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Show ANNOTATIONS A D ADDITIONS. 13!) covered with Broomyces roseus, Ccnomyce rangiferinus, Lecidea muscorum, L. icmadophila, nnd similar Cryptogamere, which prepare the way for the growth of grasses and herbaceous plants. In the tropic , where mos es and lichens only abound in shady places, some species of succulent plants take their place. ( 26 ) p. 33.- " The cm·e of animals yielding milk, ........... The 1·uins of the Aztec fortress. The two kinds of cattle alluded to, and subsequently spoken of,the Bos americanus and Bos moschatus,-are peculiar to the American Continent. But the natives- Queis neque mos, neque cultus erat, nee jungere tanros. Virgil, .lEn. i. 316. --drink the fresh blood, not the milk of these animals. Single exceptions have indeed been found, but only among tribes who at the same time cultivated maize. I have before remarked (p. 62), that Gomara speaks of a people in the north-west of Mexico who possessed herds of tame bisons, and derived from these animals clothing, meat., and drink. The drink may have been the blood (Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, vol. iii. p. 416); for, as I have more than once remarked, the dislike to milk, or at least the absence of its use, appears, before the arrival of Europeans, to have been, generally speaking, a feature common to all the natives of the New Continent,-and one which they possess in common with the inhabitants of China and Cochin China, who yet were near neighbors to true pastoral nations. The herds of tame lamas, found in the highlands of Quito, Peru, and Chili, belonged to a settled population, who cultivated the ground and did not follow a nomadic life. Pedro de Cie<;a de Leon (Chronica del Peru, Sevilla, 1553, cap. llO, p. 264) seems to imply, though certainly as a rare and exceptional case, that in the Peruvian mountain plateau of Collao, lamas were used for drawing the plough. (Compare Gay, Zoologia de Chile, Mamiferos, 1847, p. 154.) The usual custom in Peru was to plough with men only. (See the Inca Garcilasso's Commentarios reales, p. i. lib. v. cap. 2, p. 133; and Prescott, Hist. of the Conquest of Peru, 1847, vol. i. p. 136.) :\h. Barton has made it appear pro- |