OCR Text |
Show 18 A POLITiCAL TEXT-DOOK FOR 1860. t> run •\ntl formal dcclauUon of their independence or the 1 with foreign nations, or among the s~veml S~ale3, are ,.,lavt:' puwe1· alltl or their fi.x:cd determination to rescue objects of .national co.uccrn,. and tha.t 1t is the dut 1 or the l."eder:d Uovcrnment from its control; [ Oong:ress, Ill the exerctse or lts constttutlonal J)OWers, to R!Jfolved, tiLertJore, 'J.'hat we, the people here nssem- [ provtde there;o:· . , . . . hied, re111emt)ering the example of our fathers, in the days Reso.tved, 'fh,~t the :~ e.e grant to ac~U:al sc~tl~1 s, 1n con ot the (lrst Dccla.mtion of Indcpendeucc putting our trust sidero.t10n of t~te expensel:l .they iucu1 1n ll!,lktug scttlc- 111 G-o1t for tht: triumph of our cause, ~ud invoking his mc~1ts in the Wllt.lerness, wh1ch are UBually fully equal. to guidanct: in our eudea.vor:1 to nd vance it, do now plant tt.eu· actual cost, and. of the. public benefits .resulttng ourselves upouthe Na.tloua.l ph~tfonu of .J.<'reec.lom in oppo- thcrefro~1, of r.e!Lson:1ble ~ort101!s ?r th.e publ~c laud~. liit lon to tht: ~ectlonal platform of Slavery. und~r SUit.al.>le llll.lltat•?ns, 13 a WI~C and JU~t measure of Re&otve<i I'll at 8h vt:ry in the several States of this public pohcy, Wh1 ~h wtll pro1.uote Ill various ways the 1 11 • :Juion whicl1 n:{;ognizc il:i exi:Ht:nce, uepentls upo11 State terests of all tht: ~tates of th1:3 Un~on i and we therdure 1 11 w~ alone, wllicl1 can11ot btl repeal eli or modifit:d by the recommend it to the fa vora.l.>le consHlcratlou of the Amuri-l•' ed cra.l Uuvcrument anti fur whicl1 laws that govern- Cfll1 people. . 111 l'ut. is not rc.:~pons!~le. Wt: therefore prop~~e. no inter- Reaotv~~· That .t~l~ oiJll~.ati?~s of hono1· and patnotCercuee by Oongre11s with Sli\Vcry within the l!lllll:! of any Ism requuc the e:.ullest Pl•lCttoea~le payment of the u.uSt · t · tlonal debt, and we are therefore Ill favor of such a tanfi R~oloed That the Provt~o of J ellcrson, to proldbit the of duties 11.11 will raise revenue ac.lequate to defray the not' Xisteace of Slavt!ry aftt:r 1800, in all tile'l't:rritaries of the ccssary .expenses of the .l<'ederal Govem1~1ent, lltHl to pa7 Uuitec.l St.ates, Southern ami Nonbern; the votes of six aunuu~ llli:lla~·~1ents or. our. c.lebt, nud. the wterest th~r~on. ~tat es aud sixteen uelcg:ltt:s, in the Uougress of 1184,. for !l~?loed, [hat w,e ms~tlbe on ou~ .own ba.~uer, .E reu the Proviso to three SLate:i aud sev.-n delegate~ ngatnst Soli, .E ree Speech, Free Labor, anc.l .E 1 ee l\Ie1.1, anu under tt · the act~al exclusion of Slavery from the Nor~lnvest- it we will tight on, and figh~ ever, until a tnumphant vic· er~1 Territory, by the Ordinauce of 11::17, un:mil~ou ly . tory shall reward our e.xcrt10ns. al!optetlby the State:~ in c .)llgre3::1 j and tht! eutll't! lust~ ry of that period, clearly :~11<)\V that it wa.11 the settled policy of the Nation not to !fXI e11 LI, IH~tionalizo or cncoura~c, but to lilllit, localize antl c.lL:~couragt! ::!I.• very; and Lo. tlu:; pol'" Y, which should nev r h;1 ve 1Jee11 Ut!pl~netl I rom, tbe U.ol•t::rlllllent ought to return. Ret~olved 'l'ilat our li1tlu.:r~ ordained the Constitution .. f t lit! Unit~d States, iu order, !Uuong other great national ohject·, to e~tabllsb ju~tice, Jli'OIIIOtt: the general welfa.re, a.111l ~ecurc the blcs:~iug.:l o. liberty; but expresnly d.emed t u tile l<'edt!ral Governmc:nt, wldch they created, nil con· '>Litu Lioual power to tlcprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due legal process. R~olved, TlJat In the judgment of this Convention, Cung1 css has no more power to make a Slave tl!an to make u K"'&'i uo more power to institute or establish Slavery tlt,w to iu~titute or establish al\lona.rcby: no such power ~·an be fvund. among th ose specifically coufared l>y the llunstitut!on, or derivetl by just implication from them. llesolvcd, '!'hat i: Is the c.luty of tho .l<'edera.l GovornUICU ~ to relieve itself frou1 allrciSpousibility for the existc u e~ or cou1inuance of slavery wl1orever the government vos~es.scs constitutional aut horlt.y to legislate on tllat ,.ubjuct, a.nc.l it is thus responsible for its existence. J~d/JOlved, 'rliat the true, :I.IIU in the judgLnent 0( tb}S Oouvcutiun, the only safe: means of Jll't:ventiug tbe exte11:~ ion of ~lavery iuto l'.:nitory now Free, is to prohibit II.~ cxtt:usion iu all su~h Ten itory l>y an a ct of Congress. Re8ovoed, That we accelJL t lit: Issue which the SlaTe power lias forced upou u~; a111l to their dewa.ntl for more ~lave States, anc.l uwn: l:llave '1\:nitory, our calm but final answer is, no lllure Slavt: :States uuu uu tuore Slave 'l'erl'ttory. Let the so!l of our t.xteusi ve d.ot11ains l.>e kept fret! for the barely pionc:el':l of our own laud, aud the opl"' essec.l anu ba.nisltr:c.l of other laud~, seek.ing howe.:! of t:Oin fun tl.lhl fields of euttqm~e iu tilt: new wvrlc.l. Reevlved, 'l'IJat the bill lately rep<JI'teu by the committee of erght in the Senate of the Uuitetl Statui!, was uo comJII'O III ISt::, but au abi!olute surrender of t.l!e rights or the .'llou-::!lavt!l1older:; of ull the l:ltatc~; aud whilc we rejoice to know th/lt. a. ILIC!~::Jure which, wiJile opening the door fur the introuuction of Slavery Into 'l'crntoncs now free, would also have openec.l the c.loor to litig<1tion UJlc.l s1rifc among the future iuhaiJi tauts th ert:of, to the ruin of thei.l· peace l~ll!l prosperity, Wall ucft:att:d !utile House of Hepre!! t!ll latives, IL:l passage, iu hot. lt11Ste, by a wajori~y, embra.cl! lg l>C vcrul senators who voted 111 open violauou of the kuown will of tht!ir constituents, should waru the people t t> see to it, that their repn:Jsc ntat1ve:~ l>e nut sulfcrec.l to iJetra,V thclll. '!'here IUU:it be Ut) IUUrt: lJOUlj)I'UIUi::lt:::l Wit!~ l:!IJ.very ; 1f 1nade tht:y 1uust IJe rt!pealcd. R~oloe<l, 'l'Liat wt: dem11.1tli freedotU and e ·tablished • n:~t lLUt ions for our brethren in Oregon, uo1v t:xpo::~ed to hanlship , Jltlril aucl 111a~~acre by the ret:kl c.ss hostility or tue Slave Power to the e~tablisluueut of .!!'ret: Goverument for ~'roe 'l't:rritones; and not only for them, but for our uew l>rctiJren in Oalifomia. and Nt:w-Mexico. Rssob1Md, It i:~ uue uot only to thi~ occa.sion, but to the lvh ol~: people of the Uuitetl States, that we should also Lteclarc ourst!lves ou ct:naiu other questions of National .l:'ulicy : thert!!ot·e, R<MJo/tved, 'l'ha.t we dema.nc.l Cheap Postage for the Peo!) lc; a n:lrenchmem of the expcnst:s anti patron~tgtl ot tlu.: l<'cdera.l Guvernmt:nt; the abolition of all uunece!!& ary ollices and saluric:~; uud the election bJ the people of a ll CIVil Ollicers in tilt! i$1!l'ViCt: or '.!:.e (OVernment, SO f<4r u" the same may be practicable. llMolloed, '!'hat l'iver aud llubor lmproTements, when l.it:IU&Ddt:c.l by the 'Aft>ty a.ud connnience of commerce 'VITIG NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1852. This body assembled at Baltimore on the 16th of June, and chose Gen. John G. Chapman, of Mu., as presiding officer, and, after an exciting session of Rix days, nominated Gen. Winfield Scott as President, on the 53d ballot, as follows: ~ a; ;q 1. 2. 8. "lS. ~. 1. 8. ». 10. 11. 12. 18. 14. 115. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 28. 24. 26. 26. 27. f .: ~ ~ 0 ~ !i 0 - ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 181 138 29 28. 134 128 80 188 131 29 29. 184 12 80 183 181 29 80. 13·t 12 29 184 130 29 81. 134 128 80 180 183 80 82. 134 123 80 188 181 29 88. 184 128 29 181 188 28 84. 184 1 2G 28 133 181 28 85. 184 ] 2) 28 183 183 29 86. 186 127 28 1M 130 29 87. 188 12 28 134 181 28 88. 186 127 29 184 180 28 89. 184: 128 80 184 180 28 40. 182 ] 29 82 188 180 29 41. 182 129 sa 183 180 29 42. 134 12 80 1M 129 28 43. 184 123 80 182 181 29 44. 183 129 80 132 181 28 ~. 183 127 82 182 181 29 46. 184 121 81 182 181 29 47. 135 1Z9 29 188 181 28 48. 131 124 80 132 180 80 49. 189 1 22 80 182 130 80 50. 142 122 28 18.3 129 80 61. 142 120 29 188 128 81 52. 146 119 21 134 128 80 58. 15(1 112 21 18! 128 80 Necessary to choose- 147. William A. Graham, of North Carolina, was nominated for Vice-President on the second ballot. The Convention adopted the following PLATJ<'ORM : 'fhe Whigs of the United States, in C.onven~io~ asseru· bled, ac.lhering to the great conBervattve pr1nc1pleB by which they are controled and governed, and now as CYel relying upon the intelligence of the An:erlcan people, with au al>iuing confldeuce in their capu.c1ty for i:!elf-governwent and their devotion to the Constitution und ~he Union, d 1 o proclaim the following as the p oliticotl sentiments anu determination for the establlt~hru~nt and maintenance of which their national org~oizat10n all a party wag effected. . l!'irst. The government. of the United States 111. of a limited character and it is confined to the exerciSe of powers expressly granted by the Constitution, and sue~ ILl! may be necessl\rY a.nd proper for carrying the gr~ntepowers into full execution, and that power:; not ~:raote1 1 or n ecessarily Implied are reserved to the States respeotively and to the people. S6cond. The Stale Govet"nments nhoulcl be held llt'CUrO • N ATIO~AL CONVENTIONS AND PLATFORMS. - l a I a t NAYS-Maine 4. Connecticut, 1; New-York, 22; \o tht-11' re!lerV('d rlght.!l, ~nd the enera dO\'t.~r~m~~e I Pennsyl van ia s'. Ohio 15. Whu:onsln, 1; Indianu., 6; sustainetl on its const1tuttona.l powers, an 'h 1u 1 · 1 l lllinois 5. ;licllf.,o.u 6 · C~llfornla 4-70. Union Khould he 1·eve:·ed and watched over as • epa a- , ' o ' • • dlUIII Of OUI' lii.Je!·ti cs. 'rltirtl. 'fhat while struggling rreeclom everywhere G~:s. SCOTT1S ACC~:l'TANCF.. enlist~ the w·u·me~;t sympathy of the Whig party, we still 1 . t' d PI • adh~r-e ·to th~ doctrine~ of the Father of his Country, a!l G n. Scott nccrptcu t 1e nomma lOll an Uo ll.llnoun~ed in his Farewell Addrc s, of keeping oursel.vet~ form in tlle followinrr letter. free from all eutaogling alliances with foreign coun tne~, o and of never quit.ting our own to stand upon fore Kll WASIJI:-IO'JON, J t,ne 2-l-th, 1 :!2. g:-oun•l; th :~t our mission as a. repul.>lic Is n ot to .I•• opa- Srn: I have had the honor to receive from y our hnll'lfl ~:Ito our opinions, or impo~~ on <1ther countnes our the offi cial notice of my unanimous nomiuatinn ns thu forrn-; of government, hy art1hce or force; but to teach Whig candi<late for the office of Presidcn~ of the Unitt·d hy ('Xample, and show by our success, tnodcro.tlon and Stn.tes, to~cthcr with n copy of the r cR.olutiOns pa11se1l by ju~;tic(• , t.lle hlesRings of self-government, nnc.l the udvan- the Convention, e xpre~~l ng th eir opi n1ons upon !iOH•e of t.agt• of frt:e iniitltutlons. . the most prominent questions or national policy. . J!'otbl'th .. 'l'hat, as the people make ancl control the 'l'his great distincti c1n, conferred b>: a nut~lC.ro uo,lntcli• - Govemment, they should obey its constitution, laws ancl ger.t and patriotic hody, rcprcscnttng mtlltow:l of ~ny t reat ic~:~ a~:~ they would retain their self-respect, un<l ~he countrymen sinks d ·cp iuto my heart; and rememhennrr respect which they claim and will enforce from foreign the very crui'nent names which were before the Couv .. upowcrR. . tlon In amicable competition with my own, I am made to PU~h Government shoulcl be conducted .o~ prlnc•ples feel, opprc~~ively, the 1Ycight or r esponsibility helon~in;; of the strictest economy ; and revenue surr1~1ent for the to my new p osition. Not having written a worcl to proexpen<~ c~ thereof, in time, ought to he. denved mainly cure this tli tinction, I lost n ot a moment after It hat} frou1 a duty on Imports, :mrl not from d1r~ct ta.x~s i and been confcrre1lln nddn:ssing a letter to one of your mcm· on laying such duties sound policy requ1res .a Just dis- ber~, to signify what would he, at the proper time, the crimin;ttion, and, when p raCticab le, l.>y spec1flc duties, sul)stance of my reply to the Convention: all(l In w have whereby suitable encouragement may be o.lforded to the honor to rept:at. In a more formnl manner, a t c occaAm<.' l'iC :Ln indust1·y, cqu;dly to all ~lasses a~d. to a l.l por- sion j uetly demands, thnt. I :tcc~t.>t the non~inat.i\m w1th tlte tions of t.he country; an econom1cal a.dmm•strat10.n of resolutions annex ed. The poht1cal priliClples and mt·a~<the Uovemment in time of peace, ought to be derived urt!S laid clown In those resolutions are so broad that but frou1 rlutie~ on i 1 mportR, anc.l not frorn direct taxottion; little is lt!ft for me to ndd. I the refore barely suggest in :wrl in laying such diJti es, sound policy requires a Ju~t this place, t.hat should I, hy the partiali ty of my C<>U~l trydiscrimin sLtion, wherehy suitable en couragement may be men be eleva tec.l to the Ohler l\Iagist.r:tcy of the Uu 10u, 1 afforded to American industry, equally to all classes, and shan' be r ':.tdy in my connection with Congres~, to n~to nil p:u·t ·of the country. commend or a 1;prove of measures in regard to tl1e motn- BiO:'th.. 'J'h r• Constitution vests In Congress the p~wer agement of the public rloma.!n, so ns to secure an early to open an1l repair harbors, and rcrnove obstructiOns settlement of the same, favor:~ble to uctual settlers, bu~ from navigable riv er:'!, whenever such improvements are consistent, nevertheless, with a due regard to the ~qual nccess:try for the common defense, and .for the protec- r ight~ of the wl1ole American p eople Ia that va~t nat•onal tion !tnd facilit.y or commerce with foretgn nations, Ol' inheritance; and also to recommend or appro ve of a siuamong f,he .'tatc·-said impr~veme.nts l>eing in every glc a lt eration in our naturnliz~~t!on laws, sugges.ted by my instance u:ttional and general to the1r character. military exper ience, viz : O•vmg to ~til fure~b'll~r~ lilt• 4 'eoenth. 'J'he Federal and State U overnments nrc parts r ight of citi zenship, who shall faithfnii.Y ser.ve, 111 t 1111c o I of one system, alike n ece!:'~:~ary for the common prosper- war, one year on bonn! of our pul)iiC sh1p~, or .in our it.y, peace and security, and ought to be regarded alike land forces, regular or volunteer, on their recclvltlg au with :t cordial hal)itual and immoval.>le attachment. honorable d isciHtr!{e from tho service. In regar1l to the ltespect for the 'authority of each, antl acquiescence . in general policy of the :ul mini~tralion, If electec.l, I shoul(!, the just constitutional measures of each, are d.ut1es of course, look among those who mn.y approve that j)l)l •requ ired IJy the plainest consideratious of National, cy for the ngents t.o cnrry it into execution; nnd 1 ~houl d ~Late ancl in clividu1d welfare. seck to cultivate harmony anll frat ernal Reut1men t~ Ei(lh th. 'l'hat the series of acts of the 32d Congress, the t.hroughout the Whig party, without attempting to reAct known ns the lt'ugitlve Slave law included, nrc duce Its members, hy pro!!cription, to exact uniformity to recci vee! nnrl n.cquiescecl in by the Whig party of the my own v iews. Unitt:d ~tales n..'! a settlement in principle and substance nut I should at the same Ume he rigorous in regard to of the d;~ngcro us auc.l exciting questions wlt!clt they qualifications for olllce, r ctslining a nd appointing n~ one emhrace; :wd, so far as they ar~ con.ccrned, we will either deflclent in capt~city or integrity, ? r in clevnt1_on to m:Lint.ain them, s~nc.l insist upon the1r stnct enforcement, liberty, to tht: Constitution and the Un.wn. Oonnnccd until time an1t experience shall demonstrate the neces- that harmony o1· good will het.ween the dtlferent qnnrter~ sit.y of f1u·tller l egisla~ion to guard against the ~vaslon of of our bro;\d couutry is essential to the pre cut and Lh(' the btw.> on the one ha.nd and the abuse of thmr powers future interests of tlte lte]mblic, and wi th a uevotion to on tl•e ot.hcr - not impair:ng t.heir present ctficiency; and tho e interest~ that can kuow no South nnd no Nort h, 1 we tlcprccate all further agitation of t.lte <:Ine::~~lon thus should ueither countenance not tolerate any sedition, li•ljst: t tl cll. as 1!aug •rous to our p eace, and will diS~Ollllte· ord e r, faction or 1·e.~i tancc t.o the law or the Union on uance all cll'ur ts to continue or renew such t1gttatlon, any pretext, in any p:u·t of the Janel, otl_ltl! should .<:n r1 y whenever wherever or ltowevcr the attempt may be int.o the civi l udministration this one lH'IIICIJ)le of snll ll a ry m:\d • · an'<i we will n 1 taintain this system as essential to conduct-obedience to the legislativ<:l and judicial dethe n:~tionality of the Whig pMty, a.nu the integrity of partments of go vernment, eat:h in its con:>lltutional the Union. ~phere, s;wlng only in reRpect to the L'gisla.ture, the p08· sihle re ort to tht: veto p ower, nhvHy.:l to he 1110-<t cautiously exercised, ancl under the s t rictelit rest miuts and ncce sit ies. The above propositions were unanimously adopted wi th the exception of the last, which was earried by a. vote of 212 to 70: the delegated who votQu against it being supporters of Scott as :tr•ain t Fillmot·e and 'Veb ·ter in the 0 b:tl lotings above given. lt'iually for my strict, adiwrence to the principles of tho Whig par'ty, as expressed iu the resolu.tions of the Convention, nud he rein suggested, with a ::~mcere und e arne:~t purpol:!e to a.d vance the gt·catu ·~:1 and happme s of the llepublic, nne! thu<~ to cllcri~ll aud cneouragc the c:twlO. of constitutional lihel'IY throughout the world, !\ \'Oid1~g The vote by States, on t'C'solution, wa.s as follows: every act aucl thougl•t that lllil{ht involve. our c o tu~try 111 a.n unju~t or untii!Ce!!sa•·y war, or in.lJ~alr th.e f:t•Lh .or this (Compromise) treaties, unci discountenancing all pollttcal nguat1on~ tn-jurious to the interc~t!i of society 1111(1 dunge roul! to tltc Yt.as - l\Iaine 4 · N c 1v- Hamp~h l re, ;'); Vermont, 5 i Massa chttsetts, I 3; I Hhode Island, 4 ; (.) onnect1• cut, 4'' Nt:lv-Yo k II· New-.JCr!ry 1; PL•unsylvania, 2l; DeJa· W<Hc :~ · \t ;Uj 1 'land 8 · \ ' i;·orinia, 1-l ·, North Uarolina, , ' • ' ' l) • 1:,; ~o uth C·u·olina, 8; Ocorgia, 10; Alabama, 9; 1\hs- Ri~~ ppi, T; Louisiana, 6; ll'nio, 8; K ~ntucky, I~; 'l'cnn e::~see l .t · l ndia1U 7 · Ill :noi!l, G; J\h'isou rl, 9; Arkau- ~~l~ -~ ;' Flo' rida, 8 ; 'I ow' a, 1 ; W1. scons.m , 4 ; 'I' exa.s, 4 ; - ·~12. Union I can offer no other pledge or guarantee l.h;~n th • knC'Iwu' in cid en t:,~ or a long p•1 blic life, now undes·~oi11g the severest extunin<lt ion lfeeling my~ clf highi.Y lurt u1mt" in rny a:~soci ate on the tit:kt·t, ~ml wi th n lively scu•e of rny oblig.llions to Lhe OonventtOn, nnu to :>:our yer:<Oilal courte:~ies I have the honor to remain, 111r. Wllh gn·at cstecw y~ur 111 0:1t obetlictlt servant, I WI:Slt'IELD SCOTT. 'l'o llns. J . G. Cn.uo.11u, Presi.d··nt of thf Wh4g .Nu «<mal OoMention. |