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Show 98 lungs always occupy but a small portion of the thoracic cavit_y -because they do so when the chest is opened, and th_eu elasticity is no longer neutralized by the pressure of the au. A B B Clu:rnpan~ee. FIG. 21.-Drawings of the internal casts of a Man's and of a Chimpa~~ee's skull, of the same absolute length, and placed in corresponding pos~t10ns, A. Cerebrum; B. Cerebellum . . The former drawing is taken from a cast m the Museum of the Royal Coilege of Surgeons, the latter from the photograph of the cast of a Chimpanzee' ~ skull, which illustrates the paper by Mr. Marshall 'On the Brain of the Chimpanzee' in the Natural History Review for July, 186:· The sharper definition of the lower edge of the cast of the cerebral.ch~ber m the Chimpanzee arises from the circumstance that the tentorium remamed m. th~t skull and not in the Man's: The cast more accurately repres.ent~ the bram m ChI. mpan zee than in the Man ; aDd the great backward proJeCtiOn of the pos1 • • 8 • terim· lobes of the cerebrum of the former, beyoncl the eereheh.nm, 1s consp1cnou 99 And the error is the less excusable) as it must become apparent to every one who examines a section of the skull of any ape above a Lemur) without taking the trouble to make a cast of it. For there is a very marked groove in every such skull) as in the human skull- which indicates the line of attachment of what is termed the tentorium- a sort of parchment-like shelf) or partition, which) in the recent state, is interposed between the cerebrum and cerebellum) and prevents the former from pressing upon the latter) (see Fig.I7). This groove) tl1erefore, indicates the line of separation between that part of the cranial cavity which contains the cerebrum, and that which contains the cerebellum; and as the brain exactly fills the cavity of the skull, it is obvious that the relations of these two parts of the cranial cavity at once informs us of the relations of their contents. Now in man, in all the old world) and in all the new world SimireJ with one exception) when the face is directed forwards, this line of attachment of the tentorium) or impression for the lateral sinus, as it is technically called, is nearly horizontal) and the cerebr'al chamber invariably overlaps or projects behind the cerebellar chamber. In the Howler :Monkey or Mycetes (see Fig. 17), the line passes obliquely upwards and backwards, and the cerebral overlap is almost nil; while in the Lemurs) as in the lower mammals, the line is much more inclined in the same direction, and the cerebellar chamber projects considerably beyond the cerebral. When the gravest errors respecting points so easily settled as this question respecting the posterior lobes, can be authoritatively propounded) it is no wonder that matters of observation, of no very complex character) but still requiring a certain amount of care, should have fared worse. Any one who cannot see the posterior lobe in an ape's brain is not likely to give a very valuable opinion respecting the posterior cornu or the hippocampus minor. If a man cannot see a church) it is preposterous to take his opinion about its altar-piece or n2 |