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Show ) 10 A POLITICAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860. were brought into the fie!~ through legi -lative I New-1 01:k, presided over· th? delil A!rati_ons of the a.nd other machinery-vrz., Andrew Jackson, Convcntton, ~nd the. nonunees rece1 ved eac~ IIenry Clay, and John Quincy .Adams. The r~-~108_ votes. 'Ihe_ candidates accepted the nonnsult of this famous "scrub race" for the Prest- nntwn and reectved the electoral vote of V crd t!ncy was, that no one Wll.S elected by the mont ~nl_r. 'l'he Convention ~id. not enunciate people, Gen. Jackson receiving 99 electoral any diStinct pl1~tform ?f pnnc1ples, but upvotes, Mr. Adams 84, Mr·. Crawford 41, and Mr. pointed a comnuttce to tssuc an Address to the Clay 37. The election then devolved on the people. In due time, the address was puuli hed. House of Representatives, where Mr. Adam lt is quite as prolix: and verbose a~ modern powa. s chosen receivin()' the votes of 13 States, litical addresses; and, after statmg at great against 7 fo~· Gen. Jacl,son, and 4 for Mr. Craw- length tho necessary qualificatiolls for the foru. '!'his was the end of 41 KinO' Caucus." Chief of a great and free people, and presentGen. Jackson was immediately thc~eafter put ing a searching criticism on the institution of in nomination for tho ensuing term by the Le- free-masonry in its moral and political bearings, gi ' lature of Tennessee, having only Mr. Adams somewhat intensified from tho excitcmen~ for an opponent in 1828, when he was elected cau~ed by the (then recent) alleged murder of by a decided majority receivin(J' 178 Electoral William Morgan, for having r evealed the secrets Votes to 83 for Mr. Adams. Afr·. John C. Cal- of the Masonic Order, the Address comes to the houu, who had at first aspired to the Presidency, conclu ion thnt, since the institution had bein 1824, withdrew n.t au early stage from the come a political engine, political ngcncies must canvass, nnd was thereupon chosen Vice-Presi- be used to nYcrt its baneful effects-in other dent by a very large electoral majority-Mr. words, 41 that an enlightened exercise of the .Albert Gallatin, of Pen11sy lvania, (the caucus right of suffrage is the constitutional and candidate on the Crawford ticket,) being his equitable moue adopted by the Anti-Masons is only serious competitor. In 1828, Mr. Calhoun necessary to remove the evil they sufl'cr, and wa, the candidate for Vice-President on the produce the reforms they seek." Jackson ticket, and of course reelected. It was currently stated thn.t tbe concentration of the Crawford and Calhoun strength on this DEMOCRATIC OR JACKSO.N NATIOX.A.L ticket was mainly effected by Messrs. Martin CONVENTION-1832. Van Buren and Churchill C.Cambrcleng, ofNewy ork, during a southern tour made by them in 1827. In 1828, Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, wa tho canJidatc for Vice-President on the .Adams ticket. t?. S. ANTI-1IASO.NIC CO~VENTION-1830. The first political N a tiona! Convention in this country of which we hu ve any record was held at Philadelphia in September, 1830, styled the Uuitcd States Anti-Masonic Convention. It was composed of 96 delegates, representing the , tates of New-York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, Rhode Island, Pennsylvauia, New-Jersey, Delaware, Ohio, Maryland and the Territory of Michigan. .Francis Granger of K C\Y-York pre:i!ided; but no business was trausac tell beyond the adoption of the following I'C.solution: R esolved, That it is recommended to the people of the United States, opposed to secret societies, to meet In coo veotlon on 1\londay the 26th day of September, 1831, at the city of Baltimore, by delegates equal in number to their r epresentatives In both houses of Congress, to make nominations of sultaiJie candidates for the office of President and Vice-President, to be supported at the n0xt election, and for the transaction of such· other uu.>ioess as the cause of Anti-Masonry may require. There was no open opposition in the Democratic party to tho nomination of Gen. Jackson for a second term; but the party were not so well satisfied with Mr. Calhoun, the Vice-President; so a Convention was called to meet at Baltimore in May, 1832, to nominate a candidate for the second office. Delegates n ppeared and took their seats from the States of .Maine, N ew-llampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode I sland, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, .Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tenues ee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Gen. Robert Lucas, of Ohio, presided, and the regular proceedings were commenced by the passage of the following resolution: Reso~ved, That each State be entitled, in the nomina· tion to be made for the Vice-Presidency, to a number of votes equal to the number to which they will be entitled in th e electoral colleges, under the new apportionment, In voting for President and Vice-President; and that two-thirds of the whole number or the votes in the Convention shall be necessary to constitute a choice. This seems to have been the origin of the famous "two-thirds" rule which has prevailed of late in Democmtic National Conventions. The ConYcntion proceeded to ballot for a candidate for Vice-Presiuent, with the following In compliance with the foregoing cnll, a Na- result: tional.Anti-Mnsonic Convention was lleld at llalti- For Martin Van Buren: ~onnectlcut, 8 ; Illinois, 2; more, in September, 1831, which nominated Ohio, 21; Tennessee, 15; North Carolina, 9; Georgia, 11; W'll' ·n r· t f M 1 d f p 'd t d Louisiana., 6; P ennsylvania, 30; Maryland, 7; New· t 1am n lr ' o ary an ' or rest en ' au Jersey, 8; Mississippi, 4; Rhode Island, 4; Maine, 10 i .Amos Ell maker, of Pennsylvania, for Vice-Pre- Massachusetts, 14; Delaware, 8; New-IIampshire..~, 7; sidcnt. The convention was attended by 112 de- New-York, 42; Vermont, 1; Alabama, 1- Total, 20ts. le!!J.tcs fromtheStatesofMaine,New-Hampshhe, For Richard M. Johnson: Illinois, 2; Indiana, 9; " Kentucky, liS-Total, 26. Venuont, Massachusetts, Rhode I sland, Con- For Philip P. Barbour: North Carolina, 6; Virginia, necticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, 23; Maryland, 8; South Carolina, 11; Alabama, 6-- 0hio, Indiana, Delaware nnu Maryland -only Total, 49. Massachusetts, New-York and P ennsylvania Mr. Van Duren, having received more than !Jeing fully represented. John C. Spencer, of two-thirds of all the votes cast, was declared NATIONAL CONVENTIONS .AND PLATFORMS. 11 duly ~omi~a.t:d as the candidate of the party/ dint~ pr~decessor (J. Q . .Adams) by Gen. Jl\ck· for ,V ICe-Pt es1d~nt. . son m Ius Inaugural Address, and adds: 'I~1e. ~on~ent10n passed a resol~tto~ cordi~lly I The indecorum or this denunciation was hardly lese concui nng Ill the repeated nommat10ns which glaring than Jts essential Injustice, and can only be Gen. Jack on had received in various parts of r.amllcled .b.Y tha~ of the subsequent den'!oclaUon of the the country for reelection as Pre ident same AdmmustratiOn, on the same authonty, to a for eign • government. Mr. Archer, of Virginia, from the committC'e E . . . . . . . nppointed to prepare an address to the co >lc xcept10n IS taken. t~ the mdt crumnate rc-repot'tcd tlmt p 1 ' n:oval of all officers wtthm the reach of the PreThe committee, having Interchanged opinions on the eu~ject submitted to them, o.nd agreeing fully In the prmciples nnd sentiments which they believe ought to be embodied In an address of this description, if such an address were to be made, nevertheless deem it acl visahie under existing circumstances to recommend the adoption of the following resolutio'n : Re8olve<J, 'J.'hnt it be recommended to the several delegations in this Convention, in place or a General Address from this body to the people of the United States, t~ make such explaf!atlons by address, report, or otherWise, to their respecttve constituents, or the object proceedl~ gs and result of the meeting, ll8 they may deem expedient. Sident, who were not attached to his person or party. As illustrative of the extent to which this political proscription wns carried it is stated that, within a month after the inauguration of General Jackson, more persons were removed from office than during the whole 4.0 yeat·s that bad previously elapsed since the adoption of the Constitution. Fault is also found with the ~\uministration in its conduct of our foreign affai rs. Again the Address says: The result of this election was the choice of General Jackson, who received tbe electoral vote of the following States: Maine. 10; New-Hampshir e, 7'; New-York 4.2 · NewJ erscy, 8 ; Pennsylvania, 80 ; .!IIaryland, 81 • virginiA 23 i North Carolina, 15 ; Georgia, 11 ; 1'en~essce 15 ! Oh1o, 21 ; Louisiana, 5; 1\liss!ssippi, 4 ; Indian~ 9 ! lllinois, 6 ; Alabama, 1 ; Missouri, 4-Total, 219. ' ' For lllr. Clay : Massachusetts, 14; Rhode Island 4 · Connecticut, 8; Delaware, 8 ; .Maryland 5 · Kentu~ky1 11>--'fotnl, 49. ' ' ' ]'or John Floyd, of Virginia. : South Carolina 11 For William Wirt, of Maryland: Vermont, 7. ' ' Mr. Van Duren received only 189 votes for Vice-PI·esident, Pennsylvania, which cast her • ote for J ackson, having voted for Willinm Wilkins of th1tt State for Vice-President. John Sergeant, for Vice-President, received the snme vote as Mt'. Clay for President. South Carolina voted for Ilenry Lee of Massachusetts for Vice-President. ' On the great subjects of Internal policy, the course or the President has been so inconsistent and vacillating that it is impossible for any party to place confidence !~ his character, or to consider him as a true and effective friend. Dy avowing his approbation of a j udicious tariff at tile same time reoornrnendlng to Congress prcci!!ely th~ same policy which bt~.d boen adopted as the best plan ot attack by the opponents of that measure · by admitting the <'onstitutionality and expediency of Int~rnal Improve· menta of a N:ttlonal character, and at the same moment negativing the most important bills of this description which were presented to him by Congress, the President bas shown that he Is either n secret enemy to the system ~r that he is wllllng to eacrltlce the most important na~ t10nal objects in a vain attempt to conciliate the conflict.lng interests, or rather adverse party reeling and opinions of cllfferent sections of the country. Objection is taken to Gen. Jackson's war on the United States Bank, and tbe necessity and u_sefulness ofthat institution are argued at coustderable length. The outrageous and inhuman treatment of the Cherokee Indians by the State of Georgia, and the failure of the National .A.dmini~ tration to protec~ them in their rights, acqUired by treaty w1th the United States is also the s uujcct of animadversion in th~ the .Address. NATIO~AL REPUBLICAN C08VENTION- A resolve was adopted, recommending to the 1831. young men of ~he ~atioua~ Republican Party to The National Republicans met in convention at Baltimore, Dec. 12, 1831. Seventeen States and the District of Columbia. we1·e represented by l 57 delc.,ates, who cast a unanimous vote for llenry Clay, of Kentucky, for President, and ~ohn Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, for Vice-PreSident. James ll:trbour, of Vir()'inia presided 0 I I and the States represented were: Maine, New- IIampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island Connecticut, Vcrmout, New York New jersey P I • I I ennsy vama? Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolma, Kentucky 'l'ennessee Ohio Louisiana and Indiana. The Convention ~dopted no fol'll tal pl~tform of principles, but issued an Address, mn.mly devoted to a criticism on the Admiuistmtion of Gen. Jackson, asserting, n111ong other things, that- The po!lt.ical history or the Union for the last three se~rs e~h1 ~1ts a series of measures plainly dictated in all thetr pn_nc1pal features by blind cupidity or vindictive p.u.ty ~~1rlt, marked throughout by a disregard of good pol1cy, JU~tice, and every high and generous sentiment «.oc!, t err111nating in u dis olution of the Ct~binet un<le; c1rcumst~nces more discreditable than any of the kind to be met w1th in the annals of the civil:ze<.l \VOrld. hold a Convention m the ctty of \V asbington on the following May. Such a Couveution was accordin()'ly helJ at the Capital on the 11th of May JS32 over ':hich William C.ost Johnson, of .M~rylaud, prestded, and at which the followin()' amon()' other resolves, were adopted: 01 0 R esowed, That an adequate Protection to American Industry is indispensable to the prospedty of the country,; and that an abandonment or the policy at thi.i penod would be attended with consequences ruinous to the best interests of the Nation. Resolved,. That a uniform system of Internal Irnpro•ements, sul!tamed and supported by the General Government, is calculated to secure, In the bighost degree, the harmony, the strength and the permanency of 'be Republic. R esolved, Tba.t the lncllscrlmlnate removal of public officers, for a mere difference of political opinion, iB a gross abuse of power; and that the doctrine lately boldly preached iu the United States Senate, that" to the victors belong the spoil~:~ of' the vanqull!hed,, Is detrimental to tbe Interest, corrupting to the morals and dangerous to the liberties of' the people of thll! ~oun· try • DEMOCRATIC N ATIO~ AL CO~~VE~TIO~ 1835. , The addrc s alludes to the char(Te ei:v n11d corruption lCYelcd ng:ti~t of ineapa- In May, 1835, n National Convention repre· his imme- senting twenty-one States, n:3serubled at lla.lti· |