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Show 18 sen t sO rne sketches of it to M. Soemme. ring at. Mayence, which are better calculated, however, to give an 1dea of the form than of the real size of the parts." These sketches have been reproduced by Fi eher and by Lucre, and bear date 1783, Soemmering having received them in 1784. Had either of Von Wurmb's specimens reached Holland, they would hardly have been unknown at thi time to Camper, who, however, goes on to ay :-"It appears that since this, some more of the e mon ters have been cap. tured, for an entire skeleton, very badly set up, which had been sent to the Museum of the Prince of Orange, and which I saw only on the 27th of June, 17 4, was more than four feet high. I examined this skeleton again on the 19th December, 1785, after it had been excellently put to rights by the ingenious Onymus." It appears evident, then, that this kelcton, whi h is doubtless that which has always gone by the name of Wurmb's Pongo, is not that of the animal rle cribed by him, though unquestionably similar in all es ential points. Camper proceed to note some of the mo t important£ atures of this skeleton; promise to de cribc it in detail by-andbye; and is evidently in doubt a to the relation of this great 'Pongo' to his " petit Orang." The promised further investigations were never carried out; and so it happened that the Pongo of Von W urmb took its place by the side of the Chimpanzee, Gibbon, and Orang as a fourth and colossal species of man-like Ape. And indeed nothing could look much less like the Chimpanzees or the Orangs, then known, than the Pongo; for all the specimens of Chimpanzee and Orang .which had been ob crvcd were small of stature, singularly human in aspect, gentle and docile; while Wurmb's Pongo was a monster almost twice their size, of vast strength and fierceness, and very brutal in expression; its great projecting muzzle, armed with trong teeth, being further disfigured by the outgrowth of the cheeks into fleshy lobe . 19 Eventually, in accordance with the usual marauding habits of the Revolutionary armies, the 'Pongo' skeleton was carried away from Holland into France, and notices of it, expressly intended to demonstrate its entire distinctness from the Orang and its affinity with the baboons, were given, in 1798, by Geoffroy St. Hilaire and Cuvier. Even in Cuvier's "'J.lableau Elementaire,'' and in the first ~dition of his great work, the " Regne Animal," the ' Pongo' Is classed as a species of Baboon. I-Iowever, so early as 1818, it appears that Cuvier saw reason to alter this opinion, and to adopt the view suggested several years before by Blumenbach,* and after him by 'l'ilesius, that the Bornean Pongo is simply an adult Orang. In 1824, Rudolphi demonstrated, by .the condition of the dentition, more fully and completely than had been done by his predecessors, that the Orangs described up to that time were all young animals, and that the skull and teeth of the adult would probably be such as those seen in the Pongo of Wurmb. In the second edition of the ' Regne Animal' (1829), Cuvier infers, from the 'proportions of all the parts' and 'the arrangements of the foramina and sutures of the head,' that the Pongo is the adult of the Orang-Utan, ' at least of a very closely allied species,' and this conclusion was eventually placed beyond all doubt by Professor Owen's Memoir published in the 'Zoological Transactions' for 1835, and by Temminck in his 'Monographies de Mammalogie.' Temminck's memoir is remarkable for the completeness of the evidence which it affords as to the. modification which the form of the Orang undergoes according to age and sex. Tiedemann first published an account of the brain of the young Orang, while Sandifort, Muller and Schlegel, described the muscles and the viscera ~~ the adult, and gave the earliest det.ailed and trustworthy history of the habits of the great Indian Ape in a state of "" See Blumenbach, "Abbildungen Naturbistorichen Gegenstande," No. 12, 1810; nnd Tilesius, "Naturhistorichc Fri.ichtc der crsten Kaiscrlich-Ru. f'ischen Erdumsegclung,'' p. 115, 1813. c 2 |