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Show 112 that O'reat Alps and Andes of the living world--Man. Our rever:nce for the nobility of manhood will not be lessened by the knowledge, that Man is, in substance and in structure, one with the brutes; for, he alone possesses the marvellous endowment of intelligible and rational speech> whereby, in the secular period of his existence, he has slowly accumula~ed and organized the experience which is almost wholly lost w1th the cessation of every individual life in other animals; so that now he stands raised upon it as on a mountain top, far abohv" e the level of his humble fellows, and transfigured from IS grosser nature by reflecting, here and there, a ray from the infinite source of truth. 113 A succinct History of the Controversy respecting tl~e Cerebral Structure of Man and the Apes. UP to tho year 1857 all anatomists of authority, who had occupied themselves with tho cerebral structure oftho Apes-Cuvior, Tiedemann, Sandifort, Vrolik, I sidore G. St. Hilaire, Schroeder van der Rolk, Gratiolct-were agreed that the brain of the Apes possesses a POSTERIOR LOBE. Tiedemann, in 1825, figured and acknowledged in the text of his 'leones,' tho existence of the POSTERIOR CORNU of the lateral ventricle in the Apes, not only under the title of' Scrobiculus parvus loco cornu posterioris'-a fact which has been paraded-but as 'cornu posterius' (leones, p. 54), a circumstance which has been, as sedulously, kept in the back ground. Cuvier (Lecons, T. iii. p. 103) says," the anterior or lateral ventricles possess a digital cavity [posterior cornu] only in Man and the Apes . . . . . . Its presence depends on that of tho posterior lobes." Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, and Gratiolot, had also figured and described the posterior cornu in various Apes. As to the HIPPOCAMPUS MINOR Tiedemann had erroneously asserted its absence in tho Apes; but Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik had pointed out the existence of what they considered a rudimentary one in the Chimpanzee, and Gratiolet had expressly affirmed its existence in these animals. Such was the state of our information on these subjects in the year 1856. In the year 185 7, however, Professor Owen, either in ignorance of these wellknown facts or else unjustifiably suppressing them, submitted to the Linnrean Society a paper " On the Characters, Principles of Division, and Primary Groups of the Class Mammalia," which was printed in the Society's Journal, and contains the following passage:-" In Man, the brain presents an asccnsive step in development, higher and more strongly marked than that by which the preceding sub-class was distinguished from the one below it. Not only do the cerebral hemispheres overlap the olfactory lobes and cerebellum, but they extend in advance of the one and further back than the other. The posterior development is so marked, that anatomists have assigned to that part the character of a third lobe ; it is pecul·ia1· to the oenus Homo, and equally pec~elia1· is tlte po8terior 1~01''" I |