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Show . ~ ~ , . tions, whether 1 treaty, are held to be permanent. 1 The permanency of this tenure is further shown by the act of Con- I gress authorizing and direcling the Secretary of the Interior to nego-tiate with the Coeur d7A16ne tribe of Indians in Idaho for the nnrchase ~ ~ ~ and release of a portion of their reservation, which was established by executive order, (see Indian appropriation act: 1889, 25 Stats. p. 1002) ; also by the act ratifying agreement of May 14, 1880, whereby the Shoshone, Bannack, and Sheepeater Indians of the Lemhi Indian Reservation surrender for a valuable considoration that executive order reserve. Reseruatim by exeoutive order under autlhority of act of Congress.- These, six in number, comprising those of OoloradoRiverandGilaRirer, in Arizona; Hoopa Valley and RonndValley, in California; Uintah Val-ley and Uncompahgre reserves in Utah, have been authorized or estab-lished by act of Congress, and their limits defined by Executive order, or have been established first by exeoutive order, a.ud subsequently confirmed by Congress. Reservations eslablislied by act of Congress.-There are twentyeight of these, comprising the Kansas, Oakland, Osage, Otoe, Pawnee, and Ponca reserres in Indian Territory, for all of which, except a, portion of the Pawnee, deeds of conveyance from the Cherokee Nation have been issued; the \Tinnebago, in Nebraska; the Noapa, in Nevada; the nineteen Pueblos, in Nem Mexico, and the Siletz, in Oregon. All of these have been established or their limits defined by sundry acts of Congress. Reservations establislzd by treaty, and de$ned or enlarged by Ececulive order.-These, fifteen iu number, comprising the Deer Creek, Leech Lake, and Winnibigoshish, in Minnesota; the Navajg, in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah ; the Grande Ronde, iu Oregon ; the Lummi, Makah or Neah Bay, Nisqually, Port Madison, Puyallup, Quinaielt, SIKoko-mish, Snohomish or Tulalip, and the Swinomish or Perry's Island,in Washington, and the Red Cliff, in Wisconsin, have been established by negotiation with the respective tribes occupying them. The boundaries of some of these were so vaguely defined in the treaties as to require executive action to fix their proper limits, while others were so inade-quate for the requirements of the Indians, that Executive authority had to be invoked to extend their limits. Reservations established by treaty or agreement and reooflnized, up. proved, or enlarged by Congress.-These, but fire in number, comprising the Modoc, Pottawattomie, and Seminole, in Indian Territory; the Stockbridge, in Wisconsin; and the Wind River, in Wyoming, pos-sess a11 the force and effect of treaty reservations. By unralifled treaty.-The Wichita Reservation in Indian Territory is defined in an nuratified agreement, made October 19, 1872, and is lo-oated within the limits of the reservation of the Cheyenne and Ara- |
