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Show { 23] 74 · were, according to. Vanega~, seven st?ries .high: and at Tagique the houses were. ev1dently several stones htgh. Add to this that at Quivira there is yt>t to be seen the remains of aqueducts. Now I think it can be showp, that the people ~f Mexico and its imme~ -diate vieinity built their houses several stories high, while the other nations that the Spaniards saw d.id not build to a greater heiglit than one story. Soli~ say~, the city of I~.tacpalpa consisted of houses two and three stones l11gh. In. the c1ty of Mtxico he mentions that th~ king'.s jester l.odged in t?e 3econd ,story ol the house that contallled h1s zoologtcal collectiOns. He also states 1 that there was a thick wall, reaching from a neighboring mountain' ~ith two open canals of stone a~d limeJ of which one was alway~ muse whenever the other requtred cleaning. In another place ' " th ere appeare d on one st. d e two or t h ree rows of pi. pes matle of, trees hollowed, supported by an aqueduct pf lime and sto~e." On the other hand, it is stated "th·at the India11s of the coast .made their houses of stakes, interwove11 with boughs and Jea\·es, having in many places no other houses." ~h.e present ruins of buildin.gs that we find at Abio, Quarra, and ~utnr.a, were erected by lndtans under the direction of the SpanIsh _pnest; we find such men as father Kino, who settled among the Incltans, u.rged by a zeal f?r the cause of the holy cross; and they soon obta111ed so great an 1nfluence over the Indians as to be enabled to er~ct "houses, chapels, to form villages and towns." Vanegas ment10ns a holy man, named Juan Padellas who went to Quivira sh~rtly aft~r the visit of Francisco Coronac!'o. The soldiery neve: statd Jo~g 1ll any of the ~ndian villages, they were more inclined to searc~ tor gold t~an rlesuous ~f instructing the natives in archi· tectu_~e, by erect1ng houses; or m architecture and religion by the erect10n o~ chapels in which they worshiped. ..' In the htstory of Clavegero, one will find many things which tend tdo prov. e the· mos t s t fl'Il··l llg st·m t·1 an·t y between the anc1. ent races 1 that Awe~t ln Nt:·w Me~ico, and the tribes which people the region of m na uaJ:fi Ch~vegero says, they "constructed, in their pilgrimage, S any e 1 c.es m those places where they stopped for some years. orne rhe matns are s t1'l l ~x1· st·m g, as we h;:tve already mentioned, Zupon t e banks of the R1o Gila, in Pimeria and near the city of <.catecas " I th 1 ' ' A t h · n ano er p ace, speakinO' of the emigration of the z ecs e " h · o f b ' dsays~ anng pflssed the Red River (Rio Colorado,) rom ey;)n Jat t d 3,..o 1 ' f. b R' .1 u e D , t 1ey proceeded towards the southeast as ar as t e 10 Gda h h t th . 1 'w ere t cy stopped for some time· for at presen ere are sti I re , · t b . . ' . on the borders mains 0 . e seen of the great edifices budt by the~, r> of that nver. From t..ence having resumed thetr ~ ourse toward th h ' L 1 t.t J s sou ·sout east, they stopped in about 29° of nortu cait 1 uo fe C hait a pla· ce w h' h · h IC' Is. more than 200 miles distant from t e b' ytl huahua, towards north-northwest. This place is known Y 1e name of Case d · · · t'll exl. t' 1 . gran 1,, on account of an Immense ed1fice s l s mg·wlich ag bl h · I Wa s b Ul I't b y th ' Mr ee.a Y t.o t e u.m versal tradition of these p.e op e., c t e extcans m then perigrinations. This ed1fice IS oofn tsh ructefdl on the Pl an °f t h ose of New Mexico· that is . const.s tz.n g ree oors, with a terrace above them, and witho'ut any en· 75 [ ~3] • ·trance to the under floor. The door for entrance to the building is on the second floor, so that a ~caling ladder is necessary; and the inhabitants of New Mexico build in this .manner, in order to be less exposed to the attack of their enemie!'; p1ltting out the ~caling ~ad der only for those to whom they give admission into their houses. No doubt the Aztecas had the~ n t" motive for raising their edifice's on the same plan, as every mark of a fortress is to be ob ·served about it, being defended on one side by a lofty mountain, 11nd the -rest of it being surrounded by a wall about seven feet th·ic·k, the foundations of which are stiJl existing. In the centre of this vast fabric is a little .mound, made on purpol'e, by what appears, .:to keep guard over and observe the enemy. There have been some ditches formed in this place, and several kitchens utensils have been ·found, sueh as earthen pots, dishes, jars, and little looking glasses .of stones itztliY , · We are struck with the grt~t similarity between the "casa grande," and the buildings at" Acoma" and the" Pueblo oe Taos." Did .we need stronger proof of the common origin of the New Mextcans and the Aztecs, we find it al~o in Clavigero, in the fol. lowing words: "Besides, from Torquemada and Betancourt we have proof of it," (be means by it merely that the nations of Ana ·~uac came from the north,)" on a journey made by the Spaniards In 1~06, from New Mexico to the river Tijon, 600 miles from tha~ province, towards.the northwes~; they found there some large ediiices, and met with some Indians who spoke the Mexican lan~ uage." ~ haye made mention several times of the kingdom of" Cibolo." Th1s kl~gdo.m was eomposed of seven towns; which calls to mind that the natiOns of An.ahuac were composed of Xochimilca~, TepaJlecas,. Chalchese, Hah10cas, TJas.calans, CoJhuans, anrl. Mexicans, .seven m n~1mb~r; and they are said to have preserved th1s anangement of tnbP.s m alJ their wanderings . . hAnd now Jet us try to locate the "Cibolo," or the kingdom of t e bu~alo. We find at the present time two places in New Mexi{! o, Which bear in their names traces of this "Cibolo " One 't• calle 1 "C'b 11 ' · '3 • • ' 1 o eta," and the other" Joya de Cibolleta." The first ·I~tsituated about 60 miles west of the Rio del Norte· the 1:-ttter is Vst aunae ttd u pon h · . ' . t at nver, oppostte the mouth of the R10 Puerco. 1 gas st~tes, that Vasquez Coronado marched f'rom the seven ~w_.n~ of Cibolo to Tigue, on a river where he got inte11igence of 3"t0U0I vtra. and "th t b d . . 1 ' a a o y of Spamards were sent thtther, beinCT Fromeati~es fu ~ther, a) ong a I eve I country, but thin 1 y p eo p 1 ed ,7 tance be? we learn. that Coro~ado's party had to mareh some dis<> rder 'to ore reach~ng- that nver, and then had a long mr~rch, in passed r~~ch Qu1v1ra; and that the country over which they A was a 1evel country." 'Of t~eh~~ be 1 en already stated, Cibol1et~ is some 50 or 60 rpiles west co and 10 eel Norte,(which is in fact the only river in New Mexi- 11 n d 0 m u 8 t be t.h e on e refer r e rf to o n w h i c h Tigue w n s situ a ted ) Jevel cne can ma.rch from Cibolleta to Quivira, and keep upon 'a ountry, gomg through the pass in the mountains near Abo. I |
