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Show -161- We have from this time the first description of the vegetable gardens, placed on the sides or close to the town and planted with onions, beans, melons, pumpkins, and chili (Sit-greaves, 1854:6). Zunis also had extensive peach orchards, planted on the northeast base of Dowa Yalanne and the southeast base of the northern mesas (Sitgreaves, 1854:6; Foreman, 1941:138; Bell, 1869:227). Wheat, peaches, and chili were colonial introductions described in these early reports. Wild chili from the south may have been traded prehistorically, but domesticated chili was a new world cultigen brought by the Spaniards from further south (Leighton & Adair, 1966:21). As well as these three major introductions, several less important cultigens were probably also introduced in the colonial period, such as oats (Leighton & Adair, 1966:21). Other significant introductions of the colonial period were sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, and fowl. The importance of the range animals will be discussed in a later section, but it should be noted here that they greatly increased the mobility of the Zuni, and they were the object of raiding by the nomadic Apache and Navajo. Zunis adopted some aspects of Spanish technology. The threshing floor was accepted along with the grain, and the horses were used to separate the grain (Leighton & Adair, 1966:21). The beehive oven was built to bake the raw grain |
