| OCR Text |
Show 9 surprisingly share the POMC-lineage early on in the mouse hypothalamus (Padilla et al., 2010). It is also interesting to note that Pomc expression starts at E10.5 whereas Npy expression starts at E14.5 (Padilla et al., 2010). This suggests that neuropeptides that start to express early in mouse hypothalamus, such as Pomc, may also function as a cell fate determination factor independent of its function in adult. Shimogori and colleagues presented a groundbreaking genomic-wide gene expression atlas by microarray and section in situ hybridization on more than 1,000 selected genes through different stages in the mouse hypothalamus (Shimogori et al., 2010). They showed dynamic expression patterns for different genes throughout developmental stages. They also defined different early mouse hypothalamic nuclei by molecular markers. Their unprecedented work in combination with the GenePaint Atlas and the Allen Brain Atlas are proving useful and important to all hypothalamic research (Ng et al., 2009; Visel et al., 2004). Molecules have been identified to control embryonic neurogenesis that stays in specific hypothalamic nuclei until adult stage, for example, Nkx2.1 for the DMN, VMN and ARC, Rax and Ascl1 for the VMN and ARC (Burbridge et al., 2016). In most cases, such transcriptional factors regulate expression of the identity neuroendocrine peptides, such as Npy and Agrp expression regulated by Bsx, and Pomc expression regulated by Ngn3 and Islet1 (Burbridge et al., 2016). Many transcriptional factors have been knocked out conditionally early in mice hypothalamus and a behavioral defect was reported, including Dbx1 (Sokolowski et al., 2015), Islet1 (Nasif et al., 2015), Nkx2.1, Hmx2/Hmx3, Nr5a1 and Nhlh2 (Bedont et al., 2015; Burbridge et al., 2016). |
