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Show • 68 A POLITIC.AL TEXT-DOOR FOR 1 GO. t\!Sp~ctlve State~, tlutn the . !!zcns or ~11 Rso uri would lHtvc in thei rs. .Mr. S. ~> aid ht would make another QtlO· tu.t Jon front t ltc sn.mc work he hnd before be~n lndeutecl to which he bclicved hac! consiclcmhlc bcarmg on th is s uhjcct. "The powers llclego.tcd by the proposed Consti: tution, to tlte l!'edcral Government, arc few and defined, t.lto~c~ which nrc to remain in the State G?vcrnments,.nre numerous and indefinite; the former wtll be cxerctsed princip1~1ly on external objects, as ~ar, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce, 'v ith whtch l!\~l lite pow~rs or t:txntion will for the most pnrt, be connected. 'Ihe pow~rs r eserved to the severn! Stn.tes will exten~l to all lhe o bject~, which In the ordlnnry course of ulfatrs con· -cern the livt>s, liberties, and properties of the pc?ple, and the in Lerna! order, imJWOTemcnt, arHl prospenty or ~he State." 'l'he npplicabilit.y or this doctrine to the quest.lOn under consideration wu.s 110 obvious, tlmt he would not d etain the ll ou~e to give cxamplos, !JUt le:we it for gentle· men to make the application. • • • • • . • • · . Mr. ScoLt belioveLI, that the practice unller the Con~tttution had been llilfcrent from thnt now contended .or by gentlemen; he wt\S unnppriscd of nny similar prov:i· sion htLving ever been made, or attempted to be made, m r elation to any other new State heretofore admittetl., 'l'h.e argument drawn from the Slates fo rme.d out of the. f erntory norlhwesL of the river Ohio, he dtd not consuler as analogous; that restriction, if any, was imposed in pursuance of ~~ comp;Lct, and only, so far as Co n~ress coulcl do ca.rried into err..:ct the disposition of Virginia in rcferm'lce to a part of her own origin:\! Territory, n ncl was, In every respect more just, because thnt provbion was m \1le ancl publisl;ed to the world at a tillle when but few, lf any settlements were formed within that tract of coun· try; u.'ncl the chihlrcn of those people of color b<;louging to tl1e inhabitants then there, have been, a nct st.tll were, held In bondage, and were not free at a given age, lUI was contemplated uy the amendment under consldcrat ion; nor dicl he doubt but that it was compl'tcn\ fur any of those Stat es a.tlmitteclm pursunncc of the Ordinance of ' 7, to c:Lil I\ Convention, and so to niter their Constitution as to nlluw the introuuetion of ~ l aves, 1f they tl10ught proper to uo so. 'l'o those gentlemen who i1ad in thvir r.rgument, in support of the amendments, adverted to the in· stance where Congress had, by the law authorizing U1e pcoplo of Loui:~inn:L to form a Cons1itution and State ) Government, exercised the power of imposing tho terms and conditions on which they should ue permittcd to do so, he would recommend a cn.rcful cx~tmination and com-pnrison of those terms with the Constitution of the Uuited State~, when, he doubted not, they would be convinced th:.Lt these restrictions were only such as were in express u.nd po~itlvc language ddlned In the latter instrustrument, and would h~1ve l>ecn equally binding on the people of Louisiana hart they not been enumerated in the law gi ving them a uthority to form a Constitution for tJ1 e m:~cl VeS. or thl!ir own! I n ~l1o rt. in wh11t hncl tii('Y ''<lll ltl duM~ adfJnnta(Jfll mul imm1tnitiu11 1v lth the· otil!'r Cit izens of the United S tate~, hut ill tl tc privill'!{e to submi t to a pro· cra~tlnnt. iu n of their r i ~ht•, a1 ocl In the advartta~e to subscribe to your law!'1 your rule:-, your tax·~ . anll your power~ even without t\ hearing P 'l'hos(' pcnplc \vere u l~ •• to he 1 aclmittecl into tl11: U11ion as soon a~ pos~iulc!' Mr. Scott would Infer from tlti~ c xpre~sion, that it wns~~ under~ta ndlng of the p!Lrtic;:, that so soon n ' any pnrttoo of tltc 1'errltory, of sufficient ext~nt to fon.n n State, should contain the number of i nltalJitnnt~ r eq•lll'etl hy law to entitle thern to a rcpre:-cntati\'c un the ll onr of th is llouse, that they then hac! the right to makr the cnll for ndrnlsslon nnclthis atlllli~~ion, when nt:ttlc, wa~ to he, not on conclidons that gentlemen might de 'Ill expt.:dit: nt, not on conditions r e ferahll! to fu ture pol!tic~tl Vii'Wi'l, not oo conclitions thnt the Comtitutlon the people ;~ h o ulc l form should contain n clllul'e that \vould partlcul:trly open the door for emigration from t11c N orlh or front t hu 'outh, not on condlti(,n that the future population of the State ehould come from n Slnveholding- or Non -. lavcholdin~ State, "but accord in{! to the principle' of the Fed~ra.l Oonstiftttion," and none other. Mr. Scott hncl trusted tltat gentlemen who profe~scd to be nctua.ted hy rnotivts of humanity and principle would not encourage a course of dissimulatio.n, or, hy au:r vote of theirs, render it neces!lary for tho cttlzens of Mt~sourl to act t·quivocally to oht a in their r iJ!htS. 11 e was uuwlll· ing to UeiiCVC1 that political Yiews alone )eel !!t'n llt:men On this or nny other occnFlon; but, from the lan l( uagc or the rncmuer from Ncw-YMk ( 1\fr. 'J'aylor), l1c watl compel!e,J to suspect that thry lta.cl their iullucncc upon him. '!'1111t gl'ntlerncn haR told u .~, that if ever he lefL !lis pre~en t resiclence, it would be for l!linois or llllssouri; nt Hll events, he wished to send out his brothers and hi~ sons. Mr. ~cot t begged that gentleman to relieve him from thu a wful upprehension excilccl Uy the prOI'pect of this H CC •' S~!on Of populnlion. He !toped t.hc House woultl ex c n~e him while he stated, thnt he did not desire that gentleman, hi!; son~ , or his brothers, In that land of bntve, uoL!e, a nd inclependent freemen. The member snys that the latitude Is too far North to admit of Sla,·tlry there. Would the gentleman cast !tis eye on the map before him , he would there sec, th;tt n part of Kentucky, Yirgiuia, and lllnryland, wet·e as far North as t.hc Northeru l>oun clary of the proposecl State of MiRROuri. 1\tr. Scott wonJ,J thank tl1e gentleman if ho would couclcscend tot •II him what precise line of latitude suited his conscience, !tis humnnlty, or his political view~, on this suhjcct. Ooulcl t hat member be scriou~. when he made the parallel of !at it ucle the~ measure of his good-will to those unfortunate blacks P Or was he trying how far he could go in fallaei ou~ ~trgument and ab~urdlty, without creating one blu<h even on his own check, Cor inconsistency f What, stnrve tlte ne· grocs out, pen them up in tlte swamps ant! morasses, confine them to Southern la.titudel!, to long, scor ching days or lnbor nnd fa tigue, until the race becomes extinct, tlmL the fair land of Millsouri rnny be tenanted hy that gentleman, his brothers, nncl sons ? He expected from the maj ority of tlte ll o u~e n. more libcralJ10licy, and better evidence that lltey really were actuated l>y humane motives. ll!r. S. said, he considered the contemplated conditions nllll re~triction s , contained in the proposed amendments, to be uncunHtitutional unci unwarrantable, from the provisions of the Treaty of Cc~s ion, by the third article of which it was stipulu.tecl, th;H " the inhabitant. or the ceded 'l'erri tory shall be incorpomtcd in the Union of Ute United States, and admitted, 11~ soon as possible, nccortllng to the principles of the l<'cdeml Constitution, to the enj oyment of all the rights, advantages, and immunities of citizens of the United States, and, in the mean time, they shall be tnaintained a.nd protecte1l in the free enjoy-ment of their ltuerty, property, a.ud the religion which Messrs. Tll!t., of Georgia; Morrow, or Ohio; Williluns, of IJtcy profess." Mississippi j E(l\vards, of llllnoiH; William~, of 'l'cnne~see. '!'he pt>ople were not left to the wny1vard tliscretion of 0 1 The Hou c b ill, thus passed, r eac hed tlw Senate, Fcuruar.v 17th, when it waP read twice and sent ton. Select Committee a lrcn.dv rai cd on alike npplicn.tiou from Alaba ma, cotL i~ tiug of this 0 1' any other government, by liHying that they mav 0 t le 22nd, Mr. Tait, from this Co nllllittec, be illcorporaUd in the Union. The language ,.,.a~ dilf..:r- reported the l> ill with amendment~, Rtl·iking o ut eut and Imperative: "t114!f shall o~ incorporated." the Auti-Slnvcry reRtrictions in Re rtl'tl by the lfr. ~..:ott uuder£tood by the term &ncorporated that II Tl · L'Jl C · f they were to form o. constituent part of this rep~blic. ou. e. ll u l wa t a. ken up in Olll llll ttcc 0 that thq were to become j oint partners in the characte; the 'Vho lc, on the 2ith, wh n Mr. '\'ilson of and council~ of the country, and in the n~ttional losses New-JerRey moved its postponement to the 5th and Mliouul gains; a~ a 'J.'crritory they were not an cs- of Mat·c h - that i , to the cud of the ~essionsential part of the Government; they were a mere pro-vince, subject to the a cts and regulations of the General n egatived: Y cas 14; N1.~' 8 23. Governmwt in a l! cases whatsoever. As ~ 1'crrltory, they 'I' he Senate then proceeded to vote on agree· had not all tht! rt{lkt8, ad!Danta{/68 a-nd tmmunitiu of · 1 d 1 ., 1 t citiaensof the United states. lllr. s. himself rurni ·hed 1m mg to t 1e am.en tn<'nts t•epot·tccl h ~ t 1e ~e cc example, Lh 1tt, In their present couclition, they had not nil Comrui ttee, Vl7.. : 1, to stn ke out o't t h c House the right~ or the other citizens of the Union. Had he a \'ote l>ill the following: In thl~ House? and yet. these people were, cluringthe war I A 1 1 · · 11 Bubject to certain taxes lrnpo~ed by Con re~s. Had thos~ 1 ru. t :at nil cllll~lren of a! aves .born wtth ln the •".' people any voh:e to givo in the 1 n o~·tio f t· t I Stn.te, .1ft er the ILdmtR~ion !hereof 111to thP Puion, shllll which they were s ubject or In t:HF dl~po~i~o '1x~stho be Frl·e, Lut may be held to service until the a~:~ of f d f ll . ' 1 un s o te natton, and particulnrly those arisinn g° f ro·m e tw<:nty-one yenr• I " the sal.es or the public la.nds, te which they already had, " ' hich was stricken out by the follo\\'ing voto . a!ld ~till. ~~~~l.d largely contribute P Had they a voice to Yeas-A(lat118t the Rt 8 tricUon - 2i. NayB-FO" g1ve n ~;e cc Jngthe officers or thls Government, or many tlLe Rt8triclion-1. TilE STRUGGLE FOR RLAVERY RE:-5TlliCJTTOX. The S <' nate then proceeded to vott' on th I On the 1-lth, :Mr T:.tyl o r, o f N'Pw-Yol'l•, move tl r·csidue of' Lite ll o usc Re::;tl'iction, a~ fo llows: ! a • ell'ct Cotn mitte e 011 tlti~ Httl •j <'et, whkh wa8 ..A · 1 d l 'J'l ttl r •1 i t 1 tl r j granted; au J tl tc tll O\' t' r, '' i t h ~1 e :-::-:1·:-;. Livt' l' · 11llpru"iJIC.e a~>~o, 111. 1e ur.1er n. rot uc on o . f 11:r , ·-II 1 .. J>. ·I . ( J> ]' f Slavery or involu11tary servttude he prohth itcd, cxc·cpt fll?t~, .o .:.'c'\\ lll llP,:-l~ll , >•tl ) 0~11, ,· . ) 0 for the pll nisltrnent of crirne3, wltert:o( the ptlrty shall Vt r g uua, Lowudc~, ol Hout!t-C:noltna, } Hile r, of h!H'e bet·u du ly convicte\1. i\las. achusc tts, Hanlin, of K e ntu c ky, a lld Cuth The r ot c on th i ' clau:1 • was as fol lowl:i: bert, o f Ueorgia, were appointed ~tH.: l t c o mmittee, Yea.,-Pm·lltl·iki11{1 out tho Restt·ictio-n-22. Nays A mnjol'ity of tlti. Committee h l'ing l'ro-Slavpry, -A(lain&t &trikinu out-16. Mr. Taylor could do nothi ng; a11d on t lte 2 ,' Lh The !Jill thus a mended was o rd L•rcd to ue en- the Committee wa:-;, on ll lOlion, dischat'ged frou1 grossed, and Wl\.8 (March 2nd-last day l>ut one the further consitl 'l':t tion or the s ubj ect. of the c ssion) read n third t ime, and passed On the same day, ~lr. 'l'ayl o l' lllO\'Cd : without n division. The b ill wn::! o n that day retul'lled to t he liousc , and the amendments o-f tho Senate read: whereupon, Mr. Tallmadge, o f New-Yol'lr, moved that the bill be postpo11cJ indefini te ly. Yens()!); Nnys 74. That a Cl)mmit tee be appoi r1te1l with instructions to r eport a hill prolli bl ting tl 1!.! furth l'r :Hilllis~ ion of slavc.1 in to lh!.! 'f c rritori cs of the Uuitctl late:. " c~t of the river Mi:~:;is~ l ppi. [The record shows hardly a vote chunged from Yea, on tl1e original passage of the Restriction, to Nay nc1w, hut many rnember11 who voted then were now ab:-~cnt o r e.'Jeot.] On motioll o f Mr. Slllith , of JLtryl a n <l, thi11 r·esoh·e was s e nt to the Conuni ttce or the "'h ole, nnd m ade u Rpccial o r·Jcr for J a nua ry l Oth ; l>ut it wa not taken up, and a p p e,tr to have The vote was then taken on concurring in ~lcpt the s leep of denth. the Senate 's amendments, ns aforesaid, and the llouse refused to c oncur·; Y eus 76 ; Nays 7 8. 1n the Senate, the memorial of the Mi~. o uri Territorial L<•gi~latllt'c , a s k ing adrll il'lsion as a tn.tc, was p rcsentcJ by Mr. ~mi th, of Sout h Carolina, December 2 Uth, a nd refe rred to the Judiciary Committee, whicl1 consis t e d of r£IarcJJy a. VOte changed j but more members TOling thlm on the previous divl~ion, and less than when the Restriction was canied.) The bill was now r e turn ed to the Senate, wi rh a message o f non-concurrence; whcu Mr. Tuit moved that the Senate adhere to its amenumcnt, which wa c arried without a d ivision. 'l'be bill being thus remanded to the llouse, Mr. 'l'aylor, of New-York, moved that t he llouse adhere to its disncrre e mcnt, which prevailed. Yens 78 ; Nays 6n. So the bill fell b etween the two llou cs, nnd was lost. 'l'!te Southern portion of the t hen Tenitory of Mis ouri {ot·ganized by separation fr·om Louisiana in 181 2) was excluded from the proposed State of Mi s ouri, and organized as a separate Tcn·ito1·y, entitled Arkansas. The bill l>cing under c ollsideratiou, Mr. Taylor., o.f New-York, moved that the forecor oinon- rc-stnct10n be applied to it also; a nd the c lause, {>ropo ing t ha.t slaves born therein after the passage of this net be free at twenty-five yeat·~ of age, ';::tS canicd (February 17th) l>y 75 Yea~ to 73 ~ays; b ut that providiurr acrain 't the furth er in troduction of Slaves "?as lost; Yens 70; Nays 71. The next day, the c lause jutlt adopted was stricken out, and the b ill ultimately passed wi thout any allusion to Slavery. At·· kansas o f course became u S lave Territory a nd ultimately (183G) u Slave Stato. ' THE SECOND MISSOURI STRL'OOLE. .A. n ew Congress assembled on the 6th of December, 1810. Mr. Clay was again chosen S~cakcr: On the 8 th, Mr. Scott, delegate from M1ssoun, moved that the memorial o f her Territorial L egislature as also of se,'cral c itizens • I I prayiUg her admission into the Union as a S tate, be rcfened to a Select Committee· carried and Messt·s. Scott, of Missouri, R o be' rtson, of' Kentucky, 'l'errell of Gcorcria Strother of Vir- • • I 0 l I gtma, anti De \Vitt, of New-York, (all but the last f1·?m the Sla,·e region, ) were appointed said comnuttee. ~r. Stron~, of New-York, that d .ty g ave n.ottee of a !Jill "To prohibit the fut·thcr e xte nSIOn of Sl:lvery iu the United Statt's." M e~s rs. Smith,of South Carolina ; Le11 kr, of M i st-~is~i ppi ; Hunill, of Hhoue hlaud ; Logan, of Kcut ucky ; O ti:~ of Ma,;~a c hu~ ctl:!. DANIEL WlWSTEit ON SLAVJ<:nY KX.TF.NSJON. The following is c xtractecl from t he " Memorial to the Co ngrc~s of the U11itcd ' tates, 0 11 the uhjcct of r e s training the incrcaRe of ~Ia ve ry in New States to be admitted into the U ni on," in pursuance of a vote o f tltc inha l>i ta nt of Boston a nd its vic in ity, assembled a t th e S tate llow~e 0 11 the 3d of December, l 81 n, which wns drawn up by Dnniel \Vc hstet·, n nd l'ig uctl b y hiutself, Gc01·ge Blake, Josiah Qu incy, James 'f. Au ·tin, etc. It is in r r teu h e re instead of the resol vcs of the various New Eng l.tnd Legislatures, ns a full e r· and clearer stntclltcnt of tltc vie w. o f the g reat uot.!y o f the JWOple of that scclion du ring the JWnde ll(.' )' of t h <.; ~lissouri question: 11 MK.\I ORI A L To tluJ S enate (l//Ul lfon11e of R ep1·esentoti ocJ of the Unitecl State~ , in Conore88 a.~& cmbll3d : 'l'hc undersignecl, inh abi tant'i of l1 o~ t on anc.l its vicinity beg leave most r e-p~:ct fu ll y and llu1111!ly to represent: '!:hat tho quc~t!on of the Introduct ion of Slavery iuto the new Sta t e~ to uc for111etl on tht.: wc~t side of the l\Ji si~sippi River, appears to them to be 3. q ues tion of the l a~t i111pona.nce to the future welfare of the United Staltls. If the progreHs of thl~ grca t evil Is ever to be atT\!Stecl, it seems to the untle r~ig n ed that this Is the limo to arrest it, A false step taken now, cannot be retraced ; and it appears to us that the happiness of unborn milli o n~> rests on the measure which Congres~ on this occasion rnay ad opt. Considering this as no local question, nor n q uestion to be decided by a temporary expediency, bu& as involving ·great Interests of the whole Unite~ States, nnd alft!cting deeply and essent ially those oiJJects. oC common defense, general welfare, and the pcrpet ~at10 o of tho ble:;!:lings of liberty, for wldch. the ~o nstttutto n it,. self was formed, we have presumed,. tn thts way, to.o&rer our sentiments and expres~ our w1shes to the Nattonal Legl ~laturo. Anll, as vu.rlous r easons have been su~gested aga in:~t prohiuiting Slavery In the new States, tt may perhaps be pcnnitted to us to state our re:~.sons, L>oth for believing that Oongress ~ o ssesaes the ~o n stltutional power to make such prohtbl tlon ~ contlttlon, o? tilt; ndm i:~slon of a new Statu into tho U~w n, and that 1L Is j u~t and proper th~t they should cx et'CIHC that power. "And in the first place, as to the Oon. titutiounl nu· · thorlty of Congt·ess. The Constitution of the United |