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Show Index Trauma (continued) distorted, ectopic pupil, 1479; F23-2, 3, F43-2, 3; T43-2 enlarged, poorly reacting or fixed pupil, 1485-87; F43-I, 2, 3, 7; T43-I, 2, 3, 5, 6 i olated internal ophthalmoplegia, 1477, 1490 oculomolor misdirection, 1478-79, 1484· F23-2 3 4 5 F43-2; T43-3 • • ' ' ' slight supersensi1ivi1y lo pilocarpine-like drugs, 1479 efferent parasympathetic (postganglionic) damage, causing distorted, ectopic pupil, 1498-99; T43-3, 9 iridoplegia, internal ophthalmoplegia, 14%-98; T43-3, 9 post-traumatic tonic pupil, 1117, 1484, 1496; T43-I, 9 supersensitivity to pilocarpine-like drugs, 1479 sympathetic deficit, caused by central syndromes (thalamus, brainstem and cord), 1485- 6, 1490, 1494--95;T43-I, 2, 4 peripheral (preganglionic) lesions (spinal roots, brachia( plexus, chest and neck), 1494-1501; F43-I, 2, 13; T43-I, 11 postganglionc lesions or stimulation (from superior cervical ganglion to the eye, via pericarotid, middle ear, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, orbital apex, superior orbital fissure, and long ciliary nerve paths), 1479-80, 1485-86, 1494, 1501; F43-3; T43-1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Trigeminal (5th) nerve anatomy of Ga erian ganglion, 334-37; F6-8, 9, 12, 13, 14, Fll-30 location in middle fossa, 335-37, 1166, 1169, 1178; F6-12, F25-1, 23; T25-2 17, 18 relation to sympathetic pupil path, 319, 334; F6-8, 9, 12; T6-6 sensory root fibers to brainstem nuclei, 343; F6-8, 10 mandibular 5th nerve branch, F6-8, 9, 12; Fll-30 maxillary 5th nerve branch, 335; F6-8, 9, 12, Fll-30 ophthalmic and naso-ciliary branches, 319-20, 334-35, 1166; F6-8, 9, 12, 13, 14; T6-6, 7, 10 cavernous sinus and, 1036-38, 1178, 1461; F6-12, F22-15, 16, 24, F44-2, 9; T25-2, 18, 21 orbital apex and, 1038, 1178; F22-15, 18, F25-1, 27; T25-2, 18, 21 superior orbital fissure and, 334, 1178; F22-18, 24; F25-1, 18, 21; T25-18, 21 sympathetic pupillodilator path and, 334, 1166, 1178; F6-8, 12, 13, 14; T6-6, 7, T25-17, 18, 21 trigeminal innervation versus territory irrigated by internal carotid artery, 1175 pathologic conditions causes of lesions alcohol injections against facial pain, 1166, 1169; T25-17 stenosis of nutrient vessels, 337, 1166 tumor, trauma, infections, 1163, 1169; T25-17 (see also Raeder's syndrome) effects of lesions motor deficit, F25-23 sensory deficit ( anesthesia, dysesthesia, hypesthesia ), F25-23; T25-17 neuroparalytic keratitis (see Corneal damage) sympathetic impairment, 1163, 1166, 1169-70; F25-23, F43-3; T25-17, 18 Trigeminal reactions characteristic pupil responses upon stimulation atropine-fast, large contractions, 345, 522, 1499 blocked by aspirin and indomethacin, 345, 522 not blocked by sympathectomy, 345 peculiar timing of reactions, 345, 1499 / 629 Trigeminal reactions (continued) species differences, 345, 522, 1499 eliciting stimuli chemical irritation of the eye, 345-47 electric or mechanical stimulation of 5th nerve roots, ganglion, or branches, 241, 345-47, 1499 high-energy radiation (exposure to microwaves, infrared, laser, or solar heat), 122; T3-4 instillation of prostaglandins or substance P, 345 penetrating ocular trauma, 1499 history of trigeminal effects, 345; T6-ll inflammatory reactions related to trigeminal miosis breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier and increased aqueous protein, 345-47; T6-ll facial flushing, 345, 522 transient rise of intraocular pressure, 345; T6-11 trophic inflammatory effects, 345; T6-ll Trigemino-facial (trigeminus) reflex, 406 Tuberculosis (see Nonspecific infections, bacterial) Tumors (intracranial) general tumor signs, 1455, 1458 pathologic mechanisms caused by tumors (see also Trauma; Vascular conditions) brain shifts and herniations, 1457; T42-2, 6 edema, 1455-57 embarassment of blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow, 1455, 1457 increased intracranial pressure, 1457 internal hydrocephalus, 1457; F42-3 invasion of brain tissue, 1455, 1476 occlusion of dural sinuses, foramina, and veins, 1457 toxic and metabolic effects, 1476 ventricular obstruction, 1457; F42-l, 2, 3 pupillomotor and associated signs, due to tumors at specific sites afferent light reflex deficit intracranial or orbital damage and, 1455, 1468-73; F17-10; T42-2, 8, 9, JO, 11 role of sellar diaphragn1 and, 1471-73; F42-7, 9, 10, 11 suprageniculate (occipital) tumors and, 1476 parasympathetic pathway (central) defects, causing Argyll Robertson-like pupils (see Argyll Robertson syndrome) enlarged, dissociated pupils, 307, 1464-67; F42-4, 5; T42-2, 6, 10 distorted pupils, F22-3; T22-3, T42-6 spastic miosis, F20-6, 11; T20-3 related ocular signs encountered accommodative or convergence spasm or palsy, 306, 1466; F42-5; T42-6, 10 extraocular muscle defects, 1467, 1476; F42-4; T42-2, 6, 7 gaze palsies (Parinaud and other), 1466, 1476; T42-2, 6, 7, JO nystagmus (retraction or rotatory), 1466, 1476; T42-10 parasympathetic pathway (efferent) defects in cases with multiple cranial nerve palsies, T42-8 primary oculomotor misdirection, 1050, 1473; T23-1, T42-8 pupillary sparing with lesions in cavernous sinus, orbital apex, superior orbital fissure, 1461, 1473 pupillary sparing in orbital mass lesions, 1473; F42-12 tonic pupils due to orbital or ocular tumors, 1081, 1117, 1473; F24-39 sympathetic impairment in cases with |
