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Show .ANNOTaTIONS .AND ADDITIONS. 259 home, being brought to Europe fell asleep the first year ·on the setting in of winter." This torpidity or enfeeblement of the vital functions and vital activity passes through several gradations, according as it extends to the processes of nutrition, respiration, and muscular motion, or to depression of the activity of the brain and nervous system. The winter-sleep of the solitary bears and of the badger is not accompanied by any rigidity, and hence the reawakening of these animals is so easy, and, as was often related to me in Siberia, so dangerous to the hunters and country people. The first recognition of the gradation and connection of these phenomena leads us up to what has been called the "vita minima'' of the microscopic organisms, which, occasionally with green ovaries and undergoing the process of spontaneous division, fall from the clouds in the Atlantic sand-rain. The apparent revivification of Rotiferre, as well as of the silicious-shelled Infusoria, is only the renewal of long-enfeebled vital functions-a state of vitality which was never entirely extinct, and which is fanned into a fresh flame, or excited anew, by the appropriate stimulus. Physiological phenomena can only be comprehended by .being traced throughout the entire series of analogous modifications. (4) p. 228.-" Winged insects." Formerly the fertilization of flowers in which the sexes are separated was ascribed principally to the action of the wind: it has been shown by Kolreuter, and with great ingenuity by Sprengel, that bees, wasps, and a host of smaller winged insects, are the chief agents. I say the chief agents, because to assert that no fertilization is possible without the intervention of these little animals appears to me not to be in conformity with nature, as indeed has been shown in detail by Willdenow. (Grundriss der Krauterkunde, 4te Au:fi., Berl. 1805, s. 405-412.) On the other hand, Dichogamy, colored spots or marks indicating honey-vessels (maculre indicantes), and fertilization by insects, are, in much the greater number of cases, inseparably associated. (Compare Auguste de St. Hilaire, Le9ons de Botanique, 1840, pp. 565-571.) The statement which has been often repeated since Spallanzani, that the dicecious common hemp (Cannabis sativa) yields perfect |