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Show [ 23] tbe mean t t.m: e h a d ,s ufficient leisure to examd i.nb e thh e t ruins nWea r Ta-. que par t o f w l11' ch are at pres~ ent covere• y t e owhn . d e noh- hg:et ed 'm oun d s f rom 6 to 7 feet high ' ru. nmng d11u eI n..o~. rt t an sout d, east an d wes t - an arrangement pecuhar toI ba l nuMta n . owns, aWn hich seems to be pretty generally adoptee y t ~~ extcans. e ~eked up some pieces of adobe that looke? a.s 1f they ~ad. been pb urne d b y fi re. At one place the mounds mdtcatIe d a bfu ddtngh ' of • ..1 able s'1ze· this we took to have been a p ace o wors tp, aconnds lalfleter rwards le' arned that the Mex1· cans ca ll e d •'.t th e c h urc· h . As we drew close to the present town, we nohced some p~ople u_,.t ggm· g ear th to make adobes·' they bad. exhumed a wall·, kc ons1stmf g f dobes with a surface of 18 by 19 wches, and a thtc ness o .2 fnc~es. As we pursuec;l our examinations, we found these mounds divided by walls, into chamber~ not more than 5 feet square. These -could not- have served for sleepmg rooms, as no one ?ould stretch out comfortably; we therefore concluded that they must have he.en the lower stories of buildings, such as those of Taos, Santa Domingo, and Acoma; and the great mass of debris arou~d th~se wans, shows that these buildings were once. several stones ~tgh. We saw pieces of pottery, simil.ar to that now ~sed at the vanous Pueblos · also arrow heads of milky quartz, whtch bear the same propo; tion to the diameter of the arrow in present use, as is here represented. The people who were digging said that they sometimes found ·"metates·" these are the stones called "metlatl," by the Azteca~, on which' the Indians put their corn, in order to grin~ it. One IS :not likely to observe these mounds unless they are powted out. Bidding farewell to our friends, we started off, and after a ~arch of 3 miles, in a southwestern direction, wle encamped at the v1llage of "T<?rreon,'l a place containing not !llo!e than 20 house~, formed ·in the same manner as those at old Chthh. Here we found a. fine large stream, that hursts forth at once from a grand spring in the side of the ravine above the town. As we approached, some ducks started up from the clear water; they were the teal and mallard. In the afternoon, we went to visit the town, and there saw the looms with which the Mexicans , manufacture their tilmas, or blankets-the "til matli" of the Aztecas. * These looms are similar to those one meets with in the United States, except in the con- ·struction, which is· of the rudest. kind. . . In the evening, some of the town folks came to make us a ~Istt; they appeared to be a very gay-hearted set, and w·e had qUite a I • Bee Oluigero. • .. • 69 [ 231 merry talk, and a smoke; for men and women are always provided with the cornhusk, or. shuck, and tobacco to make their cigarritos. November 3.-Havmg ~urchased some corn at Tagique, wi:th which we commenced feedmg our mules, they seem to be less inclined to wan de~· away, and.no ti.me is n·ow l.ost in catch ·ng them. We were, therefore, off betimes m th~ mf)rnmg, although we again had but a short march, ·for the distance from "Torreon" to "Manzano" noes not exceed 8 miles. On the road side, we noticed a great deal of the sa~e species of holly that we had seen in the "caiion infierno." We also saw the "pinon," and the varieties of cedar; one of which our Spanish guide called "cedro," and the other ''savino.'' To the east, and about 17 miles distant, there are several small lakes, into which the streams in this vicinity empty their tribute. These lakes ba ve no out] e~, being situated in the bottom of a basin 25 miles in wid.th, and 50 miles in length. ' We caught s1ght of "Manzano" when but midway between it and our mo~ning's camp. I~ is one of the largest towns that we have me~ wtth on the west ~1de of the river. Many of the houses have thetr fronts neatly whitewashed, and the church has its whole fa5~ade ~hitewashed with a preparation of calcined selenite. This mineral IS often used as a substitute for glass in window sashes. When we first neared the town, several of the inhabitants came <>ut to meet us with guns in their hands. The people still have a lin~e~ing_ inc.lination for the old government, and although none of thetr Instltu.ttons have been changed, yet it will be some time . ,hefor~ they. will regard the entrance of Americans otherwise than as an 1ntruswn. We encamped close to an "acequia." that feeds the mills of the town, after passing through the most central streets of the place. . Near o~r camp. there ~as a large grove ·of apple trees; and on the east Side of the town, near the mountains, a second grove. Th.e trees are planted very close together. These groves give the name to the town of "Manzano." . In the afternoon, we visited the town and its environs. On the su.le towarcls the mountains, there is a large dam, constructed of enb-work, 12 feet wide, and 8 feet high, and 100 feet long, formed ~f rough log~, and the interior is filled up with stones and earth. ust now the lake is nearly drierl up, and the little mills that its Waters used to turn have not sufficient power to grind the miller's corn. !h.e~e mil1s, like everything else in New Mexico, are of v~.Y P~lmlt1ve style. There is a vertical axis, on the lower end of b tch IS t~e water· wheel; the other end passes through the 1 ower u.rr, and Is firmly connected with the upper stone, which, as the 3~18 turns, revolves upon the lower stone. Above all this, hangs a ~rge hopper of ox-hirle, kept open at the top by a square frame an •. narrowed off towards the bottom, so as to present the form of an /nv~r~.ed cone. In the extremity of the bag is a sma1l opening ~~;n th:s IS fastened _to a little. thro~tgh. One end of this trough g · upp?rted by Its connexton wtth the hopper, the other end ()r mouth 1 t · d b · . ' ' s sus a1ne y a honzontal stnp Of wood, of which an |