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Show SUMMARY OF THE CO TENTS. 455 Retro pective vie'v of the chain of the Andes from the Rocks of Diego Ramirez to Behring's trait. Long circulated errors respecting the heights of mountains in the eastern chain of the Andes of Bolivia, especially the orata and the Illimani. Four summits of the we tern chain of Bolivia, which, according to Pentland's latest determinations, are higher than the Chimborazo, but are not equal in height to the still active volcano of Acongagua measured by FitzRoy . 62-64 The African mountains of Harudsch-el-Abiad. Oases 64- 66 West winds on the coast of Sahara. Accumulation of sea-weed; position of the great bank of Fucus from the time of Scylax of Caryanda to that of Columbus, and to the present day 66- 70 Tibbos and Tuaricks. The camel and its distribution 70- 73 Mountain systems of the interior of Asia between Northern Siberia and India. Erroneous belief in the existence of a single great elevated plain called : Plateau de la Tartarie" 73- 76 Chinese literature a rich source of orographic knowledge. Series of ele\"ations of different highlands. Desert of Gobi. Probable mean ~~~~~ 7~3 Review of the mountain systems of the interior of Asia. Chains running in the direction of the meridian; the Ural, which separates the low part of Europe from the low part of Asia, or divides into two portions the Scythian Europe of Pherecydes of Syros and of Herodotus; Bolor; Khingan and the Chinese chains, which, near the great bend in the direction of the Thibetian and Assamo-Burmese River Dzangho-tschu , run north and south. The elevat ions which, between 66° and 77° E. long. from Greenwich, follow the direction of meridians from Cape Comorin to the Icy Sea, alternate like veins or dikes in which there are faults or displacements; thus the Ghauts, the Soliman Chain, the Paralassa, the Bolor, and the Ural, succeed each other from south to north: the Bolor gave occasion among the ancients to the idea of the Imaus, which Agathodremon supposed to be prolonged to the north into the low basin of the lower Irtysch. Parallel chains running east and west; the Altai; Thia-schan, with its active volcanoes at a distance of 1528 geographical miles from the Icy Sea at the mouth of the Obi, and of 1512 geographical miles from the Indian Sea at the mouth of the Ganges; the Kuen-liin, recognised by Eratosthenes, Marin us of Tyre, Ptolemy, and Cosmas lndicopleustes, as the longest axis of elevation in the Old World, runs between 35t0 and 36° of latitude in the direction of the diaphragm of Dicearchns. Himalaya. The Kuen-liin, considered as an axis of elevation, may be traced from the wall of China near Lung-tscheu through the somewhat more northerly chains of Nan-schan and Kilian-schan, through the mountain knot near the Lake called the "Starry Sea," through the |