anti 8~a1ve i:'tatl'~, with the right on the p :~ at o f each to r~tuin ~hwcry so lung ali iL chooa:;c:o, and to ahol !lh it wheucVc!' tltn creator; an1l that Conf.(reH!I, ti()L po,..·U:!SSIIlj.\ the lJ\IWe r to lc)o';islalc in rc:-;pcct to Atrican !:ib\' ·ry in the 'l'e1 ritol'lc,;, canuot <I ·lq.;ate 10 a 'l'crrltol'ial LcgL~lature auy JIO\\Cr wbich it do ... , not it,.df po:-1-'l',."·" 'J lli:1 pro position is a~ Jlla u::.ihl ·as it i:; fallacious. Htt! the rc I" •r.:ic ul it is true us a 1{\'lh!rtll r ule. Co11~1 cdM cau lll)t d ,..Jq{atc t<J a T ·n itorial Legislature, or to all) oth11t bod/ Of lllCll Wl Htt:<Ot:\'C r, any }101\' t.:r \1 hich the OllbtitutiUII hu.:i v ested in Con~rc;.s. 111 other wor t!!! : L'rery jJlJIIJ'IJI' ('(J11./~I'I'I<i !Jrl (011(/f/M {!J the (IJ,dl/ l<(ll-11 m u.,t lJt! ca.·;;rl'i8<'d by ( 'oii(/J't..lid in the mode j)J'«t•·ribc<i in the. ( im.,titutiou. \~ ptca~e~ . On the other harHl, it would be uncantli<l to deny that, 1 vltilc thP l!tauocratic JHtrty is a unit in it:~ ia rcl'O ilcllahlc oppo~ition to the doctl'i11c~ 1tnd priuciple~ tlf tht· ltcpnu· lic1m p11rt,r, there :tre radical ditfcrcnt:cl:l o f opinion in respect to the puwe s and duties of l'ongre:as, ;~nd the ri!jhiH ;llld 11nmunitie,; o f the pcopl • of tlw Tc1 ritol'ic!! un1lcr the Ft:tll·ral Constitution, which !:lt:riously d :ot ta.IJ it.\! harnwll,l' and tllrc:-~t •n it!:! iu Lt'gTil.Y. 'I hc:-~c dill\·rcuccs of opinion ariHe front the d :llertnt lnLcrprctations plltced on the Const itution l>.1 p e rso n ~ who belong to one of the follvwing clllHf-eH: Le t ll:! lc"t l1 1c (;tJrTcCilll·!'!'l of th i~ propo~itim t hy rcft r· CllCC to the powers or Collgn.;;a; at~ ddaucd ill the LuU:.LiLU· lion: "Th<' Cout;rrs~ Rludl hr~.vt• pt)Wt·r- " To Jay tlllt.l cu ll · ~:l ltlX<'S , lllltlt'l\1 Imposts, :tnd t·xeL-. .. ~ ." Ji'il'.~t. -'l'ho:-e wlao 11 •lie\'C that. the Con~titutlon of the United ::\tat e!-\ n either e"tabli:-hc:; nur prohibit!; t'l.wery iu U1c Ht1ltes or 'l'crritori<':; beyond the power o f the people legally to cont rol it, lntt ·' lca\·eg the people thereof pcrrec•. ly free r,o form and regulate their domestic Inst itutions l tC. ; "To IJorrow IIICHH'Y.Oll tlH' t rP till of lhl' \ nllt•d !'-Iiili'S ," in their own 1\:ty, subjt·c ~ only to the Constitution of the United Stall.'~. " "'I t> f'l 'g'III .Lll' COillllll' l'l't' llnd ton·igll fltt lltlflll," t 'l t. ; "Tot'!>llliJii"h II. ulllfrtrrllrUit· or lla llll'HII7.a lltlll l'' I II'.: '' To C'uin 11111111')', and l'l',t:U ta lt· til<' ,·alur• alwr, ol' ;" "'1 II \'SIIIldi:;h fiOlll ulll l't'.S Ulld IHISI l'<l!lliS ." "Tu t·CHISilllllt· ari hUIHtiM lnl\·rlor 10 the ::.upn·nH·l <wrt ." tl 'I o dt•f•h\rc ,,·:u·. " t'tt~. ; "'J o pr<l\'ld1· anti nudntuln IL 1111 \'Y .'' .St<cowl.-'l'ho~e \\lao IJc·licvc that the Con:>titutlon establishc · ~Ia \cry in the 'ferrito rie~ , and withholds f rom Congrc~s and the Territorial Legislatu re the JIOWer to coutrol it; ;u.d who ilasi ·t that, in the event the Territorial Legi:;lature fails to enact the requisite lawt; for ill:! protection, it uecomt·H the impenLti ve duty of Conw ess V> \nterpo~c its ILUthority arul furn i:>h such protection. '1'/rir<l.-'l'ho'!C who, while professing to bclie\'C that the Con~titution e~t:Ll1lishes Slavery iu t he Territories he· yond the power of (Jongre~s or the Territorial LC'gisla ~ ure to coutrol it, aL the same time protcsL ugalnst the duty of Uon:;rcl's to interfe re for its protection; I.Jut lusi~t th rlt it is the dut.y of the .Judici:ny to prot.ect and rnaiuta.in ~lavery in the Territories without auy law upon t.lle suhje<:t. This list might h~; extentlcd 110 a:1 to cml•nH'C all lilt: power confern:ci 011 (.' ongrc~:. hy the (.'on,..titution; but enou~h has IJ ·en <:ltt·cl to tt·t;t the p riudpk. \\ ill iL l11· coulclldcd that Co ngrc1-s ran cl..t •gate 1111) Otll' ol thcst· powr.:r::~ to a. Territoria l L ·;{i..,Jatnrc, or (() 11 11)' tribunal 1~hat c v e r? C:w Ct>ngrc~s dcll'gutc to 1\an:-<a'i tile 1 O\lt'r to" r •gulate comu1ercc," or lo .!'\ t·hi"tbka the power '' to c~tablh!h uuiform rules of naturalizatio11," or to l llia:oi~ tht power" to coin money and rc~ulat\' the value tilcreuf," or to ·\'irginia tue po11 cr " to Cbt:thlbh po:,l·onicl'S and post-roaus ~~~ 'l'ho mere statcm •nt of tl1c 4ucstion cnrric~ with it tl.c lly a careful e xamination o f the seconcl and t.hircl proposit ions, it ~.·i ll be ::.cen that the advocates o f each ~ grce on the tht> ort- ti cal questi on, that the Con titulion Cbt:liJ· lishe:; ' l:iV(•ry ill the Tcrritori el:l, anu COillpcls them to have it wht· ther thev want iL or not· and dirrcr on the practica l point, whet.hcr a. ris;Jat secur~d by the Com.tituti m shall be protected by 1u1 act or Congrcs~ when all o>her remedies fa il. 'l'he reason as:~ign ed for not pro· tcctiug l>y htw ll right secured by the Constitution is, thR.t it i~ the duty of the Uourt:~ t.o protect !:\lavery in the 'l'crritories wiLI.lout !LilY lc 1~islation upon the subject. !low t.be Courts ILl c to :dl'ord protection to sl,wes or any other property, wlat're t.here is no IILW p rovi(lii1 J; 1'1.'111\llli(;S anu 1mposiug pen:dtietl :wd conferring jurisdiction upon the co ~rts to hear !Hl<.l determiue the cases as they arise, romaam; to be t>-..platned . The a cts o f <.:ougrc'l!l, establishing the several Territoljles of the Uuited !::\tate'>, provide that: "The jurisdiction or the ~c.veral Court,; h erein provided fo r, hoth appellate and ong111al, and th ;tt of the l'rouate Courts anti.Justices of the l'eac<• bhall be lirnitetl by law"-meaning such I awl! as th~ Tc: rit o ril~l Ll'~blaturcs shall from tiuae to time enact. lt will be seen llt<lt the judicial tribunals of the 'l'cnilorie' 1Jave just such jurisdiction, and only such, in re.;pcct .t~ the rights of persons aud property pert.aining to the cat:zc1H of t he 'ft! rritory as the Territorial J_,egit~lature shall ~ec fit to confcr; and consequently, t.llll.t the Courts c:tn :tll'orcl protect ion to pc1·sons anti property no ~ ur!h~.r .uum the Lt:tci:;lature shall, by law, coufe1· tl.l~ JUrtsllactaon, ami !n·cscriuc the remedies, penalties, auu wode:; of procccllang. It is 1lil1it:ult to conceive how any person who belicveB that t~1c l:onstit.ution confers the right o f protection in the cn~o,vm ent of slave p roperty in the Territories, rcgn.rdl~ s ?' t!le w'<.he:; of the people anu or the :tction of the 'l.erntonal Ll'g ~l:Lture, can sati ·fy hi::1 conscience and Ins oath of Hdd ty 10 the Con:;titution in withholding such ~ongres:; on:tllt:J!:i"lation as may l>e essenLial to the cnJ flym~ut of ~11th right under the Constitution. udcr tilL~ .v1cw of ~he subject it is impossible to rc!li~t the conch~~ lo n th.u, af the l'ou~t.itution do •s e:ltllblish ~lavery in the 'l:cr ritorit~ . heyorJ(J tile power of tile pcopll' to cou· emph:Ltic answer, t h11t Congrcs:l canuot ddc~ate an}· power which it doct; not pn~:;c!--S; hut that C\'t-ry po l\ •r ruu· fcrrcll on Co ngrc~s hy tht Ct>llt>litutic•n utu~>t ht· t:Xc r d l'ltd hv Congress in the lll:tlll h:r pn~scliiJcd in tl1at in!'. tnnnt·Itt. ·On the other hand, l11~>rc arc <:<lSl'!'l in which COJ.tgrc!lh may esta IJlh!h tribunals au<l lo ·a I govcnunt•nt,;, H ud Ill\ ~· ... t them wit.h power<> which Congrcs~ docs not IW~Sl'i:l~, nnd cannot excrci.:Je uutler tlac Con titution. l'or iust;~nt:e, Congress may estahlbh courts inferior to the ~LIJ)!'cmc Court und confer upon them the power to henr nnd uctcrrnil\ e caBes and r end 'r judp,mcnts nlfecting tile life, llhcrty antl p'ropcrty of the citizen, without it:;clf Ia a villi$ the po'wcr to hear aut! dctt!nnlne such cau~c~<, rcudt:r judgmeuts, or revise or annul the snme. In h,~c n,tall~lt::r <.:ougrcss nHty in::~titnt~ go~er~11~1ents for t.hc ~ cmtones, composetl o r an executive, JU rhcml, anlllcgtl:!laltn: d cpartmeut · nnd may confer upon the (lovernor all the execuUve p~wers anti functions of the Territory, without ha~iltg the right to exercise auy one of those p owcrl:! or fuuctiOLI.I:I it~cl f. Con!:!Tess may confer upon the judicial department all the judicial powenl and functions of ~he Territory, v.ithout IJavin~ the right to hear aud deterrmne a cay~e, or rl'lldcr a judgment, or to r e vise or annul any d t·ci;,IOil !Jlatle hy the courts so cstaiJiished l>y CongT<'SS. Con~-:n•ss may ak.o confer upon the legislative d partlllent of. the 'J'crri~ry certain l egL~lallvc powers which It C'!LU not 1.tt~clf t!X'e rCl.'! t:-, au1l only such as Congress cannot excrt·1se under the Constitution. 'l'he p owers wlaich Congress may t hus CO'II-/< lt', but cannot e;rorci.~e, ar~ such as .~elu~ e to the domestic atralrii a.nd mtcrnal pohty of the I t•rntury, und do not alTect t he general welfare o f tlac HepulJiic. . t1 ol at hy l:tw, it i~ the imperative duly o f Congress to ~upp~y allt ltl: !e.~bh~tio n nece~::1a.ry to its protection; Hnd l( tb:s JII' ?JI0~1L I OI1 ,lA flOL true, it ll eCt'SS<L iJy rt~uJ ts tli :lt the Uonst.atutwn n eath~r eo~ta.bl.shcs nor pro hihits ::)lavery anywhere, hut le:Lvc:.~ t.lae people o f e a ch St1tle and 'i'erri\ or~ e ntirtty. free to for111 and regulate their tlorn estic a,lfa·rs t.o ·aut tliCIII~elvt·s, without the illtcrventiJil of Co•1gr~s~ o: any other power what.•;oc \·er. ll.ut If 1~ l: rp-t •<l with :,:n·at pl:tnsll1ility lly ~ll o~e who have e.nt1~e f<~ ll.l l 1:1 tit,· souruln .,.~ of the propo~ltinn, that "a 'li·rntory 1~ the lll''l' t: t'l'eatlll'l' of Uoll,..crc ... s; that the l'l'l':i· tun: ClUlll•>L IJ~: clntlJr.:tl with any poll'ers not po~tH:!S etl by , This dividilw liue I.Jctwcen Ji'c<ll-mlalld Locul anthonty was fa.rniliar to the framers of the CCinstilution. It ill clea.rly udlned and dl'!linctly marked on e \·cry p11~e of history which r ecords the great e~l'llt~. of thut imm~r!~l strug~le bctwceu the Americ:\n ColunH'S ~nltl the ll1 t~ISh Government which resulted in the t.::-.t:thh:;luncnt of our uatioual ind~pelK ence. ln the hc!'innin):;" of t~mt struggle the Colonies n eit Iter contemplated uur dcs1red independence. tu all their :ldtlresses to the Cr?w.n, and to the l'urii!Lment, and to the people of Oret\t Hntam, us we!l.as to the t>cople of America, they !W<:rre~l tlt:Lt l1tl loy1LI Bnt.b!b tlubject:~ they deplor ed the causes winch HIILJCill!rl theh· separation from the parent country. 1'h ,') '~ere Rt1:ongly and an·cctionatt>ly ll.Ltacln:d to the Constltuflull, clvtl. and political institution!:! a rHl j nrispru<lt•nce. of Or:c;a L l,lnt.:;ln, WlllCit they prou<ily claimed ll~ the uirtlll:lght ?f all F.ng hshmcn · and <lc.sired to trHnslnlt them ummpa1rcd a!! !\ precious' lega cy to their po~tcrity. l•:or a. long scrlc~ o_r yeaN t.hcy rcmon~Lrat c·d a!(aln~L the vwlat10n of .thc1r lllalleu- 1\.hle ri:,:ht.o; of sclf-govcrnull'Ut unrler the llntlsh ~onstttution, an1J huwhly pctitioncu for the redre~:;s of the1r griev-an~\! 8. 'l'hev ac:.:no11 lt•lll!,.ll nntl aninncd thclr allegiance to tho Crown, L!Jeir a11'cctioll for the people, and their devo- |