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Show 210 211 rendering prtliee (tr civil services. The military reprexentatives‘ of (iermanv and Austria emphasized "the lmperinth necessities of wenerals in-tlie tield :" but the (‘mtlerene ‘ adnpted the alwve rules :IHthlltttUttSlM as it (lid also the rule that the rullinf.‘r <tnel; (if rail« \tav enmpaiiies coming frnm the territory of neutral pmver> and mvned hv those pmvers or hv enrpnrations~ 01' private persons ran lie t't't]tlli\lth|11(‘(l and u<ed hv a belligerent only in the ea<e and tn the extent that an imperinus neeessity demands, and that it mu>t he returned as sown a5 ptissilde tn the country ml' its ori " \vhile neutrals mav it' necessary retain and utilize. in enmpenSa- tinn. >ueh property enminer trnnt a belligerent 1)fl\\tl‘. lly this last rttle i~ prnteeted the paramntmt right of neutral enmmeree tn unrex‘trirted railway transpnrtatitni; and by a further l't"~ttlttltt)tl it i~ made "the special (lut_v inf the enmpetent military and Civil {llltllttl'lllt'S tn prrtteet in time of war the maintenance ut' paeilie relatitrnx‘. espee tlly enmntercal and indu>trial relatinus. hetween the inhahitauts (it the belligerent muntries and thme Ul- neutral >tate<." film" i «own «WM 'lihe<e rules. thuug'h few in nunther, are of great intpvnz tanee. ~inee thev nut (tulv les>en the danger of warfare earned hr di~pute~ uver neutral rights, but alsr» Circuuwcrihe mm‘e nar- rinvlt' than heretut'nre the Closed lists of enmhat. ant tJlll\' \\'a_\‘ the <hadrr\\' Hf the hellig'erent enlrtvus ttprin the. land redueed hr the ennlerenetx. hut he \vax' given very pmitire tintit‘e that he did nut out] the high SL‘ZtH, and euuld nut use them a» he pleawd in warring agaitnt hix‘ enent-vt lle \\'a~' turbidden tn uxe unaneltmred suhmarine mitte<. 11111088 ennstrueted in such man- ner ax tn llt'CtHllL‘ harmles~ \\ithin one hmtr after their mutrnl has lieen lmt: he was t'ttrhidden the uxe tit anehrtred t‘ttlttt'\ \\ltieh (it) nut ltLC/tlllC harmlexs ax \ttttll as they lirealt' their cahles: he was furhiddeu tn uxe autnmnhile lttl‘llt‘fl4)(‘.\ \vhieh d4) nut lt('t‘tt!ll\' harmle~~ \then thev have ttli5<(‘fl their aim; he \t'a~ frirhitlden tn plaee "\uhtnarine minw altunq the 0|:th and in frrmt (ii the prtrt< mi ln~ ent-mit< \tith the wle purptixe Ml intereeptinq eutmneree: he was rerptired tn take ever_v preeaution ti» prnteet peat‘elttl navi- gation aqainxt sulnnarine minem and tn eause them [1» heewzne mmlern demunx (if the sea may he apprei‘iated from the tart th‘-t three - years alter _, ‘ the close' (If the l{t1.\.~‘tI-l£ltiztttt'<t‘ ‘ _ . War t the (hint , t ">e government "as still obliged . . > tn fltl'ttlhl] it» were I}; \'e.~'~‘el< \\llll , . to remnve and dextrny special instruments the tln Ming mine: with \VlltCll the helhe‘erents had \rnr n not (ntlv the neighhor ing‘ high was hut (Thina‘a _ mt'n territurial \r aters aa well; that. in \pite el' every preeautmn. a very emtsiderahle numlier hf (muting shipx, . ng ‘ boats, juult fishi . s and sampam have tuundered {1\ a result til> . . ‘ >ll‘llittlg' these Ittttl('\; and that more than live l tundrrd tieaeetr'l . (,hm ese Citizens, peaceful ly pursuingr their tveeupatiun.~. have \n‘itell-eld :11 (‘Iruel deatlh l'rnm these danger-hie engintx «xi uarfari: w u e 1e tves‘ 0 timtsand; (If )Il‘.\t' l \ nu h ‘ e ‘ '1 (1‘4 liners have lieen in imminent ptl-ril frunt them.1 L 5" H The further attempta to prnteet lit'll tral enznmerve .. ' "All W11 h) a mare re.~trietive definition (it lilrielzade, ht ahwlwhine er hv eltm-h t': tiny ing' euntrahand of war and hr pruhihitintg' the de~trueti< n wt neutral prize ‘ s, did not succeed in the emitter: prev hut t\\ent‘~. \lV of the llllllt:)ll\ vuted fur the radieal liritsh pimpmiiinn ti» alivli-« h euntrahand til war, and it wax a ‘l't'ttl that huth Ittlliet‘rent and neutral prizes might lie permitted hr neutra l punt-ix tw he "t‘tillt"* tered within their harh/nx‘ and the.» ~Zt\i'tl mm tlt‘\lt'ttt‘lltttl, Ilillt' encouraging di\eu>siun til these lllt't‘e lune naming and l.nnttv pruhlems of internatiunal lair l'e\ttllt' tl. alm, in the inwtine wt 1 Naval Cmuferenee in ldervn, lrtem l,)eeem htr. Inirt‘i'. tn l‘thruart. 1909, in \vhieh ten (it the leadiner maritime t>t>\\t't' \ partieipattil. and in whieh zwreentenh \\ere arrived at ttrr mueh 5: net ml with those lureshadutrtd at 'l'he Hague. V ltt confining \vart‘are \rithin ax narrnu limitx a- pm iltlt' the eunt'erencex' did not tlevnte tht ir attentinn tfu'ithi tt'll In the a wt tinn tif neutral rie Itsi ltut prutteted the ltrllie eienh them ~‘_'l\'k » ti- tar ax prmihle ae‘aimt each ether: ['nder the gallant leader>l1ip «vi lJr. \\hite and Mr. t hnate, til the l'tiited Manx t\\'etil}'anM‘ natiunx nere indut'e d tn ea~t their \‘ttlt‘S in fzttnr tit~ prrthihitin'; the rapture Hi the pritate property (it the enemy in uarfare upmn the wt. and althwunh mer the other IV4I\\ t t-~ this American prupmitittn i'zriltgd ml aduptitvn, ll hax lawn w empha<ized and pnpularized helere the \vurld that it will \try 'lhe :trlvanee regixtered lay the etntt‘erenew tn eurlnng‘ lllC‘k at least he agreed upnn by the great ntaiwrit}: nt' the natiutt, in harmh u- after a limited timt: h_\' remuvine‘ th<tn, guarding; them ie' the tlangermnx' reginns and nut prtnhahlt' he adepted hy the 'l‘hird (Mitten-nee at 'l'he Hague, nr |