OCR Text |
Show 138 of the facial bones, whose conformation 1s so decisive as regards the form and expression of the head, have been preserved. The cranial capacity, compared with the uncommon strength of the corporeal frame, would seem to indicate a small cerebral development. The skull, as it is, holds about 31 ounces of millet-seed; and as, from the proportionate size of the wanting bones, the whole cranial cavity should have about 6 ounces more added, the contents, were it perfect, may be taken at 3 7 ounces. Tiedemann assigns, as the cranial contents in the Negro, 40, 38, and 35 ounces. The cranium holds rather more than 36 ounces of water which corresponds to a capacity of 1033·24 cubic centimetres. H uschke estimates the cranial contents of a N egress at 1127 cubic centimetres; of an old Negro at 1146 cubic centimetres. The capacity of the Malay skulls, estimated by water, equalled 36, 33 ounces, whilst in the diminutive Hindoos it falls to as little as 27 ounces." After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with many others, ancient and 1nodern, Professor Schaaffhauscn concludes thus :- " But the human bones and cranium from the N eanderthal exceed all the rest in those peculiarities of conformation which lead to the conclusion of their belonging to a barbarous and savage race. Whether the cavern in which they were found, unaccompanied with any trace of human art, were the place of their interment, or whether, like the bones of extinct animals elsewhere, they had been washed into it, they may still be regarded as the most ancient memorial of the early inhabitants of Europe." Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. Schaaffhausen's paper, has enabled us to form a very vivid conception of the degraded character of the Neanderthal skull, by placing side by side with its outline, that of the skull of a Chimpanzee,. drawn to the same absolute size. a ,. .;:::;... .. --: ·-! : ·.,.-~ :-- . -._, ? ~- FIG. 25.-The skull from the Neanderthal cavern. A. side, B. front, and C. top view. One half the natural size. Tho outlines from camera lucida drawings, one half the natural size, by Mr. Busk: the details from the cast and ti·om Dr. Fuhlrott's photographs. a glabella; b occipital protuberance; d lambdoidal suture. |