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Show -175- permanent houses near the orchards when the fruit was ripe (Stevenson, 1904:354). This orchard site is perhaps as old as the northern refuge sites, judging from the ceramic scatters, but there are no ruins of a consolidated pueblo village (B. Mills, 1979:personal communication). Perhaps the proximity of the Dowa Yalanne orchards to Zuni Pueblo obviated any need for a nucleated settlement. This might explain why the orchards were overlooked in the early American reports. Information about the gardens tended by the women is scantier, as Cushing does not concern himself with them. Gardens were found on the sides of Zuni Pueblo leading down to the river and in the farming districts near the springs (Mindeleff, 1891:216). Mindeieff described these gardens in some detail. In Zuni, they were laid out in walled rectangles about 10 feet square, and the rectangles could be terraced when found in a slope (1891:216-217). Stevenson mentions that the gardens were protected by adobe walls laid out like the wheat fields at Nutria, only in miniature (1904: 353). Curiously, it was Cushing that first used the word 'waffle' to describe the Zuni wheat fields (1974:365). Today it is used in reference to the vegetable gardens. The gardens were usually watered by hand from large pots brought from the river, and only occasionally watered by ditch irrigation (Stevenson, 1904:353, 354). Chilis, onions, herbs, beans, and melons were grown in the waffle gardens (Scott, 1898:12) . |
