OCR Text |
Show 1~2 trace of disturbance: teeth of rhinoceros, horse, hyoona, and bear, surrounded it on all sides. The famous Blumenbach* has directed attention to the differences presented by the form and the dimensions of human crania of different races. This important work would have assisted us greatly, if the face, a part essential for the determination of race, with more or less accuracy, had not been wanting in our fossil cranium. We are convinced that even if the skull had been complete, it would not have been possible to pronounce, with certainty, upon a single specimen; for individual variations are so numerous in the crania of one and the same race, that one cannot, without laying oneself open to large chances of error, draw any inference from a single fragment of a cranium to the general form of the head to which it belonged. Nevertheless, in order to neglect no point respecting the form of this fossil skull, we may observe that, from the first, the elongated and narrow form of the forehead attracted our attention. In fact, the slight elevation of the frontal, its narrowness, and the form of the orbit, approximate it more nearly to the cranium of an Ethiopian than to that of an European : the elongated form and the produced occiput are also characters which we believe to be observable in our fossil cranium; but to remove all doubt upon that subject I have caused the contours of the cranium of an European and of an Ethiopian to be drawn and the foreheads represented. Plate II, figs. 1 & 2, and, in the same plate, figs. 3 & 4, will render the differences easily distinguishable ; and a single glance at the figures, will be more instructive than a long and wearisome description. At whatever conclusion we may arrive as to the origin of the ~an from whence this fossil skull proceeded, we· may express an opinion without exposing ourselves to a fruitless • Decas Collectionis sure craniorum divcrsarum gentium illustrata. Gottingro, 1790-1820. 123 controversy. Each may adopt the hypothesis which seems to him most probable: for my own part, I hold it to be demonstrated that this cranium has belonged to a person of limited intellectual faculties, and we conclude thence that it belonged to a man of a low degree of civilization: a deduction which is borne out by contrasting the capacity of the frontal with that of the occipital region. Another cranium of a young individual was discovered in the floor of the cavern beside the tooth of an elephant; the skull was entire when found, but the moment it was lifted it fell into pieces, which I have not, as yet, been able to put together again. But I have represented the bones of the upper jaw, Plate I, fig. 5. The state of the alveoli and the teeth, shows that the molars had not yet pierced the gum. Detached milk molars and some fragments of a human skull, proceed from this same place. The figure 3, represents a human superior incisor tooth, the size of which is truly remarkable.* Figure 4 is a fragment of a superior maxillary bone, the molar teeth of which are worn down to the roots. I possess two vertebrre, a first and last dorsal. A clavicle of the left side (see Plate III, fig. 1) ; although it belonged to a young individual, this bone shows that he must have been of great stature.t Two fragments of the radius, badly preserved, do not indicate that the height of the man, to whom they belonged, exceeded five feet and a half. As to the remains of the upper extremities, those which are in my possession, consist merely of a fragment of an ulna and of a radius (Plate III, fig. 5 and 6). Figure 2, Plate IV., represents a metacarpal bone, con- • In a subsequent passage, Schmerling remarks upon the occurrence of an incisor tooth ' of enormous size' from the caverns of Engihoul. The tooth figured is somewhat long, but its dimensions do not appear to me to be otherwise remarkable. t The figure of this clavicle measures 5 inches fi·om end to end in a strajght line-so that the bone is rather a small than a large one. |