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Show ANNOTATIONS AND ADDITIONS. 359 and Lindley. Japan has its indigenous willows, one of which, S. japonica, (Thunb. ), is also found as a mountain plant in N epaul. Previous to my expedition, the Indian Salix tetrasperma was the only known intertropical species, so far as I am aware. We collected seven new species, three of which were from the elevated plains of Mexico, and were found to extend to an elevation of 8000 (about 8500 English) feet above the level of the sea. At still greater elevations- for example, on the mountain plains situated between 12,000 and 14,000 feet (about 12,790 and 14,920 English), which we often visited-we did not find, either in the Andes of Mexico or in those of Quito and Peru, any thing which could recall the small, creeping, alpine willows of the Pyrenees, the Alps, and Lapland (S. herbacea, S. lanata, and S. reticulata). In Spitzbergen, where the meteorological conditions have much analogy with those of the Swiss and Scandinavian snow-mountains, Martins described two dwarf willows, of which the small woody stems and branches creep on the ground, and which lie so concealed in the turf-bogs that their small leaves are only discovered with difficulty under the moss. The species found by me in Peru, in 4° 12' S. latitude, near Loxa, at the entrance of the forests where the best Cinchona bark is collected, and described by Willdenow as Salix humboldtiana, is the one which is most widely distributed in the western part of South America. A sea-shore species, S. falcata, which we found on the sandy coast of the Pacific, near Truxillo, is, according to Kunth, probably only a variety of the above; and possibly the fine and often pyramidal willow, which accompanied us along the banks of the Magdalena, from l\Iahates to Bojorque, and which, according to the report of the natives, had only extended so far within a few years, may also be identical with Salix humboldtiana. At the confluence of the Rio Opon with the Magdalena, we found all the islands covered with willows, many of which had stems 64 English feet high, but only 8 to 10 inches in diameter. (Humboldt and Kunth, Nova Gen. Plant. t. ii. p. 22, tab. 99.) Lindley has made us acquainted with a species of Salix: from Senegal, and therefore in the African equinoctial zone. (Lindley, Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, p. 99.) Blume also found two species of Salix near the Equator, in Java: one wild and indigenous, S. tetrasperma j and another |