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Show xii CO:'\~ TENTS. CHAPTER XII. Falkland Islands-Excursion round island-A~pect-.Cattle, horses, r~b-. . . fi F" made of bones-Art m makmg fire-Manner o£ b1t wolf-hke ox- ue · h ' · "ld ttle· -Geolorry fossil shells-Valleys filled w1t great huDtmrr WI ca " ' f d · f: e~ts scenes of violence- Penguin- Geese- Eggs o ons- Zraogomph ytes' , coralline phosphorescent-c ompoun d am· mals . 245 CHAPTER XIII. Strait of Magellan-Port F'amine-Geology-Deep water in channelsErratic boulders-Climate-Limit of fruit trees-Mean temper~tureLuxuriant forests-Rigour of antarctic islands-Contrast With the north-Snow-line, great flexure of-Glaciers-Icebergs tran.sport fra?· ments of rock-Glaciers in low latitude-:-Absence o~ errat~c block.s m · tertropical regions-Glaciers and tropiCal vegetat10n-Compar1s~n :ith northern hemisphere-Siberian animals. in ice-ELmbeddTc~ m cold mud-Edible fungus-Zoology-Fucus g1ganteus- eave terra del Fuego · 263 CHAPTER XIV. Valparaiso-Excursion to base of Andes-Structure of land-Ascend Bell of Quillota-Shattercd masses of greenstone-Immense valleysMines- State of miners-Santiago-Hot baths of Cauquenes-Gold mines-Grinding mills-Perforated stones-Habits of puma-El turco and tapacolo-Humming-birds . . • . 308 CHAPTER XV. Chiloe-General aspect-Boat excursion- Native Indians- CastroLarge leaves of Gunnera scabra-Tame fox-Ascend San PedroChonos Archipelago-Peninsula of Tres Montes-Granitic rangeLowe's Harbour-Wild potato-Forest-Formation of peat-Myopotamus, otter and mice-Cheucau and barking-bird-Furnarius-Singular character of ornithology-Petrels • 333 CHAPTER XVI. San Carlos, Chiloe-Osorno in eruption-Ride to Castro and CucaoImpenetrable forests-Valdivia-Apple-trees-Ride to Llanos-Indians- Earthquake-Concepcion-Great earthquake-Effects of wave -Rocks fissured-Appearance of the former towns-Water in the bay black and boiling-Direction of vibration-Stones displaced-Cause of great waves-Permanent elevation of land-Great lake of fluid rock beneath crust of the globe-Connexion of volcanic phenomena-Slow elevation of mountain chains, cause of earthquakes • 350 CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTER XVII. Valparaiso-Passage of Andes by Portillo pass-Sagacity of mulesMountain torrents-Mines, how discovered-Marine alluvhtm in valleys- Effect of snow on surface-Geology, fossil shells, double range, tyvo periods of elevation-Red snow-Winds on the crest-Snow thawing in pinnacles-Dry and clear atmosphere-Electricity-Pampnsioology of opposite sides of Andes-Uniformity of Patagonia-Locusts -Great bugs-Mendoza-Uspallata-Silicified trees in vertical position- Indian ruins-Change of climate-Earthquake arching bed of river-Cumbre-Valparaiso. . 882 CHAPTER XVIII. Bell mountain-Miners-Great loads carried by the Apires-Coquimbo -Earthquake-Geology-Terraces-Excursion up valley-Road to Guasco-Desert country-Valley of Copiap6-Rain and earthquakes, Meteorolites-Hydrophobia-Copiap6-Excursion to Cordillera-Dry valley-Cold gales of wind-Noises from a hill-lquique, complete desert-Salt alluvium-Nitrate of soda-Lima-Unhealthy countryRuins of Callao, overthrown by earthquake-Elevated shells on island of San Lorenzo-Plain with embedded fragments of pottery . 416 CHAPTER XIX. Galapagos Islands volcanic-Number of craters-Leafless bushes-Colony at Charles Island-James Island-Salt-lake in crater- Character of vegetation- Ornithology, curious finches-Great tortoises, habits of, paths to the wells-Marine lizard feeds on sea-weed-Terrestrial species, burrowing habits, herbivorous-Importance of reptiles in the Archipelago- Few and minute insects-American type of organization-Species confined to certain islands-Tameness of birds-Falkland Islands -Fear of man an acquired instinct. . 453 CHAPTER XX. Tahiti-Aspect of-Vegetation on the slope of the mountains-View of Eimeo-Excursion in the interior-Profound ravines-Succession of waterfalls-Number of wild useful plants-Temperance of inhabitants -Their moral state-Parliament convened-New Zealand-Bay of islands-Hippahs-Absence of all government-Excursion to Waimate -Missionary establishment-English weeds now run wild-WaiomioFuneral service-Sail from New Zealand . 479 CHAPTER XXI. Sydney-Prosperity of-Excursion to Bathurst-Aspect of woods-Party of Natives- Gradual extinction of aborigines-Blue MountainsWeatherboard- View of a grand gulf-like valley-Sheep farm-Lionant- Bathurst, general civility of lower orders-State of society-Van VOL. III. C |