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Show ~0 diff-:rcnt parte;, ~ltd arc al(o n:rrngly (ecun.:d 011 hoth (h( reG. 0~Cl th.tt part cf the 1 iver wh''rc the ch.mncl lies, they :trc fo co, tr;.,cd tlLlt :1. piece can be ren1ovetl to allow vdT(.·ls to p.1 !"c:; throu~h. The(-.: bnJ0c•; :1rc frl'quently d 1magcd, and fometime::; entirr·ly carried .tw ty, Ulll in~~ floods, at the breaking np of winter, cfpcci.llly if there happens to be nwch icc f1o.Hing in the river. To guard ng<linfl: thi<>, when d.tngtT is apprchendld and the flood does not come on too r.lpiLly, they un L11len all the chains by \\ hich the bridge is con f1n cd in its proper pbrc, and then let the whole fio:lt down with the Clre~lln to a convcnicnt1 .trt of the lhore, wh~t c it can be hauled up and fccured. The country, after paning tl1e Schuylkill, i · plcnflngly divcd1ficcl 'vith rlllng grounds and woods, <11ld :1ppears to be in a gooJ ilate of cultivation. The firO: town of any note which you come to is Chdlcr, fifteen n11lcs from Philaddphia; thi town contains about fixty dwellings, and is remarkable for being the place where the fir{l: colonian n1fembly fc1t. Fron1 the neighbourhood of this town there is a very grLtnd view of th<.! river Dehwarc. About half a mile before you con1c to \Vilmington is Brandy-wine River, rcmarl·able for jts tnill~, no lds than thirteen being built almofl: clofe to each other upon it. The water, juO: 3bove the brid n-e which - b is thrown over .it, comes tumbling down with rr 'at violcn c over a bed of rocks; and [cats, at a v~ry triH ing cxpcn (c, could be m. de i(>r th ret! times the nUJnber of tnill::; already built. V dfds carrying 1 ,ooo bu(hels of wheat can come dofe up to them, and by means of machinery their cargoes arc received from, or dcJivcred to tben1 in a very expeditious manner. Among the mills, U)lnc arc for flour, fon1e for fil·win1r of wood, and others for il:one. The improvements which have been mack in the tnachinery of the flour n1ilJs in America arc very great. The chief of thefc confifl: in a new application of the fcrew, and the introduCtion of what arc called elevators, the idea of wflich was evidently borrowed from the chain pump. The [crew is made by fiickin•,. finall t~in pieces of board, a bout three inches long and two wide, into 6 a cylinder, fo as to fonn the fpiralline. This [crew is placed in a horjzontal pofition, and by turning on its axis it forces wheat or flour fr01n one end W I L M I N G T 0 N. en l of a trough to the other. F or in11.l!1:c, in the tr011 ,3h which rc ~ ceivcs the meal immcdiatt·ly co nin~ fi·om the flones, a krcw of thi'> d l·in.l is pllccd, hy which thL· mc:1l is forced Oil, to the difb ncc of fix or eight feet }·Crlw.ps, in tv :1. r~..:fcrvo!r; ft 0111 thence, withotJt any m.lnual labour, it is conveyed to the very top or tht; lnill by the elevators, which confiJl: of a nnmbcr of fxnall buckets or the fizc of rca-cups, attached to a long band that goes round a whed at the top, and auother at the botton1 of the tnill. As the band revolves round the wheels, thcfc buckets dip into the rcfcrvoir of wheat or flour below, and take th eir loads up to the top, where they empty thcmfdvcs as they turn rounc.l the upper wheel. The ckv.ltors ar in t lofcd in (~lllarc wooden tubes, to prevent thern (j·om catching in any thing, and a I Co to prcvcn t duf1. By tnean<> of thcil! two fimplc COiltrivances no 1nanual bbour is required Ji·o111 the monu~nt the wheat is taken to the tnill till it is converted into fluur, and ready to be packed, Jut in_; the v~u ious p:·ocefles of fcretning, grinding, fifLing, &c. \,Yilmington is the capital of the fiatc of Dela\'i'arc, and con tains about f1x hundrcc.l h~.mfcs , which nrc chit fiy of bri k. The fl:t'Ccts arc laid out on J. plan fotncwhat fim il1r to that of Phibdcl phiJ. There is nothing very intcrefiing in this town, 11nd th~ r ou11try 1 ouncl about it jr; fLit and itdipid. Eikton, twenty-one rniles di fLtnt from \Vilmington, 3nd the firfl: town in Maryland, contains about ninety iwlitrcrent houfc<>, which arc built without any regularity; it is a dirty dilagrceahlc pltcc. In th;s neighbourhood I fir·(l took notice of lo:~-hou(cs ; tho(~ which I had hitherto Jcen having been built cithcr of brick or fionc, or elfe confirutlccl with wooden fr:11ncs, {hcathed on the ot1tfldc with boards. The log-houfes arc cheaper than any others in a country where there is abundance of wood, and generally arc the fi.r(l: that arc erected on a new fettlemcnt in America. The fides confiil: of trees jufl fquarcd, and placed horizontally one upon the other; the ends of the logs of one fide rcfiing alternately on the ends of thofe of the adjuining fides, in notches; the intcrfiices between the Joers arc il:oppcd with clay · :.~.nd the b J ) roof is covered with boards or with fhinglcs, which arc (mall pieces of wood in the fhape of fiates or tiles, and which arc ufed for that purpofc, with |