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Show ! -., WORLD CONGRESS OF SKI INSTRUCTION 9TH INTERSKI UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEMONSTRATION OUTLINE TABLE OF CONTENTS PHASE II--INTRODUCTION, Rene' Farwig, Coach ON~THE-SNOW DEMONSTRATION OUTLINE Teaching Progression for Advanced Skiing . Class Progression--A Edge Control Exercises--A Edge Control Class Progression--B Pole Plant Exercises--B Pole Plant Class Progression--C Unweighting Exercises--C Unweighting Class Progression--D Turning Power Exercises--D Turning Power Class Progression--E Application of Exercises RENE FARWIG UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PHASE II - INTRODUCTION During the last few years, constant experimentation has led to the development of a logical progression of exercises designed to enable the instructor to teach modern, advanced skiing maneuvers to group classes. A considerable number of good skiers have sprung from ski schools throughout the country who, until now, were thwarted in their efforts to progress beyond the Short Swing level, due to the lack of a proven group class teaching method. The only course open to such skiers for the attainment of further pro-gress was through private lessons, in which the instructor would endeavor to convey his personal know-how and experience through whatever method his individual ability to communicate and demonstrate might suggest. Success, under such conditions, would necessarily be occasional at best, and at worst, unattain-able. PHASE II proposes to provide the instructor with a methodology. It is recognized that the constant development of skiing tech-niques and. equipment does not admit the adoptDon of any fixed, or ultimate, method of teaching at advanced skiing levels. Nevertheless, while allowing further development and adaptations, our· program has shmvn that through the selected exercises which PHASE II incorporates, its natural progression helps the skier RENE FAmHG P.2 in achieving stability and confidence under any condition of snow and terrain, and makes him better able to perfOTI11 the advanced maneuvers which are the ultimate goal of every skier. Our demonstration on the snow is our attempt to present this progression of exercises and their application to varying conditions, as a method of teaching advanced skiing maneuvers. We sincerely hope that you will enj oy our presentation and i.E our purpose of providing a bridge across the existing instructional gap between basic skiing and racing is achieved, we will be assured of success. We are grateful for the opportunity to participate in the 9TH. INTERSKI, and we look forward to taking part in further efforts at international cooperation and exchange of techniques and ideas. PHASE II Teaching Progression for Advanced Skiing The purpose of this program is to provide a transition from the level of recreational skier to that of competitive racer. Advanced skiing will never remain static, but must be in constant flux, keeping up with new forms \vhich arise from the improvement and refinement of equipment and with the resulting advances in racing technique. It is essential therefore, that the program be kept up to date and that such new developments be incorporated as they occur. The maeuvers should be taught only to advanced recreational skiers and it is assumed that they have already reached that level of proficiency which affords good balance and a feel of edge control. CLASS PROGRESSION A. EDGE CONTROL Open stance is practiced to develop. greater freedom in skiing. The practice of open stance skiing in the fall line, in traversing and in turns teaches the student to use his legs independently from each other, as well as the edges of both skis, and he is then able to adopt a natural and more advantageous posture. PHASE II - CLASS PROGRESSION PAGE 2 Exercises 1. Straight Running (Open Stance): the width of the stance should be determined by natural flat ski-to-snow contact, by body build, snow conditions and terrain. 2. Edge Control (Open Stance): edge control is exercised on gentle slopes, by changing edging from outside to inside successively in an open stance straight run. 3. Traverse (Open Stance):the skier traverses over bumpy terrain. The entire body absorbes the changes of terrain through flexion of hips, knees, ankles arrltorso. 4. Parallel Turn (Open Stance): this exercise consists of a sequence of turns, each initiated with pole plant, upunweighting and counter rotation; with the weight of the body on the downhill ski during the first turn, on both skis during the second and on the uphill ski during the third. 5. Hockey Stop 'Ylith Side SliE (Op~n Stance): this exercise is initiated off the fall line. The skis are pivoted abrupt: by bending the knees quickly and weighting the tails, concluding with strong edging and the weight applied to the whole length of the skis. 6. Pedaling Turn (Open Stance) this is initiated with a skating step downhill and the turn is made by skating the skis around the turn. 7. Outrigger Turn: PHASE II - CLASS PROGRESSION PAGE 3 B. POLE PLANT The pole plant in the basic technique is used mainly for tLming and unweighting. In advanced skiing, however, it provides not only timing and unweighting, but it is also used to create a pivot around which the upper body is deflected, thereby producing anticipa- . tion. Exercises 1. Timing and Unweighting: this exercise consists of the normal parallel turn with pole plant, which the student learned in basic technique. 2. Deflection: the pole is planted towards the fall line, deflecting the inside shoulder and upper body into the turn, producing anticipation. 3. Double Pole Plant: this is used to maintain the weight on the front part of the skis continously, while the upp~r body faces the direction of the turn 4. Garland: the first exercise uses single pole plant for timing and un\Neigh~ting. In· the" second, single pole plant for deflection is used. Both exercises are initiated from a traverse. Pt~SE II - CLASS PROGRESSION PAGE 4 5. Hockey Stop: in this exercise it is executed with pole plant for deflection, producing anticipation. C. UNWEIGHTING Up-unweighting is taught to the student as part of the basic technique. During "advanced skiing exercises it should be practiced repeatedly with body position corresponding to the particular type of turn executed: Exercises 1. Up-unweighting with Counter-rotation: this turn is initiated from a traverse, with sink, pole plant, up-forward movement, counter-rotation and transfer of weight to the outside ski. 2. Up-unweighting with Rotation: the turn is initiated with rotary motion of the upper body, transmitted to the lower body through blocking of the hips, with the body follmving the direction of the turn. 3. Down-weighting with Counter-motion: this turn is initiated from a high stance in a traverse; with forward pressure on the skis, rolling the knees towards the fall line, accompanied by a down motion, angulation, counter-motion and weight transfer, the skier completes the arc of the turn and rises to a new traverse. 4. Down-weighting with Anticipation: this turn is intiated with a platform, pole plant for deflection producing anticipatiop, dmm-~'leighting with weight transfer to PHASE II - CLASS PROGRESSION PAGE 5 the outside ski, and angulation. The skier completes the arc of the turn and rises to a new traverse. D. TURNING POWER In advanced -skiing, tUTIling power is provided by axial motion using rotation or counter-rotation, or by leverage, either backwards or forwards. Exercises 1. Turns with Rotation: the rotation is blocked at the hips enabling the upper body to follow the skis through the arc of the turn. 2. Turns with FOrYNlrd Leverage: using pole plant for timing 3. Turns with Backward Leverage: using pole plant for def1ect-ion and crutch. E. APPLICATION OF EXERCISES The final lesson is devoted to skiing the varying condi-tions of snow and terrain avai~ab1e, with emphasis on the application of the preceding exercises accacding to the con-dition of snow and terrain that are encountered. PACKED SLOPES (Short and long turns) HEAVY OR WET SNOW .(Short and long turns) Any combination of exercises with consideration only to the steepness of the terrain Up-unweighting Single pole plant for timing PHASE II - CLASS PROGRESSION HEAVY OR WET SNOH' (CONT'D) ·.ICE (Short and long turns) DEEP POWDER (No basel (Short and long turns) UNPACKED CRUST (Short parallel turns) PAGE 6 Rotation Backward leverage Weight on both skis Down weighting Single pole plant for deflection ~r". producing anticipation Initiation: backward lean Uniform pressure on edges Finish: slight counter motion, strong angulation, forward leverage Up-unweighting Rotation Single pole plant Backward leverage Weight on both skis Banking Up-unweighting Counter-rotation Double pole plant Weight on both skis Finish: counter motion PHASE II - CLASS PROGRESSION PAGE 7 MOGULS - GENTLE SLOPES (Short and long turns) Weight on both skis MOGULS - STEEP SLOPES (Short parallel turns) DOtl7n-weighting and retraction Pole plant for deflection produc-ing anticipation Finish: counter-motion and angulation Initiate with platform across fall line Down-weighting and retraction Pole plant for deflection produc-ing anticipation Weight on downhill ski C E R T I FIE D IrS T R U C.T 0 R S First Aid Expires 1. ALLIAS" EMILE Squaw Valley Tahoe City, Calif .. 2. ARO, FJNI Donner Ski Ranch Soda Springs~ CalU. l/21/52 12/12/52 3/14/50 3. AYNEDTER, LUTZ Nebe1horn Va.de, California '4. BENEDI~, SEPP Box 145 Wrightwooq, Calif. 5. BRAMBACH, BOB ,7105 Alvern ,St,. Los Angeles,'. 9~li..r • 12/29/q~_ 6. BRELSFORD, BOB Box 68 'Yosemite Lodge, Cali.f. 1/15/54 7. BRO":K, HSRB 'Rancho LOf!! L~ureles, Robles Del Rio,Ca11f. 4/29/52 8. COATES, MARK 2601 S.Figueroa Los Angelos, Ca11f. 12/6/52 9. COLES, TOM 915 N. Mariposa Hollywood, Calif. 12/10/50 e 10. D:SSS,~UX, GEORGES 11. DUNCOMBE, FRANK 12. FIORE, NICK 13. FLOTO, KEN 14. FOEGER, LUGGI 15. FR~ITAS, TONEY 16. FREW, JANES 17. GEORG, HANS e 18. lEATH, ED 19. HEETER, BOB 20. HORTON, ~ffiRLE 21. ILIFF, HARRY 22. JOHANS~N, JOHN 23. KLEIN, BILL 24. KRAUS, OTTO 25. LAW, BOB 26. LIE, JON 27. MABBRY, SLIM General Delivery Running Springs,CaI1f. 53 Forest Side Ave.San Francisco 27,Calif.3/14/50 Box 4 YosemIte Park, Calif. 4/29/52 250nk View Twain Harte, Calif. 4/29/52 P.O. Box Yosemite Park, Calif. 1/15/54 P. O. Box Yosemite Lodge, Calif. 4/29/50 833 W. 28th. St. Los Angeles, Calif. 11/28/52 1706 Oak Street P. O. Box Mammoth Lakes, Calif. 4/29/52 S. Pasadena, Calif. 8/25/51 Yosemi te Park, Calif. 4/25/53 P. O. Drawer H Salida, California 1/1/52 1504~· El Centro Los Angeles, Calif 4/29/52 Donner Ski Ranch Soda Springs, Calif. 2/9/52 1401 Ada Street Berkeley 2, Calif. 3/14/50 844 N. Virginia St.Reno, Nevada 434 Euclid Pasadena, Calif. 244 Hillside Ave. Berkeley, Calif. Lassen Nat'l Park Mineral, Calif. - 10 - 12/11/49 4/29/52 12/14/51 28. HARTIN, BUCK 29. MASON, BOB 30. McCONKEY, JIM 31. MICOLEAU, TYLER 32. MILICI, TONI 33. OLSEN, MARVIN 34. PFEIFFER, DOUG 35. PICARD, PETER 36. POST, DODIE 37. POVIEH8, GRATZ 38. RUSTAD, KJELL e 39., SM.CTH, BUD 40. SMITH, BANK 41. STEINEH, OTTO P. O. Box Yosemite Lodge,Calif. 4/29/52 General Delivery Running Springs ,Calif. 4/29/52 P. O. Box Box 77 Box 231, Rt.l Squaw Valley Yosemite Park, Calif. 4/29/52 Tahoe City, Calif. Bishop, Calif. 4/29/52 4/28/53 Loleta, California 4/29/52 Squaw Valley, Calif. Walnut Creek, Calif. 4/29/52 Tahoe City, Calif. 2040t Clinton Ave. Alameda, Calif. 4/29/52 4/28/53 2/28/54 Box 571 1325 E. Pinchot Box 614 Tahoe City, Calif. Stockton, California Big Bear Lake, Calif. 4205 Pacific Ave. Stockton, California 10/14/49 42D TOMLINSON, STAN Squaw Valley Tahoe City, Calif. 43. TRUBSCHENCK,. CAPT. LORIN AO 725009 HDQ Fr-:AMCOM APO 323 - 13th Air Depot, Postmaster, S. F. 44. TYNDALL, TOMMI Box 77 Big Bear Lnke, Colif. 12/14/lt9 45. WEEKS, JOHN 534 Adam Ave. Modesto, California ~ 46. ZORICH, BUD Soda Springs, Calif. 8/1/50 ASS 0 C I ATE I' N S T R U C TOR S 1. BUERHI\NN, hTILLIAM 805 Santa Ray Ave. Oakland 10, Calif. 2. CHSSAUX, OLIVER General Delivery Sun Valley, Idaho 3. CONANT, DICK 4. COPPEL, EDl,I'ARD 5. ELLINGTON, BOB 6. FOST~R, ELF 7. JONKOW, JONKO 8 L ~T 'Ll"\n , .1.i!\ ' .• ', PETER IllS.Carondelet St.Los Angeles, Calif. Box 68 Norden, Calif. 1455 E. Broadway Glendale, Calif. 9531 Maryknoll Ave.Whittier, Calif. Box 485 Box 630 - 11 - Mill Valley, Calif. Soda Springs, Calif. 4/25/53 5/23/53 4/25/53 9. MOORE, ROSS P. O. Box 10. MURRAY, JACK 1435 Fairfield 11. SCHEUTZ, GODIE Nebelhorn 12. SHITH, NYLE Box 1094 13. SPRINGER, DICK 2720 Glenn Ave. °14. STANGLAND,GORDON Nebe1!J,orn 15. STRATTON, JA~~S 55 Canyon Road 16. STRICKLAND, BILL Box 721 17. SULLIVAN, PHIL 96 Madrone Ave. Yosemite Lodge, Calif. 4/29/52 Glendale, California Vade, California Mammoth Lakes, Calif. 4/29/52 Los Angeles 23, Calif. 4/28/53 Vade, California 12/12/52 Berkeley 4, Calif. 4/23/53 Soda Springs, Calif. Larkspur, California 18. V~N HE~~RT, TOM 1027 Westchester Pl.Los Angele~ 6, Calif. 11/12/51 4123153 1/8/53 19. WOODRUFF, BILL Box 262 Tahoe City, Calif. 4/28/53 NEW C E R T I ~ I "7, D SKI INS T r. t.T C TOR S 1. Joe Auckentha1er 2. Gordie Butterfield 3. Wes Thomas 4. Yvan Tache 5. Yves Latreille 876 S. Pasadena Avenue Pasadena 2~ California Box #42, Tahoe City, California Squaw Valley, Tahoe City, California Snow Valley - Ski School Snow Valley ~ Ski School N E 1,.T 1\ S SOC I ATE INS T R U C TOR S e 1. Leland Baker 2. Dick Conant J *3. Bob Cooper 4. Elf Foster 5. Joan Law 6. Norman Palmer 7. Eber Slaght 8. Jonko Jonkow Los Angeles, California 111 S. Carondelet Street Los Angeles 4, California Whitmore Springs, Bishop, California 9531 Maryknoll Avenue Whittier, California 434 N. Euclid St. Pasadena, Culifornia Box 193 Yosemite Park, California 246 S. Orchard St. Burbank, California Box 485, Mill Valley, California * NOTE: Bob Cooper under age could not receive the Instructor's Pin~ but he will receive this pin when he becomes of age .. - 12 - I Ie 1 1 1, I j l HONORAHY . CER'rIFIFD INSTRUCTOR,~ 1. 2. 3. l~ . 5, otto Steiner Charles Proctor Hannes Schroll Cor>ty T. Hill Dr. Joel Hildebrand 4205 Pacific Ave .. stockton, Calif. Yosemite National Pnr>k, Yosemite Calif. Redwood City, California 960 R. 61st, St. Los Angeles 1, Calif. Be~keley, California CANDIDAT~_ WHO ~OOK TEST AND FATTED TO PASS 1. Jack T. Samples 2. David Garretson 3 Dale Devine 4. Alvin Schmid 5. Jim Winthers 6. Max Good 7. John Fountain 8. Pep Gassoit 9. Al Wisely 10. Toby Von Puw 11. Stanley Green 12. Ronny Wood 13. John G. Neal 14. ~1c Johnson 15. Jack Ingram 16. Bill.Pritchard 17. Jack Major 18. Aaron Phillips 1734 W. Harding Way, Stockton, Calif. P.O Box 166, Yosemite Nat'l Park, Calif. P.O, Box 365, Yosemite Nat'l Pa~k, Calif IllS. Vir'gil Ave" Los Angeles, Calif. 1915 Fl Monte Ave., Sacramento, Calif. 8448 Croyden Ave., L09 Angeles 45, Calif. 1635 Seventh Avenue; San F~ancisco, Calif San Fr>ancisco 27) California Mt. Baldy, California P.O. Box 570 , Big Bear Lake, Califo~nia 3000 W. 82nd Place, Inglewood, Califo~nia 301 Larkspur, Corona Del Mar, Califo~nia 1455 ~p~uce Street) Bcrkeloy, Californiu 294 Grizzly Peak Blvd., Be~keley, Calif. Springhill Boad, Laffayette, califo~nia 4980 Valletta Hay, Sacramento, Calif. 421 Wildwood Ave., Piedmont, Calif 8415 Agnes st. N Hollywood, California .. 13 - •• e 1. ~:l1~l'e can one ~':Qt information regi.J.'('dine; all phe.s(:s of the li'ar ~!est Jki ~ssoci~~ion Gctivitics? 2. ') .). it. 5. t.ns, Office: of ttle :"~~c:cutiv~ 'Jccretc:,ry, 6JLt 1'IU. ;~~an VicE::nte, Los iln~0lcs 11;.. N2.me Ans. H~1ne ,~ns • ' ill".'. t h;lS. hi...'n Lns. tbe ?resi(ont and S~crct~ry of the ?ar cst Ski f~ssoci2.tion. fresiCent; )r2.ok ~er~uson SEcret~ry= Paul ri. Smith ::he Divisions of the Na'L;ionnl 8ki 1i.~3 soci::~ ti on of Amcricc • U. :'). _.JL1.:Jte:cn IHua tcur SId hS soci <1 tion; Central ;Jki t.ssocintion 1,jol~thC':cn .locky hount2.in Ski hssoci~1. tir:Jl1 ~ Intermountain Sld l~::j soc ic~ 'ci on ,)Outh21~n ~ioclcy };1oUl1'CD.in Ski i~ssocic.tion? l->c.cir'ic Horthilcst ':':ld i"s:soci,:.t10n? 2.n<1 })'<U 1 cst Gl~i j~s~)ocio.tion. is the nC1.me of the Into:cna tionc.l ;31ti l~:;; soci::. tion'? i. 1. (I ,) . '.TO i' () chc: o. iJ.·':.Jt s!:~i competitions held in California? .lJi..:.r ly IJ50 ' s 6. i.1112. t is the pu:cLJosc of CeI'tti'ico. tion'? (Not morc than 5 lino s) ansI 1. To devoIo) ~nd imp~ovo skiing tcachin J techni4uc. 2. To encourc.~e paoplc to ~o to school. 3_. To promote competent and uniform teaching methods. 4 To protect the p~blic from incompetent instructors. 5. To prot~ct instructors from unfc.L' compcti tion. 7. D~finc an amateur. 8. Ans; Onc'.lho cnga:;es in a SPOI't solely for tho plCa;Ul'€ and physical, me~tal and social benefits he derives th~refrom and to 'J~lOrtl sport is nothinG more thnn an avocation. Dofine c. professional. I~ns. "ne '\r~10 is paic~ to ski in ,::hibitions Ol~ one uho l'ccoivus a money pl"izL. 9. Define o.n o1)'::n cl,,' ss compc:; ti tor. tl.ns. ,jno ~,!~10 teclchcs rCGulEl:L'1y for morwt'::'.J:'Y cornpcnsn\,ion. l0. i.Jhat J is J. sin.;,lc. iJi...'nc.ltj'( ~n~. ~hcl"e is no such thins. 11. \iho is T(;sponsiiJlo for on'.'s nmntcur sti..:tus. I.ns. T[1C: individuo..l l1ims~::..lf. ,t>..,' 12. Jo',! often can ,em op':..n cIa .)s compcti tor be j,'eclassificd l.lll a rna teu.:.'? Ans, Jncc only, 13. Eo,; cloes a C('li:lpctltor ,';Jt 0. cla..:;sification CQid? ilns. ~y c.~plication throu~h his Club sucrot.ry or uirectly to tho _,:;:ec,',cc. of th.: F. 'r. ,~, A. Itr. 1,:h2.t 8.rc 'Ch2 purposes of Uniform Tests? hns. fo tC3t tourin~ abilitJ. - 14 - III • 15 16. e 17. 18. 19. 20. 1fuat aY'e the c~mdittons of the 4th Class Test? Ans, 1. Dem~n3trate ability t~ ski correctly on the level with both the one step and two-step and demonstrate the proper' use of poles. 2~ Demonstrate kick turn left and right on the level. 3· 4. 5· 6. 7· 8. 9. 10. Demonstrate side-step up a steep slope. Herringbone 50 feet up a 10 degree slope. Traverse up a slope of 100 feet uning a kick turon betwoen traverses. Breaking speed - 50 feet on a 15 deG~ee slope with double stem from a standing start to a stop between deslgnat~d points. Demonstrate connected snow plow turns. Straight running in a downhill position for not less than 150 feet on a 10 degree slope. Demonstration of controlled sideslipping for 20 feet (both sides) over a hard packed surface, on a fifteen to twenty degree slope. Controlled sideslipping to be either down the fall line or diagonal on both sides. Make three long travorseD DcroOD n 10 to 15 degr'oo slopo linking traverses with a stem turn, The. candidate must pass the above ten requirements. Who is the National Head of the National Ski Patrol System? Ans. Fdward Taylor. F,Xplain how to locate position of toe plate on skis. Ans At or behind mid-point of runnin~ surface deponding on pY'eference of user. On anJaverage practice slope where do most accidents occur? Ans. On the flat run out. What is the ideal minimum number of persons for touring? Ans. Five. How does one negotiate an avalanche slope? Ans. One does not. - 15 - (8kis) (Poles) (Boots) (Clothing) (Edges) m,UIPMEN1· TEST 1. Skis sh~uld be three· feet longer than the pupil's height. Yes or No. (Ans. No.) 2. Skis should be flexible for hard packed snow. Yes or No. (Ans. No.) 3. Position of binding is ahead or behind balance point of skis. Question Void. 4. While skiing in heavy powder, skis are easier to handle when they are stiff. Yes or No. (Ans. No.) 5. Forearm should be extended horizontally to determine length of poles while poles are stuck in the snow. Yes or No. (Ans. Yes) How do you demonstrate this without snow to find right length of poles? (\lTithout climbirg on elevated spot) Explain. (Ans. Take hold of poles at the points, with handles on floor; same as above) 6. vfuere should boots fit tightest? Give two pOints. (Ans. Ankle and heel) 7. ~lliere should the most support be? (Ans. Ankles) , 8. Give names of six well known boots. (Ans. Bally, Tyrol, Henke, Allais, Nordic and Bergman) 9. If you are wearing a heavy sweater, you don't need a windproof parka. Yes or No. (Ans. Yes) 10. Should gloves fit tight or loose? (Ans. Loose) 11. In general, how many types of edges exist? Mention three. (Ans. Side, offset, regular, hollow ground, bread knife) - 16 - •• ('{axes) (Glasses) 12. Reconnnend four different waxes fat' four different snow conditions. (Ans. Klister (Corn Snow) Medium and Hard (Powder SYlOW) Wonder Record (Clogging "Jet Snow) Paraffin (Wet Snovl) 13. A good Base Lacquer will eliminate further waxing. Yes or No. (Ans. No) 14. At'e sun glasses necessary on overcast days? Yes or No. (Ans. Yes) Amb6r colored lense. (Sun Lotion) 15. Hhat is the main ingredient in any sun lotion? (Ans. Tanic [\cid) 16. 17. Does oil protect the skin fr~m burning? Yes or No. (Ans. No.) Mention 3 approved sun lotions to protect you from snow burns. (Ans. Skol, Tanasol, Jan and Norwich) - 17 - vffiITTEN EXAMINATION FWSIA CANDIDATE SCHOOL - - --- • Basic Teaching Vr'itten Equipment _No..! -Na-m-e ---- Test -Tes-t Test I. Yvan TFlche C B B 2. Jim Winthers A A A 3. Alvin Schmid C+ f\ C 4. 1i onny vIood B+ 13 B 5. Eric Johnson A- A A 6. David Garretson A- B B 'I. Yvan tatreille C B B e 8. Bob Cooper B- A A 9. Wes Thomas B B B 10. Max Good A- A A 11. John Fountain C 1\ C 12. Jack Samples C 1\ B 13. _?'Jack Major B+ C B 14. Eber Slaght C C A 15. John Neal A- A A 16. Gordie-Butterfield A- B A e 17. Leland Baker C C B 18. Toby Von }~UVT B- B A 19. "_Aaron Phillips B P. C 20. Dale Devine B- C A 21. Stanley Green 1\- 1\ B 22. Joan Law B- A C 23. Joe Auckenthaler B A C' 24. Bill Pritchard C B A rc.:.. --. Pep Gassiot B- A C " . 26. Al vlisely B &I- C NOTE: ~1ethod of grading - ABC Sequence 18 - - Accuracy - Effort - Hints wu a 2 £J 2 L a e FAR vTESTERN SKI ASSOCIATION Office of the Committee on Certification of Ski Instructors Yosemite National Park, California September 30, 1949- FOREl.rlARD This manual is not intended to be a complete treatise on ski instruction (or ski technique) but simply a guide for instructors to follo"T in their teaching. It is recommended that all instructors of the F.VT.S.A. adhere as closely as possible to the s~rstem of instruction outlined in the manual in order to reach a unified teaching method. The committee responsible for the compilation of the instructor's manual has made use of all the latest European ski instruction literature available, has obtained the advice of leading ski school directors both on this continent and abroad, and has relied upon its mm theories as proved in practice and sui ted to our terrain as well as snow conditions. vTe feel that from this manual there should develop a distinct technique adaptable not only to downhill and slalom, cross-cGuntry racing and jumping, but also to touring, the type of skiing which gives tbe maximum of pleasure to an ever increasing number of people. Consistent teaching of the principles outlined in the manual should do much to improve skiing in the "Test and bring more cordial relations between the existing ski schools and their instructor·s. - 19 - ------------------ • , • $ suo_ ; ) e·· e UNIFOBM SYSTEM FOR SKI INSTRUCTION J\S APFROVED BY THE F1\R HESTERN SKI ASSOCIATION Through various meetlngs for examinations of the leading ski instY'uctOT'S tn the F .~,r. Divisi.on of the National Ski AS30ciation, a general uniform teaching procedure has been agreed upon. SEQUENCE OF COURSE OF INSTRUCTION PAGE 'p",-'\.R~~J 1. F£1ui pment -l-r 2. vlalking 1 ~: 3liding ,Step 1 Combined ,Steps (2-3-4) 2 5 .. step Turn- standing or \-Talking 2 6. Falling and Gett:tng Up 2 7. Kick Turn 3 -P-J\-l1-T_ 2. 1. Edging of Skiis for Climbing ? 2. Side step ?: Diagonal Side step 4 Herring-Bone 4 E.L\g1-, "3 1. Running Positions (Erect, Normal, Lov' ) 5 2. Lunging Positions 6 ~: Crossing a Hollow 6 Crossing from Slope to Flat 6 5. Crossing a Ridge 6 6. 'rraversing 6 T. step 'rurn - 'Running 7 -PA-R-T -4 1. SnOVl Plow 7 PABJ ') 1. Snow Plow 'rurn 8 2. ::)ingle ~tem 8 3. j Side Slipping 9 -P-A-R_T .6- 1. Stem Turn 9 2. Christy into the Hill 10 1£',31_1 1. Stern Christiana 10 -P-l\-R-T- -8 1. Parallel Christiana 11 P1\BT 9 1. Jump Turns 11 2. Skating 11 - 20 - g.9~ffiIJjED 2-3-4 Choice of Ground: The 112 step" is suitable for a slight downhill slape; the "3" step for level ground, and the ii4 stepl; for a slight uphill slape. C ow'!?J_ned s te ps : 1. 2. 3· 4. 5. 6. The combination of a sliding step with one or' more walking or running steps produces tbe so-called "2-3-4" step. The "2 step;; consists of a single walking step followed by a sliding step of the other foot. During the walking step the poles are brought forward simultaneously. The sliding step is aided by a powerful thrust with both poles and a for"Tard lunge with the body. TvTO walking steps follO'tved by a sliding step form the "3-step". Three walking steps followed by a sliding step farm the "4-stepl", l.§_8£hing Hints: Take special care that bath in the walking and the sliding step the body weight is fully on the advanced ski and that the knee is pressed forward. ST~ TURN Choice of Ground: Flat terrain with packed snOVT for beginners, §~..e..p-1ll1'n itTbi le Stangl-L!8: 1. Simplest way of cbanging direction is the standing turn. 2. 'Fith poles off the snovT, step sideways and around. 3., vlith each step carry the body weight from one s1<:1 to the other. 4 Make the ski tips describe an arc while attempting to keep the (tails) of the skis in one spot. e J eas.9J-ng Hints: rrhe ski tips should be opened to a comfortable angle, but not so far as to cause tails to cross. FALL]N,9 Arm GETTING.JlP. Choice of Ground: Practice on the flat, then later on a gentle slope. Ep~lJng and Rising: 1. If a fall is inevitable, fall backwards and 8ic1e",ays, endeavol"lng to keep the knees and feet together to prevent their digging into the snow, 2. itmen rising, place the skis horizontally across the slope and below the body. 3. Draw the knees up under the body. - 22 .. ; e 4. With the aid of the upper pole regain the upright position by sliding up the pole while pushing on top with lower arm. 5. ',.Jhen rising in deep snow, both poles can be laid horizontally flat on the snow close to the body and with the support of the hands rise to an erect position by pushing yourself up by the aid of your arms. -T-ea-ch-in-g- Hints.:.. A skier falling should at all times try to fall relaxed. Teach pupil hO~l to get up before y~u teach them any downhill running so they can return to the class without your personal help in case they fall at the bottom of the slope. l\lQJ\JJ1RJ Choice of Ground: Perfectly flat surface, soft ,gnaw packed . .1Q..91i. Tur.!l: 1. 2. ~: 5. 6. 7. Place the weight on one ski preferably lower. Place the pole of the turning ski to the rear and behind other ski. Place other pole forward near the ski tip. Swing the other ski backward then forward and upward with the knee slightly bent, resting the tail of the ski on the snow close to the tip of the standing ski. 1 . .Jbile supported by the poles, swing the turning ski outwards and bring it to the snow parallel to the flat ski and pointing in the ~pposite direction. Transfer the weight to the turned ski. Lift the unweig1:rted ski around, pole following so that the two skis rest parallel in the new direction. TeMbJ-ng Hints: start by swinging unweighted ski like a pendulum alternately elevating the heel and tip of the ski from the snow. Swing to numbers. It is agreed that the kick turns should not be taught too early in the pupil's ski career, and that under no circumstances should any pupil be urged to try the kick turn until the pupil has good steady control of his skis when skiing on the level and climbing. ]g!INQ. Choice of Ground: Shown on a gradual slope. Ec1..g].~.2f skJ_for_ clJm,Pj..!lB: 1. The purpose of edging is to make the skis grip the snow more securely. 2. This is achieved by weighting the edges of the skis. 3. In climbing on hard surface, a more firm step is required to achieve a secure grip on the slope. Sometimes it is nocessary to slap ski down like a knife blade. - 23 ... III • J'~.§l9hi!lB...Hints : Ed~ing is m8st important to the skier, and should at all times be properly controlled. F,xcess use of edges at all tj.mes will decrease the braking power instead. of increasing it; because less sur-face yields less bite. ?1P~:§JEP CLIMlllFG Choice of Ground: Practiced first--orLthe flat, then on gentle and steeper slopes. §1-de-2J~.2: 1. Place the edged skis horizontally across the slope, with feet to-gether. 2. Then side-step up with weight on the upper edges. 3. The poles move in unison with the corresponding ski. Te.§..cMng Hints: The weight normally is brought from one ski to the other, and should be practiced in both light povrder or hard snovi. D+~GONA~-SIDE-§T~1 Choice of Ground: Practiced first on the flat, then on gentle and steeper slopes. pJ..?goDa l-!;c) ide:.:.'? teE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The diagonal s1.de-step combines the walking :Jtep with the side-step. Sl<is horizontally across the bottom of the slope. The uphill ski is lifted, and simultaneously moved forward and sid.eways. The downhill ski is then brought parallel to the uphill ski, but moved forward causing the skier to climb diagonally. The poles move alternately. J&..?.9hing Hiryt§: Do not use in deep heavy snow for the beginner; light or trodden snow 1.s recommended. lI]8]ING-BO~~ Choice of Ground: First on the flat then on gentle and steeper slopes. IIQ.rrinp;-Bone: 1. Place the sldis on a "ViI position with the points outward, and the tails together. 2. Edge the skiis normally with weight on the tail of the standing ski. - 24 ... 3. 4. 5. 6. The climbing ski is lifted and placed forvrard, the tail of it clearing the tail of the standing ski. It is then placed firmly on the snow. Now transfer the weight to the forward ski. Repeat the step "Tith the other' leg. The po108 Bre used as a support moving alternately outside and back of tho Gkil~. 1_E?Jl.9hi,9B Hints: Start on flat, increasing the "V" posiition in proportion to the steepness of the slope. Used for short and direct ascents. Don't tire pupi 1s by making them herringbone too far. A narr0'oT "VIt at times helps a pupil who has had trouble caused by the tails of the skiis crossing. BYl&lE9:POSITIQN3 1. A supple relaxed body is the first step towards a good running position. 2. The knees should be bent and pressed for"rard, bending at the ankle in order to maintain a springr flexible stance. 3. The main weight on the ball of the feet without lifting the heel~ off the skiis. 4. The flexible knees will absorb the irregularities in the terrain ..... also lower the center of gravity thus giving greater stability. ERECT: Body upright and supple, knees slightly bent at the ankle. NORMAL: Knees bent, leaning for~-~t~d so that the b':Xly is always at right angles to the slope. LOW: Increase the forward lean by pressing the knees and ankles more forward. Used for high speed or to cut down wind resistance also usefully used momentarily when crossing ridges. T.§ltShi.!)g Hints: The heel should be flat on the ski with one foot slightly (approx. half ~ boot length) advanced. As pupils progress the objective is to bring the skiis closer together. Skiis slightly apart on a hard or crusty snOF "There stability is uncertain. f..§§ching Hints: /\rms are held nllturnlly- forward with tho olbows fll1.e;btly hrt)1t., Dolen pointing back. Changes in gradient, speed and snow conditions are compensated for by rising and lowering the body between a low and an erect position. Air resistance and sudden acceleration may be compensated for by a more pronounced forward lean. Having pupil bob up and down in the running position teaches relaxation and equal vleightiug of both skiis. - 25 - •• LUNGING POSITION Choice of Grounds: Practiced at first on flat then in a direct descent on gentle and steeper slopes. (Heavy tension released on cables fucilitutes practice of lunging position) 1. 2. ~: 5. The lunging position is used principally where sudden changes in gradient, snow or speed tend to throw the body weight either forward or backward, also crossing hollows, ridges or running into deep soft snow. Frdm the normal running position with feet together, one ski is advanced. The leading knee bent and pressed forward. The heel of the following leg is slightly raised. The upper body maintains an erect pOSition. J§aching Hints: The knee bending (tension removed) can be slight or pronounced exercise, when practicing on the flat or in motion lead with each foot; first one , then changing from one to the other. This should be practiced on hard surfaces then in increasing snow depths. CROSSING A HOLLOW 1. 2. 3. 5. A low position should be assumed upon reaching the edge of a holiow. As the drop into the hollow progresses, the body will gradually _ straighten to the erect position to meet the centre of the hollow. Innnediately on passing this point, the knees m.'d gradually eased· forward and the body again assumes a low position as the very top edge of the hollow is reached. In a sharp hollow the IIlunging" position will help to maintain balance. A series of hollows are really a series of bwnps, so the sarne procedure teaches bump riding. ~ROSSING FROM A SLOPE TO A FLAT 1. 2. 3. 4. The same procedure as for a hollow. Before the change of gradient, the body assumes a low positior.. The Il}oment tbe transition is reached the body assumes an eI'ect position. The normal position will be regained by the change ir.' ~adient. CROSSING A RIOOE 1. A ridge being the opposite of a hollow, the same procedure but in reverse order should be used. 2. The normal running position should change to a very low pOSition at the crest of the ridge trying to keep the skiis at all times in touch with the snow. 3. Upon passing the crest the body again takes to the normal position with rising upward and forward -- knees bent. TRAVERSING Choice of ground: Gentle slope-packed or light snow, with a flat outrun. - 26- •• Traversing: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In traversing or crossing a slope diagonally the upper ski should be slightly (1/2 a boot length) adv8!lced. By standing normally the skiis will be edged. In the normal running position the weight is fairly evenly distributed on both skiis, but when traversing it is natural" to hnve slightly more weight on the lower ski because one ski is lower, The same condition .also causes a slight drop of the lower shoulder. If the skiis are placed farther apart or you traverse a steeper sl09; you will find that the drop of the dovmhill shoulder and the weight on the lower ski will be increased. The upper ski will also advance further. The knees should be bent equally and pressed forward as in the norm&~ pOSition, but never lock your knees. Teaching Hints: In traversing look straight ahead and not down the hill, etc. STEP TURN WHILE RUNNING Choice of ground: Starting diagonally use the crest of a rounded slope. In direct descent} an approximate 15 degree slope is required with plenty of freedom on the outrun. ' Step Turn: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The step turn should be used only for slight changes in direction. It is also one of the practical turns in breakable crust. From the normal traversing position, the downhill ski is weighted and the uphill ski lifted and moved sideways. The uphill ski is now weighted and the downhill ski unweighted, and brought parallel. Both skiis are edged naturally into the slope during the turn. Teaching Hints: Timing is most important when changing weight from one ski to another. The pupil should remain relaxed. While moving the skiis sideways be sure the tips are raised sufficiently so that they will not catch in the snow. Go forward with the body weight, as each ski is placed down and the momentum of the turn will be maintained. SNOW PL01.{ .STRAIGHT Choice of ground: Gentle slope, packod, with u flat out run. §now Plow: 1. The s now plow is important as it is the bas is of mm1Y turns. 2. It is the braking maneuver most often used in slow downhill rmmitw, 3. The skiis should be normally edged in a plow position with the tail~ apart, and the tips close together, but not touching. - 27 - •• 4. 5. o. 9. The weight is distributed equally on both skiis, with knees and ankles bent forward towards the points of tho sKiis. The upper part of the body is in normal forward position. The braking effect is increased by the forward lean, the angle of plow, and edging. The main weight is on the balls of the feet. Take care that the plow angle is maintained throughout by pressing the heels steadily apart. Hands are held normally low forward, poles are pointing to the rear. Teaching Hipts: The plow pOSition should be held in a comfortable stance and not exaggerated; cat'e must be taken that the pupil does not "over" edge by tilting the ankles in or out. A good exercise is to alternate between a straight running position and coming to a full stop. On steep slopes greater' braking action will be obtained by increasing the angle of plow and bringing more weight to bear on the plow itself by settlin~ more forward with ~ the body. SNOW PLOW TlJRT1 Choice of Ground: Gentle packed slope, long enough for several snowplow turns with gentle outrun. Snow Plow Turn: 1. The snow plow position just learned is now made to change direction going dm.rnhill by simple rotation of the body. 2. Keeping the skii3 in comfortable snow plow position, weight evenly distributed on both skiis, rotate the body in the direction of the desired turn. 3. The body being well centered over both skiis puts more weight on lower ski automatically due to the rotation of the lower shoulder forward. 4. The weighted ski tracks straight ahead causing the snowplow pOSition to turn. Teaching Hints: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. All turning should be slow and rhythmical. Edging of skiis should be slight and feel natural. Too much edging makes skiis hard to turn but easy to cross over each other. Always teach pupils to link turns. Have pupils use gentle preparatory wind up to get into first turn fro~ straight snow plow position. Th8reafter, the finish pOSition of each turn is the starting position of tho next turn. -SI-N_G.L -E_ S.?-EM.. ,M-I-NG-Choice of ground: Narrow side hill corridors - side hills not too steep. - 28 - •• 1. Single stemming is simply using half a snowplow. 2. Used on side hills where caution is needed to avoid rocks, trees, etc. to slow down. 3. Can become bad habit of stem braking if used wrong. Keep looking in direction that skier wants to go. Teaching Habits: Have pupil stay centered between skiis and in reality it will be'a narrow snowplow • • SIDE SLIPPING Choice of ground: Short steep hill, packed surface. Side Slipping: 1. Take a normal position across the slo~horizontally to the fall- ,', line. 2. By decreasing the grip of the edges the side slip is started. 3. The speed of the side slip may be regulpted by increasing or decreasing the amount that the skiis ~6 .edgod. 4. The side slip may be steered by mov1'ngtile body weight either back-ward or forward. 5 •• While side slipping the traverse position is maintained throughout. 6 Keep weight equal on both ski1s and both skit!) parallel. Teaching Hints: This exercise should be well mastered as side slipping is the key to all advanced turns. The releasing of edges should be well emphasized. STEM TURN iU¥ .. " Choice of ground: Gentle slope to learn on .. well packed and wide enough for fairly long traverses between turns. 1. 2. 3. 4. stem turn - 1s a snow plow linked by two parallel traverses and is used to teach the windup and follow-through slowly so that the pupil will have less trouble doing them at high speed. ' From-'a normal traverse pOSition use counter rotation of the body which will cause lower ski to automatically stern and weight to move forward between skiis letting the weighted skiis move toward the. fall-line and final direction of the turn in a narrow snow plow. Continuation of the body rotation takes the skiis out of the fallline to a safe position across the slope. ~fuen turn is completed to a point safe enough to run both skiis parallel without their running away with the pupil, the pupil can do so by rotating the body back to 'its original traverse pOSition and is ready for the next turn. - 29 - •• t I r t ., , "j '( : .. e· Teaching Hints: After learned on gentle packed slopes the stem turn should be taught in deeper snow and on steeper slopes. Similarity to Christy should be stressed when teaching on steep slopes as pupils should Christy automatically. CHRISTY INTO THE HIlL Choice of ground: Twenty to thirty degree slope, packed for practice. Christy_into the Hill: 1. Turning left from a traverse position, a slight counter rotatiOQ is started, drawing back the lower shoulder. 2. As you start to unwind, use a forward out and slight dOlln motion - both edges are released equally effecting a turn toward the bill. 3. This turn is a smooth gradual one and is supported by rotat~op from start to finish. Teaching Hints: 1. A common fault - do not finish violently. 2. Liken it to the finish of a Christy and extend it as such. 3. Do not finish too abruptly; it will land you in a herringbone finish. STEM CHRISTY Choice of ground: Twenty to thirty degree slope, use small bumps. Combination of stem, swing, and speed, for a faster turn. STEM CHRISTY: 1. From a traverse position a counter swing is started which produces a slight stem on the lower ski. 2. As the edge of the downhill ski is released, the skiis will seek the fall-line of the hill. 3. With the aid of rotation and forward drive both skiis will turn in theJdirection of the fall-line. 4. The skiis become parallel leaving the fall-line. 5. Perfect timing and a continuous smooth rotary action is important. 6. The steeper the in run the less Wind-up is needed which in turn will produce less stem of the lower ski. Toaching Hints: 1. Use proper terrain to make turns, easier for pupil. 2. Make the finish of one turn the start of another and koop pupils connecting turns. 3. Stress similarity of Christy to snowplow and stem turn. - 30 - •• •, PARALLEL CHRISTY or "TEMPO TURN" Choice of ground: Wide open steep slopes almost imperative. 1. 2. 3. Should be taught following the fall-line closely. Body rotation must be timed to higher speed with longer radius turns. Rotation must feel its way or it will open skiis automatically and destroy parall~heory. Teaching Hints: Teach parallel skiing as stem Christy and if conditions are right and pupills good enough to follow you down the fall-line at high speed, they will find their turns are as parallel as thoy care to havo thom, Skier has to feel these tUrns as the angle of turn is slight and the speed is great. . }UMP TURNS Choice of ground: Used mainly in bad snow conditions but should be taught in snow that will track and hold the skiis slightly on landing. 1. May be done with one or two poles. 2. One pole turn necessitates little body woight put on pole. Turn is done by a sbarp jump, a pulling up of the knees and twisting of body around so skiis come down facing in another direction. 3. With two pole turn most of weight can be put on poles, and turn made by much the same motion as used when vaulting a f8nce. With two-pole turn legs donlt have to be held up close to body and the sharp jerk and twist is unnecessary. . 4. Teach both turns at slow speeds . .Teaching Hints: Have pupil stay close to pole or poles when landing for best control. §KATING ChOice of ground: A flat surface or very gradual downhill slopo, 80ft snow on f1rw buse. Skating: 1. 2. 3. 4. Poles off the ground when skating downhill. Use poles to thrust with on level and for balance. Edge one ski and push with it; at same time place opposite ski in desired direction and glide on it with body contered and balanced over gliding ski. At end of glide odge gliding ski tlnd ropeat the procoDD on oppon1t'" ski. ~hing Hints: At end of run the skating turn can be practiced. •• HOW TO INSTRUCT An instructor need not be a flashy skier, a champion. Such are often incapable of giving a lesson, he must have teaching qualities of a very high order. He must: 1. Thoroughly understand the principles of skiing. 2. Possess a rudimentary knowledge of the mechanism of the body. 3 ... Know how to explain and illustrate a movement. 4 Know_how to correct a fault as clearly and briefly as possible. 5. Never be wordy. - o. Have an eye for mistakes and immediately recognize their c~use. ',7 . 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Have dignity, authority and the qualities which inspire the respect and admiration of his pupils. Have unlimited patience. Have psychological inSight, some pupils need to be led with kindness, others with firmness. Never shout at his pupils, never swear. Not repeat the same mistakes over and over; explain it differently. Not take a week to explain; be simple and to tho pOint. Not tell his pupil all the mistakes he hUB mado. Indicate his mistakes one at a time. As one correction ma~r clear up several mistakes. Have pupils with similar mistakes watch each other so they can be each others mirror. Time his class so as to start on time and finish on time. Watch his pupils for fatigue, frostbite or sunburn, etc. Feel that failure of a pupil to grasp things clearly must " have something to do with his method of putting it over and lead him to try a different method. Never show discouragement at progress of his pupils. Treat all pupils alike as favoritism will lose pupils. CONCLUSION It is understood that there will naturally be individual differences in teaching by the above method as approved by the Far Western Ski Association. However, the fundamental principles involved should always be the same and the final results should bo uniform. In general, keep in mind that the most successful ski teachers seem to be those who are first able to:·make accurate and correct demonstrations of the maneuvers they are explaining, and secondly, correctly analyze the faults of their pupils. The best- teachers do not explain too~:much but keep to the main pOint and do not suggest theoretical matters in class. They keep the pupils feeling that the whole thing is Simple and straightforward. Last but not least, the good teacher must have everlasting patience and perserverance. He must never show that he is discouraged with the progress of his puplJ0 Keep in mind that if the pupils do not mako satisfactory progress, it is more likely to be the fault of the teacher than the fault of the pupils. ' GENERAL NOTES It is understood and agreed that class lessons are more desirable th[j-'~, individual private lessons. At various meetings of teachers in Califm" - 32 - •• e e it was agreed that the most benefit is derived from classes of 6 to 12 pupils. Classes in general get to be too unwieldy when there are 20 or more. Two classes per day of two hours each is enough for any pupil or teacher. Beginners and children tire easily, so watch for it, as ~ tired person gets hurt easily, does not perform up to par, and can't learn much. A written examination must be passed by candidates for certification in the Far Western Ski Association. This written examination requires all ski instructors to have a general knowledge of the organization of the National Ski Association, the Far Western Ski Association, and the rules and regulations for the running of downhill, sl3.1om, jumping and cross-o-ot\ntry:., r(.\eC~. Although the most important part of the examination is the teaching and demonstrating of technique, a candidate who fails completely in his written examinatim may have his certificate withheld until such time as he has made himself familiar with the material covered by the written examination. Each instructor must also have a valid standard, advanced, and Ski first aid card before he can receive his pin and ~ertificate. Articles To Be Found In An Instructor1s Rucksack 1. Extra wax and corks 14. Spare suo gog~les 2. Matches - waterproof 19. Length of raw ide for repairs Adhesive tape 1 • Needle and thread ~: Cotter-pins l~. EXtra gloves o~mittens 5. Pliers 1 • Head.band 6. Pocket !mife 1S) • First Aid necessities ~: Edge screwdriver-extra edges 20. Flashlight Climbers 21. Canteen 9. Suntan Lotion 22. . K1ndle sticks or 10. Burnt cork 23. Bouillion cubes 11. Spare tip for ski 24. Chocolate bars 12. Tincture benzoin -colds ores 25. EXtra socks 13. Zinc oxide Five Important Points of the F.W.S.A. - G.S.I. 1. Speech, Manner, Dress Sterno Dress ~ell and appear neat before your pupils. Your behavior of the best (Anti Gigolo) • Speech should be clear (Do not mumble your words), short precise and to the point. 2. Choice of Ground Ground should be chosen wisely. Beglnnoro gonerally foar n htll if it continues indefinitely, preferably choosa a hollow where the pupils will s top on the opposi te incline. 'l'he ins true tor should 1.11 wl. 1ys have his face towards the SUll, and when it is windy or snowing hard the pupils should have their backs to the elements. - 33 - •• 3. Demonstrations The demonstration should be slowly and well done showing good technique which will appear clear to your pupils. It is far better to demonstrate than to talk too mlch technique to your class. Repetition bears fruit so don't be satisfied with only one demonstration. Do them often! A good picture is worth a thousand words. . 4. Correction of Mista. ke-s Mistakes should be immediately seen and the correction shown to the pupil in such a chosen position (by tho instructor) toot tho wo.tching class can profit by it also. Demonstrate the mistake and demonstrate the correction in~ediately after. Show the ~eason for the m1st~e. A poorly started exercise seldom ends well. 5. Construction of the Lesson Never keep your pupils too long on a tiring turn, change them to doing something easy. They will be more onergetic and work much better. If it is cold, do not do toe much talking, but keep thorn active. Always demonstrate to your pupils before telling them how it is done. Always start the day with some work related to the . previous day. If class is new, start them lower than the class you teacll, that will warm them up and relax them and you discover their true ability and their right to belong in your class. TIPS TO THE SKI INSTRUCTOR FROM THE HOTELMAN 1. 2. 4: 5. 6. ~: 9. 10. 11. 12. Rise early in the morning. Suggest proper waxes for use that day to salesroom. Discuss snow conditions with guests; mix freely. Dress neatly and be 01ean in speech and manner. Drink in moderation - Hotelmen makes money at bar. (If you don~t drink yourself--don't discourage others) Help entertain guests with stories, snapshots, slides, games, or even short trips to neighboring towns, sing songs, dance. Report all aCCidents, with witnesses' namos, immodiately. If you don't approve of everything at Hotel don't complain to guests, suggest corrections to manager. Be ready to help out around the Lodge in emergencies -- such as fire, avalanche, heavy snowfall or failure of electricity, et.c. m?ke yourself a person everybody is glad to have around. Help guests choose equipment wisely. Observe, with respect, special privileges in Lodge and on lift. Guests who follow an instructor on slopes are apt to do the same in the Lodge. Li ve up to what they expect. - 34 - •• I ! ~.,/ -'CERTIFIED SKI TEACHER I. S. I. A. INTERMOUNTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCaATION The following list includes those members which our records indicate did not attend 1972 Spring Clinic or an approved I.S.I.A. Clinic. Excused for Spring Clinic are allowable for National Guard, Reserve Duty, or broken legs only. If you attended the Sun Valley Symposium or any other clinic sponsored by another Division, please advise; this attendance must be documented. These people must attend the Spring Clinic in order to maintain their certification status: CERTIFIED Merlin Berg Jon Brinton Don Cofer Gerald Edwards Jim Gaddis Roger Haran Gene Huber Tom Low Ed Morris Chuck Quinn Jim Secrist Bob J.R. Smith Bi 11 Sull ivan Ernest Underwood Kay Wade Anne Zeigler ASSOCIATES Paul Alsop Carol Baker Elaine Berg Joseph E. Bernolfo Scott Boyer Kent 1. Brown M. Bruce Carr Corbin Clark Ben Dansie Duaine W. Elg John Frank Stan Fry Reina Goodman Kenneth Hansen Eugene Higgins Terry Hines Harold C. Jenkins David Kotter J. Keith Larson David Macdonald Wm. Nash Norm Olsen Howard Pollard Val Price Joseph Sheridan Ray Solomon Jack D. Strain Karl Tucker Lyle Waldron Kathy Wilking Ted Blohm Jack Buffat Doug Coleman Scott Evans Nelson H. Gibbons Richard M. Higgins Gary Knudson Alan Miller Terry B. Morris Dean Roberts Andy Shearer Lee Snedaker Hugh Thompson Ray VanDongan Sandy Wade Bob Zeigler Rey L. Arnold Lawrence Baker Kristin Bernhisel Ken Bitton Margaret Brittain Brian Bush Rick Carrico Robert Clayton Blair Doane Lowe 11 Elmer Lynette Frank John Gee Robert D. Greenleaf John F. Heath Dr. Hollen J. Hiller Butch Hoffman Jolene Keate Marlene Larsen Lileth Lash Lorin McRae Christopher Newell James M. Olson Geraldine Price John Raemer Jerry P. Smith Randy Somerville Steven Sundberg George Varin Katherine Walker Joyce Wuthrich Maxine Bounous Dean Burnham Dick Coon Dick Fry Bob Grant Farrell Holding Dave Larsen Dale Miller Richard Nielsen Jerry Schenck Marilyn Shearer John Sohrweide Allen Titensor James Varin Tom Woodward Charles Zurbuchen Mary Lee Autry Christopher Barker Dave Bernolfo Marvin Blomquist Robert J. Brock Danny Cameron Dorothy Case Gary Cowan Wm. Dunstan Carol Evans Richard Frantz Brian Goates Dick Grover George Hendley Jan Hines Don B. Hutchison Wm. Kilgrow Glen E. Larson Diane Lloyd Lois Jean Nash Richard Nielsen William Plummer David Price Bruce Raile Steven Springmeyer Doug Steimle Brian Taylor Arlene Waldron Joan Wetherill '7( __ )rv8 1~f(;:1 7s//5)r' MINUTES OF THE PNSIA-SKI REPRESENTATIVES MEETING $eattle Area Ski manufacturers Representatives met with officers of the PNSIA at a luncheon meeting at the Polynesia Reptaurant in Seattle on July 27, 1971. Those attending were: Chris Backman, Rene Allard, Russ Butterfield and Dick Zue, of K2; Peter Grossman, Henke and Hart; Dick Knight, Kneissl; Tex Steere, Spalding; Leroy Kingland, Raichle; Fred Nelson, A&T and PNSIA President; Bill Lenihan, past PNSIA President and Joy Lucas, PNSIA Executive Secretary. The need for better control and identification for instructors equipment was discussed. Several Companies, especially tbose dealing with skis, are working with the Dealers, requiring the dealer to take a more active part in the program by having the skis sent through the dealer and not shipped direct to the instructor. Most of them are USing the Full-time and Part-time cost set-up. Several are having special forms made for the PNSIA since this Division seems to be different than most of the other Divisions. Recognizing the difference in the various needs of the Companies and the Instructors and Divisions, the following suggestions were made: FOR THOSE WORKING DIRECTLY WITH THE DEAlERS: Require a CURRENT PNSIA credentials card plus their driver's license showing their picture. The dealer will punch the Credentials card when a purchase is made. (PNSIA has printed squares on the back side of these cards designating the allowed equipment.) FOR THOSE DEALING MOSTLY WITH MAIL ORDERS: Require a photostat of the CURRENT Credentials card. ".Tbe Companies will send a copy of the order to the PNSIA Office for filing and control of the amount of eqUipment obtained. This could give ~ositive identification and assurance the instructor was actively teaching. Our office would then notify the Companies when an instructor had filled his quota. PNSIA will send a newsletter to all members outlining the" eqUipment. program l:'rniting the instructor to two pairs of skis, two pairs of bindings and one pair each of poles and boots. We will also mail _ nstructions to all Regional Dealers explaining the program. Instructors will be liable for expulsion for wilfull forgery or fraudulent].:- use of the program. To cover the cost of mailing the letters to the dealers and the instructions to the instructors, and what was expected with their cooperation, it was decided to raise the cost of running the envelopes from our addressograph plates to $16.00 for our Associate and Certified list and $32.00 for the full ·2500 membership including the Registered, plus the cost of return mail of the envelopes to the Companies. If deSired, our PNSIA Office will also stuff and postage the mailings at cost to the Company. If you have any other questions or suggestions, please contact Joy Lucas, PNSIA Executive Secretary. (206) CH4-8541 or Box 6228, Seattle, Wa. 98188. Topics and Leaders RMSIA SEMINAR GROUP DISCUSSION SESSIONS Tim e !II: 00-12: 00 1:30-2:30 : 2:30-3:30 ! 3: 30-4:30 -.~--,., --. . . ~.----t.------ i-,w,-,~~---.-,---+----- 1. Budget & Finances IRoom ,Room ; Room Room Paterson & Engel I Small iSmall I Small Small I Seminar ! Seminar ! Seminar Seminar I I 2.·'·C-ertifi~~tio~ -- -- -'---'IR~;~-----""-: Room'- --- --- TRo~;;;----·-- ... -. Ro~~--'-- Garger, Windisch !Large iLarge ! Large I Large & Dercum IS eminar ,Seminar_ __, s_~~:_ .--1 se~i_na_~. ____ _ 3. Communications iR, oom . Room . .. -4'-;~& ~~ ---- __ -~~le~Y---tI-!-~-~-~-to-r-i-u-m--; G_a_1_1_er__y _ -h~~orium ------------.------., ----~- -----+I----~------+l------------~----------- 5. Proficiency Tests ;Room I l Room as a Selling Tool :Auditorium! ! Auditorium Parker _ I I E·:»)m 1 G:laery ! ! _~. __ .L ____ _ 1)t1"~ ~'(J ~ ~;t1 ~ .~ ." .' (tJ£ ,t<VV'ML~/("~ FINDINGS: Intermountain Ski Instructors Association Treasurer's Report Fall Seminar The Financial Statement cannot be truly interpret ted or compared accurately to preceding years because through the past years there has been no exact nomenclature of categories on income or disbursements. (Coding system) That any changes in the procedures directed by the Board be transmitted immediately to the Executive Secretary, Treasurer and the Accountant for proper nomenclature of account listing. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That the persons responsible for the recording of, receiving, banking and paying of monies, meet \\lith the accountant, who is paid to prepare statements, and \\lith accountant's guidance prepare the exact account nomenclature under \\lhich to list all income and disbursements in a standardized procedure so that all future persons dealing \\lith the accounts \\lill be readily able to interpret and list proper accounts as understood by accountant and ISlA personnel. 2. That the fiscal year ending be changed from June 30 to August 31 in order that all preceding years business transactions may be received and included to truly reflect the subject year. 3. That the receiving, recording, banking and paying of all receipts and disbursements be accomplished in either one of the follo\\ling \\lays: A. That the Executive Secretary receive and deposit all income and notify the Treasurer \\lho shall be responsible for payment of all bills and keeping of records, reconciling bank statements each month and submitting of records to accountant. B. That the Executive Secretary be bonded and be responsible for receiving all income and the payment of all disbursements. 4. That the person responsible in No. 3 above maintain close liason \\lith the accountant submitting all records for accounting periodically as required by the accountant in order to keep the records current. 5. That the Interim Statements and bank balance be presented to the Board of Directors at their regular meetings. Respectfully submitted, Adrien Segil, Treasurer Intermountain Ski Instructors Association INTERM, OUNTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIAT. ION GENERAL MEETING AGENDA \.JELCOHE OF HEMBERS READING OF NINUTES OF LAST ANNUAL [-1EETING (or waived) REPORTS: l. 2. 'J ..J. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. ~ President - Clark Parkinson Vice President and Certification - Phil Jones Secretary - Edwin Pond By-Imvs Committee - Fred Finlinson Ski School Directors Cornmittee~ Junior Bounous Racing and Coaching Committee - Bob Autry Ethics Corrunittee - Jack Colven Budget Committee - Dave Larsen Historical Committee - Al Ellis Credentials Comrnittee - Edwin Pond Technical Committee - Andy Shearer Demonstration Team - Hax Lundberg Communications Comrnittee (Newsletter) -:_pave Chaplin Clinic Committee - Dave Parkinson Awards Committee - Frank Gillette Elections Committee - Lou Lorenz ACCEPTANCE OF REPORTS BY HEIvlBERSHIP OLD BUSINESS: NEW BUSINESS: vi, Summary of Budget for the coming year - Dave Larsen ~2. Sumraary of 2eorganizaSion - Ed Pond 3. P.B-:I.A:. - Jim ~nley 4. (A"Yards - Clark Parkinson ADJOURNHENT PSIA ANNUAL SPRING CONGRESS Program of Events Thursday, April 13 8:00 - 3:00 (Lionshead) 9:30 - 12:00 (Lionshead) (Lionshead) Registration Ski School Management Seminar, I Free Skiing with D-Team 12:00 - 1:00 Open 1:00 - 3:15 (Lionshead) (Mid-Vail) 3:30 - 4-:30 (Lionshead) 5:00 - 6:00 (Lionshead) 6:00 - 7:00 (Lionshead) Friday, April 14- 8:00 - 3:00 (Lionshead) 10:00 - 10:4-5 (Mid-Vail) 10:4-5 - 12:30 (Mid-Vail) Ski School Management Seminar, II Free Skiing with D-Team Bio-Mechanics Seminar Dr. Juris Vagners - Guest Speaker Binding Seminar Dr. Richard Spademan - Guest Speaker Keg Party Registration Advance Skiing Demonstration U.S. Demo Team Advance Skiing Workshop U.S. Demo-Team 12:30 - 1:30 Open 1:30 - 2:30 (Mid-Vail) (Gold Peak) 2:30 - 4-:00 (Mid-Vail) (Gold Peak) 4-:30 - 5:30 (Lionshead) 6:30 - 7:30 (Lionshead) 7:30 - (Lionshead) Methods Manual I Touring Demonstration Methods Workshop Touring Workshop Racing Seminar Hank Tauber, U.S. Olympic Coach - Guest Speaker Cocktail Party - Equipment Displays Cash Bar Cocktail Party Saturday, April 15 8:00 - 12:00 (Lionshead) 10:00 - 11:00 (Mid-Vail) 11:00 - 12:30 (Mid-Vail) 12:30 - 1:30 (Mid-Vail) 2:00 - 2:30 (Mid-Vail) (Gold Peak) 2:30 - 4:00 (Mid-Vail) (Mid-Vail) (Gold Peak) 4:30 - 5:00 (Lionshead) 5:00 - 6:00 (Lionshead) 6:30 - 8:30 (Lions head) 8:30 - 10:00 10:00 - (Lionshead) Sunday, April 16 10:00 - 11:00 (Mid-Vail) 11:00 - 12:30 (Mid-Vail) 12:30 - 2:00 (Mid-Vail) (Mid-Vail) 2:00 - 3:30 (Mid-Vail) Registration Methods Manual II Methods Workshop Outdoor Picnic Amputee Demonstration Touring Demonstration Amputee Workshop Methods Workshop Touring Workshop Preview of Ski Area operators Meeting in Europe Steve Knowlton - Guest Speaker Annual Membership Meeting Annual Party Open Cash Bar with Live Entertainment Racing Demonstration Course Running Outdoor Picnic Kite Flying Course Running PSIA extends itTs sincere appreciation to the following for their participation in this congress and for making demonstration equipment available to all. Those attending: Beconta Brunswick Garcia Hanson Hart Head K-2 Lange Prom ark Vail Associates PRESIDENT'S REPORT OUTLINE On Friday, the 14th of April, I attended a P.S. LA. Board Meeting in Vail, Colorado, on behalf of Intermountain. Items discussed at said meeting were: 1. Possible coope:ra tion between P. S. I. A. and the United States Ski Association. 2. National Ski Academy and its possible funding as a foundation. 3. By-Law revisions to enable associate members to have a full' vote. 4. Employment of foreign instructors, i. e., registration, contact with Department of Labor and Ski School Directors, policy. The Board of Directors was very hospitable to myself as the Intermountain observer and offered us a vote in said meeting; however, I pointed out to them that our Board of Directors resolution did not make our ratification effective until July 1 of this year. They indicated that they felt like we had always been a member of the National Association and this was merely a formality. They requested a copy of our resolution, which I have since mailed to them. Edwin J. Pond President Friday, May 15. Following lunch at A-Basin shelter, Lash introduced George Engle of Winter Park, president of SRMSIA, Warren Taylor, Executive Secretary NSA, and Hank Tiedeman, Regional Supervisor of Arapahoe National Forest. Taylor offered to open himself to suggestions as to how the NSA office could be of assistance to the Instructors Association and ask instructors to please take advantage of the office when it could. be of help. Tiedeman welcomed the Instructors Association and introduced other forest service pc sonnel. Bob Gardiner, Richard Pragnell, George Goresuch, and Dale Gallagher. Friday, May 15, 2: 00 P. M. General Meeting of Committees and School Directors. Faculty Club of A-Basin. Lash called the meeting to order. SKI SCHOOL RATES. LAS!i: First, let's get an idea of what ski school rates are. SPARKS: Our rates at Stowe are $3 for 1/2 day lesson, 4 lessons for $9, 8 for $18. Most hooks of tickets do not have to be used within a certain period. Private lessons are $10 for one person, $12.50 for two, $15 for 3. 1/2 day private lessons are $20 $25, and $30 (1/2 or 3 persons and full day is $40,45, 50. SCHNEIDER: North Conway. Our rates are the same as Stowe. Private lessons are $6, $9, and $12. Half day 1 person $20 and full day -I person $40. VALAR: Franconia. $ 3. each, 5 lessons fur $18 no limit in time. Private $ 7, plul:i $2 for eac h additional pe r son. We have no all da y private Ie s sons as we do not take private students during school time. PFIEFFER: FWSA Snow Summit, $ 2 for one hour, $3.50 for 2 hours sold in conjunc ion with rope two ticket. General rates run about $ 3. for two hours and $5 for all da Private lessons from $6.50 to $8.50 average $7.50. $3. per person per hour additionz, JOHNSTON: Cussa. $2.50 to $3 for' two hOllr class. Private from $ 6 to $8. WINDISH: A-Basin. Class $ 3-$5. all day. Private $8.50 , $3 for each additional person. $ 25 for book of 10 lessons. ASPEN: We discourage half day instruction Half day, $ 5, all day, $ 6. 3 days $15. Private, $10 hour, $4 for each additional person, limit of 3. SPARKS: What is the Forest Service's stand when instructors wish to raise rates? TIEDEMAN: The Forest Service has a clause which states that they can regulate ski school rates, but has no criteria as to when rates are reasonable. They feel that the public will control the situation, that if an area is changing to much they will not go there. Perhaps eventually they will have an accounting formula as to where rntes art' reasonable. Probably they would approve any raise in rate. Q: Are rates set by region? A: Within the Rocky Mountain region it shouldbe uniform. LASH: If the ski school director has a sublease from the area operator he has little to say about the rate structure. SPARKS: We are faced with the rising cost of salaries. We took the private lesson t" $10 instead of raising salaries ( the instructor gets half of private lesson). This releaved the overhead which faces ski schools, especially in the east wlwl'p it. Iljight not snow and you are stuck with a tremendous overhead. BOUNOUS: Then weren't your boys late for class time? SPARKS: We only give private lessons outside of class time. 8:45 to 9:45 and 12: 00 to 1: 00. They are kept within controlled area so instructors will be there for clas s. PFIEFFER: Has the percentage of private lessons remained the same? Friday, May IS, Meeting of l..ommittee and School Directors - 2 SPARKS: It keeps going up. JOHNSTON: Price does not determine how many will take lessons. only interested in a ski school because he knows he has to have.one. does not have a salary. The area operator is Usually the director Q. What should be the stand of intructors with regard to agreements with operators? How much should the operator take from the reveUl~ of the school? SPARKS: According to contract, in the East. BOUNOUS: We have no written contract except? when the operator has trouble keeping a director. LASH: Do we have more demand for private lessons than yOll can handle? VALAR: Yes, people want to cut time. SCHNEIDER: People who can afford it want private lessions. 1£ classes were smaller it would be easier. SPARKS: At our school private lessons do,not use a private gate. They use class gate. I They do not get free tow tickets this year. We used to have a private gate but quit it and it didn't affect the demand even when we' 'Went up in rates. This had nothing to do with crowded classes. People just want to learn as fast as they can. A ski instructor is worth $ lOan hour, same as in golf or tennis. ENGEL: Is there any problem with people wanting to turn in books of class lessons for private le sSbns? SPARKS: Very few, and we donH do it. To ~uch bookkeeping. LASH: What about schools and learn-to -ski weeks? VALAR: I make more on learn-to - ski week. It depends on how it is set up. For S days, $20 minimum through Friday you can take 8 lessons. I get $2 per person per lesson. You can take lessons or Hft rides. Most people use the school rates. LASH: Ski schools are competing in ski weeks in the West. Will this affect instructor rates? SPARKS: The instructor is getting paid anyway. LASH: This is a problem in areas that pay commissions. K. SMITH: People won't repeat if they do not ski enough in class. TIEDEMAN: What percentage of slope do you do instruction on? LASH: That depends on the size of the school. fI'IEDEMAN: What is most popular? LASH: Beginner then intermediate. SPARKS: The qreatest mistake we ever" made was not spending more time on the beginner's slope. WAGE AND SALARY RATES IN SKI SCHOOLS: LASH: What about wages and salary for instructors: PFIEFFER: In the Far West we have a ,committee that has done a great deal of work gathering data and this might be conti~. Could we have information on areas represented here. VALAR: Our instructors get $ 8, $10, $1S. a day, depending all private lessons out of school time, free room and board. WINDISCH: Most of the week-end instructors get 60%. Full time instructors get $2S0. to $300 month and 60-70% from private lessons when they teach more than 3 hours a day. SCHNEIDER: $ 7 a day, $10 for week-ends and 70 "%of private Ie s sons outside of ski school. TONY: i~s(p.Ae~ $lS a day, SO% of private lessons. Six day week, not paid for day off. SPARKS16,t1w~ ~ay on a graduate salary basis. We have 8 girls for children starting at $6S week. Certified boys get $7S week and SO% privates. If he lives in company units Friday, May 15, Meeting, Committee and School Directors; -3 we deduct $11 week. We have boys who get over $100 and assistant directors who would go to $125 and go into a bonus set up, to transfer risk of no snow to directors. Our private lesson set up is run by an index instread of a true 50% meaning a percentage of the average, to stop sniping. The index is run once a week. Everybody is guaranteed at least $5 per private lesson. CHASE: (aspen) We have a couple of different situations. We have three basic salaries $14, $16, $18 a day and these slide up to $16, $18 and $22 when the total school business goe s over 300 people in school. Instructors get 2/3 of privates on Sunday or anything over 4 hours a day during the week. SPARKS: My guarantee is if it doen't snow they will be r:arried for two weeks, and some will be dropped after tha1:~ CHASE: The snow gamble is offset when instructors participate in some kind of a bonus system. BLAKE: (Taos, N. M. ) No. guarantee at all. Instructors get 60% of the to,tal school take divided by the number of instructors teaching. Senior instructors get 70%. K. SMITH: Instructors take 50% if he is week-end or temporary up to $12.50 600/0 up to $25, and over that 900/Q Regulars and full timers get 50% up to $20 ,90% after. BOUNOUS: Full time instructors are on salary which varies according to seniority begging with $225, month with room and board for 6 days to highest of $350 with room and board for 6 day week. All instructors receive 50% frorr. private lessons outside school time. Week-end instructors receive free room and board regardless of whether or not they work. They only work when necessary to use them. If they work they receive $6 day and 50% of privates. They also get a bonus at the end of the season. JOHNSTON: It is hard to give an average for Central. Most of the instructors are on percentage basis because of uncertain snow. The area operators take from 15% t6 25% and the rest goes to the director and instructors. Bo'(,le Mt. Pays on a contract basis with the top man getting $2500. We have quite a few Austrians who are paid to get over here and the red tape is taken care of, plus room and board and salary (3 -to 4 $ hour) Plus an hour for travel time. PFIEFFER: Do instructors feel that perhaps Bo'!ne Mt. is violating the State Employment act by importing foreigners. We have to see if we can hire a home grown person. JOHNSTON: This is not true in the midwest. PFIEFFER: In Cc.'llifornia if you want aman you tcll thc goverment clerk that it is very important to get him and they note "Special Qualifications" and there is no trouble. If someone wanted to lodge a prate st they could louse up the whole deal. GRANT: (Wildcat, N. H.) $10, $12, day and 50% of their private lessons. ENGEL: Our instructors are paid a straight monthly salary according to seniority. This year we broke down the monthly basis to a daily basis and put it on a graduated scale based on how many people were in school on a given day. For example, if the school had 45-60 people teachers got $15 ($2 day less if less that 45) If there were from 66-85 people teachers got $2 morc. From 86-150, $5 more and over 150 $9 more. On private lessons we split with them 50% after they taught 25 private lessons for the school. Last year four out of eight taught 25 private lessons before Xmas and the top 3 men taught over 80 privates in the first month. The salary structure p'er day could vary. This has worked out for us. The reason for changing was the gact that if a guy was on a flat monthly salary he could discourage business to get in some free skiing. This makes them fight for business. School picked up 35-40 percent this year. JOHNSTON: Is this based on class lessons? A: Yes. JOHNSTON: Is there a guaranteed daily rate for the season? Friday. May 15. Meeting. Committee and Schoul Directors - 4 ENGEL: Yes. We got extra instructors for week ends and they get $ 10-$16 a day • . LASH: Do instructors get any other fringe benefits. SPARKS: All the food they can eat. BLAKE: All equipment at cost except Head skis. VALAR: Special season tickets for wife and kids. SPARKS: Lift privileges for whole family. Someone from the Far West said nill time boys get $250-$400 a month with $50 deducted for room and board. It is pretty rough to give any quarantees where snow is not to good. Howev_er, most schools Have a good . sense of loyalty. Many areas pay on an hourly basis. Hourly rates go from $ 2 -$5 hour. Privates are $ 5 roughly. ~ .. They get lift and discount privilegas. All areas give full timers free skiing except Mamouth which allows only funy certified men on week days. SO% discount on week ends. SPARKS: We give instructors 50% chop in lodges or bars. JOHNSTON: What about visiting instructors? SPARKS. They get passes except during Christmas week. Sometimes we get instructors from other divisions who are no longer teaching:and ~ant passes. They can't h~ve them during Christmas week. Usually I try to hire tHem. I get it from my lift operators, like the day the lift made $27 and 950 ski instructors rides. JOHNSTON: In Central we would like toexpress our thanks for. the men who have been issued passes. I hope that if it is over done you will let us know about it. SPARKS: If any instructor brings a letter from his school director it will bo ok otherwise I don't know if a guy is current. JOHNSTON: This is a problem that should go on the list. LASH: Some Divisions do not issue cards every year but not all divisions do this. SPARKS: Canada n~w .has a very nice credentiai book which is a good 1ft<'. Especially since all Canadian instructors come down after their schools close. BLAKE; This is also useful when instructors move to other Divisions. PFIEFFER: In the Far 'West the question has cqme up regarding wages and rates. should the't'. be a guild, r feel instructors 'could help raise their status if we had control and eliminate the threat of unions. '. ' SPARKS: My boys do modeling and have to be paid $80 day. nO matter how long they are outside. That is an easy way out. as they have to be paid that rate. K. SMITH: Classifications of students in classes is another problem. SPARKS: Every school has the same p~oblem. We are fortunate because we teach in two areas. One is strictly fOr beginners. If a mistake is made you can tranfer them. The advanced section of the school is broken up into sections stead of separate classes. A class goes up with three instructors and then they are 'btoken up. We always have a floating' instructor in addition because a big c1as s may -ha.~e to be made into two classes.It helps to know other areas so if people tell you where and what runs they have been on you can classify them. I . MAX DERCUM: (Ar,apahoe) Another problem is how you can pay one teacher wilh 10 people and another with three the same rate. BOUNOUS; We were paid on a percentage bases between 500/0 -70% ,at Alta. The top instructors got the advanced classes which were,generally the sinallest. INSURANCE TRENDS: JOHNSTON: In central no instructolhas been insu~ed for his negligence. However. there is a risk involved. Many times area coverage will includ~ ihstructors. I have a letter from Paul Copello ( insurance broker). Please inform the Insturctors that we arc interest cd in prOl iding liability' coverage fOr ski instructors. Single policy $25. 000 liability will be $25 year per man. For full participati~n about $ 10 a mati. half partibpation at $15 or small participation about $ZO. We can also insure a ski schooL bn a percentage basis • , 1 Friday, May 15, Meeting, Committee and School Directors - 5. of 1% of gross receipts, subject to audit ( same method as area operators.) Also we can provide private medical insurance, rate to be based on percentage of participation. SPARKS: A good lawyer will try to forget the instructor as much as possible. BOUNOUS: In Sugar Bowl we are covered with all employees and personnel in the area, it is an area policy. A percentage is taken from the gross and ranges according to accidents over past years. At pre sent it is 6% but it has been as high at 120/0 and as low as 3%. PFIEFFER: Winthrop encouraged an insurance company to qllestion all instructors and area men so they can come up with rates designed for skiing. At Squaw Valley, all accidents, left, avalanche or anything, are attributed to the ski school so that 16% of the gross of the ski school is paid on insurance. We have no statistics and that is what Vv need. SPARKS: There are insurance companies who are in the ski business and have these statistic s. JOHNSTON: In Central the large insurance company is CUlllllWlltnl Casually. Many insurance companies have gone out of the ski writing business recently. ENGEL.,: Does the Forest Service require ski schools to carry insurance? TEIDEMAN: No, but areas must be. Some areas cover all employees. SPARKS: A lawyer in a courtroom can make a fool out of you. Ski instructors ought not comment on things that need to be fixed around areas in presence of witness. JOHNSTON: People have become more claim conscious and we may well be more On the hook next year. $ 10 for peace of mind as an instructor is definitely worthwhile. K. SMITH: In the last 3 years, much more recognition has been given to the hazards which the person' assumes when they engage in winter activity. Therefore the instructor should say" If it is alright with you we will do this". This is a new tack, but given in the definite opinion. The court doe sn It place the whole share of re sponsibility on the defendent. When you put skis On you know you have taken on certain risks. SPARKS: In the East, we think that but we have no opinion from a Federal court. LASH: What if a man takes a student into closed area? K. SMITH: Why that is definitely negligence. JOHNSTON: Even the cost of hiring alawyer is expensive. whether or not you win. K. SMITH: One percent is certainly a nice price, wit,h all insurance rates becoming rediculous. With workman I s compensation, social security, unemployment, our school pays 8 1/2 percent on-' every dollar the school take sin. SPARKS: I recommend that Jimmy Johnston follow this up and that anyone interested see him. JOHNSTON: How many would be interested in instructor liability of $25,000 for between $10-$12 a year per man based on ski school basis. (NO COUNT) BOUNOUS: At Alta the ski school has to pay its percentage of insurance. However, it is a blanket policy for the area. The percentage if 4% at present. Each instructor pays3%. on gross receipts. I myself have paid 2 or 3 hundred follars for coverage. JOHNSTON: How many would be interested in a blanket policy, not accident, single limit policy for each instructor? (8) LASH: Should we go into liability in sooth?? ? SPARKS: 1111 talk to our lawyer and see what rates we can get. Se were spread around ,and finally we give it to AIU and the savings were unbelievable. JOHNSTON: Would it be only for certif ied instructors and would it be for anyone teachin in a certified school? F'riday, May 15, Meeting, Committee and Scho9l Directors - 6. LASH: How can we prevent liability suits? SPARKS: That is the directors job and a verbal job. I prefer not to put anything in writing. A lawyer can make too much of it. They can subpeona anything in black and white. Each oirector should tell his instructors to be careful what he says. If your own lawyer is not a $kier he can't protect you. In CAlifornia even the statute of limitations is cO,nsidered to start when the injury starts to hurt. JOHNSTON: If anyone asks about an injury, tell him you are not insured. \ SPARKS: We demand a report of any injury even a twisted finger, and this is inour files. ')PECIAL USE PERMITS AND CONTRACTS: ':';PARKS: In a Forest Service contract when the Director of the' School must certify. ,'ou get a special permit for one year. Within that year you have to renew that permit or ',\ke a certified eHam. rIEDMAN: They vary. Each new area is put up for bn and one thing we look at is per(~ ntage of fee bid. A flat fee is part of the percentage bid. If they bid 2% over and above 'le fee say $ 500, it is part of the percentage. If your annual fee is less that $ 300 it ould probably be a flat fee. Most areas are over that and go on a percentage baais. ':hools are only on a flat fee. In A-Basin and also Loveland fees from the ski school go ight in with the area. , 'FIEFFER: In the Far West, the percentage varies from 1. 8 to 3.2. which is subtnitted by ld. The school pays,its 2% to the area which passes it on to the Forest Service . .ASH: No gripe about schooismust hire only cer~ified instructors? 'FIEFFER: By implication but there aren't that many instructors. Even if the Director ; not certified, sometimes the men in the school are certified, there have been situations !\.e that. But the Divisional Association now requireR them to be certified. '1NDERMAN: In Northe'rn Rocky they must be certified- if someone is available who is , rtified . .ASH: Then there is a difference in policy regarding the certification problem. [EDEMAN: That may be due to timing. When the older permit,S were issued we did not 'lOW how much about skiing. Now at least the main instructor must be certified, but Ilderlings need not be. ASH: In Sun Valley last year the question came: up why there is no certification program lore. That is when all the instructors at Sun Valley become certifed. We have over "pping of Divisions and Forest Service areas in the ce rtification program. NGEL: It is officially required that any instructor op:! rating on Forest Service land must ; certified. With04t ch,anging the National Manual they changed the usage sense and now Illy Directors must be certifed. lEDEMAN: If the National Manual states this we would have to abide by it. We could lve had a change since you checked. >JGEL: We have just two classes, Associate and C..,crtif(;d. but we issue a permit until 1(~ instructor take s his examination. ' INDERMAN: I feel like the money I pay into the Fore .. t Service is my contribution to y prote ction against others operating in my area. [EDEMAN: There is another point we wanted to discuss,' but it so long that I don't ;lJlt to start it now. NGEL: You have in mind <,:hanging of special use permits so that ski instructors and urest Service meet with each other and diScuss as to whether there should be changes i special use permits. If anyon:e is inte re sted rnaybe we could ,meet with Hank and : scuss this ( 4 ) 'FIEFFER: Supposing the Forest Service would iike to have competing schools? FRIDAY, May 15, Meeting, Committee and School Directors - 7. CHASE: Doesn't the special use permit apply merely to the operator and not to the ski school? ENGEL: But the area feels that it is up to the Forest Service to enforce the rules regarc' ing the school. LASH: K has his own special use permit. AU the Divisions except Eastern have only two types of classification, Associate and Certified. PFIEFFER: In Far West the Forest Service doesn't state what kind of classification can handle a ski school, but the Certified Instructors Association Requires their standards. LASH: We feel there are differences in the standards of certification inthe different divisions. The determining factor is the divisional certificational group. Some divison have a tough standard and others are easier. The Forest Service is not aware of this. T brings to mind the reciprocity of certificates, in other words, transfer. ENGEL: The only way we could have a standard examination would be to have an examini board go from area to area and do all examining. This is not feasible financially at the pre sent, or how could we get enough examiners who could do this? If we could standard17 procedures in all examinations then we would come closer. At the present time this is already happening. The way to bring this about will be through going to the examinations of other areas and gathering data and then making changes in your own. If enough of us can do this it will come about that we will have like standards of teaching methods. LASH: I think we are very close right now. People want to know what program the NSA has for certification and where the information is available. The economy with within each Division, but the basic procedures are pretty much the same. If we can get these through the National office it would solve the administrative problem. We need an outlin( of what examinations cover in different divisions. SCHOEK: The procedures may be the same but what about the standards? ENGEL: Within a division the level of skiing may not be the same. This is a difficult problem. ALBOUY: Tile presence of one examiner for another division would be "a help in setting standards. This is a problem of funds. ENGLE: There is a time factor too, as well as funds. ALBOUY: Perhaps there could be a floating examiner. LASH: When we go to another division and observe we always learn something. By getting together we could at least simplify the thing. ENGEL: I want to ask at least oneme-mber of each division to contact your secretary of your division and give the date s of your examination and if he has the papers send several copies to the JNSA headquarters so that when someone writes them about how to become certified in the area, it doesn't have to circulate around. If Warren has all this info available in the NSA office, we could write and tell them what and when the examination was and the material necessary. If they need more information he could tell them to writ, the As sociation in que stion. LASH: In divisions where examiners are paid, the fee is a problem, what are the examination fee s? PFIEFFER: The first time $ 25. If he doen't make it he gets nothing back but can try 3 years on that same $ 25. If he passes it includes his pin, dues for one year, examination fee, and membership in the Association. SPARKS: We charge $ 20 for the pre-course and $ 20 for examination. If he flops he gets $ 15 back. Next time he pays $ 20 again and if a waiver has been signed he can skip the first three days of the pre-course and pay only $ 5 for the fourth day. The waive ring is very small. We make a point of either running a pre -':ourse or sent them to the precourse which helps polish them II1p. We use as many examiners as necessary sometimes6. Friday, May 15, Meeting of Committee and School Directors - 8,. The Examiners are paid for their expenses, travel including. HINDERMAN: We have a flat fee of $ 10. If he flunks he can take one other examination. Examiners are not paid. You have to attend clinic every second year to hold your certification. No charge for the clinic. WOODY: In ISA it is $ 15 for the first and $ 10 for each additional exam. They pay the ('xaminers $ 15 a day. The $ 15 covers pin and first year's dues. CHASE: Up to this year our fee was $ 15 whether or not they passed. The second time the fee was reduced. We expect the ski school to train instructors. Those that passed had to buy their pin and pay initiation fee and first year dues. We just raised the fee to $ 25 and all this is now included. We still have a reduced rate for an associate. Clinic is run for certified instructors only. Examiners are paid $ 10 a day for five days ( one day off, four days duty. ) K. SMITH: How many examiners are there. California has 15. CHASE. Last year we had 14 for 60 candidates. This year 10 examiners for 40 candiates. But it would still take 10 for only 20 candidates. Ten is a minimum. JOHNSTON:. In Central we have sub-division. Lake Michigan is a prublem flO we have examinations in two locations. We have a 3 day pre-course and 2 days examination, and 2 day clinic for certified instructors. It takes a lot of time. Ordinarily it is Monday through Wednesday ( precourse, Thursday and Friday, (exam) and Saturday and Sunday Clinic. Last year we had 32 applicants and instituted program of Associate and Certified ( on Michigan sidEd. There were 26 on Wisconsin side. We hope the precourse will increase the number of instructors. F~es are $ 10 for the pre-course and r~xamination. No refund. Dues are $ 5 ad~itiona1. This year it has been increased to '$ 10 dues. He has to buy the pin $ 3, and that is all. We recognize the Assiciate but give him a badge instead of a pin which also says certifi~d although he is associate. We may go to another pin since we are being stiffer in our requirements. Therefore we would like to eliminate pins given out years ago. I think there is an advantage in having the examiner see candidates during the pre-course. We pay examiners $ 10 ;J. day and use 10 examiners, 5 on each side. LASH: What are your By-Laws regardin1 transfer; PFIEFFER: Its a matter of decision for the Board of Directors. The aplicant applies to F. W. and we contact his source of certification to send his credentials. If he is an Associate he can take Our examinations and is graded on his ability to perform. If his records are not accepted he may be asked to take an examination. LASH: I feel it is degrading to ask a good man to take an examination. PFIEFFER: I would feel like it was presumption to ask for certification without an exam. VALAR: The membership doesn't know what kind of a skier a man is. In Europe I r:an teach in another state but not as a certified instructor of t.h<\t Htale. ALBOUY: The Division has a re sponsibility to find out. CHASE: Our By-Laws says that a certification can be acc~pted by 100% vote on the Board, but this doesn't happen. I believe I could teach in the Far West with My Southern Rocky pin, but if I intended to teach ther for the rest of my lif~. I would want to pass my examination there. We can't know everybody. There are to many of them. J don't see any real need for direct reciprocity. K. SMITH: We seem to be half astride the fence. Since precudurcs are not standard there can be no question of accepting a teacher until we find out how good he is. Since we do not have standard ization now we would want to be able to show our ware s. Also every division has its own problem s, terrain, snow people s temperament. The refore we might ask for an orientation course to be taught upon date on their approach. SPARKS: Reciprocity is contingent upon standardization. It will be a natural process ;cfte r standardization is achieved. Until examinations are brought up to a mean Friday, May 15, Meeting of Committee ,-:end School Directors - 9 calibre it is impossible. In every associaLion there arc some slobs. CUR T: If you agree to consider reciptrocity depending on type of records then you make it a question of someboQ)I's judgement. It it is a matter of course to take an examination it doesn't depend on anybody's judgement. Standardizing procedures is not going to standardize the quality. JOHNSTON: We have some fellows come into Central. We have applicant meet with B of Exam. at the time of the examination and ski with them and then the B. of Exam. vote whether or not he should be asked to go through the examination. BOUNOUS: We are still missing one point. A person can be transferred but also he has to be hired by someone. The Director who is going to hire him will certainly have t, judge his skiing. Examination procedure s are relatively the same but teaching may be very different. Therefore the director has to judge whether this man can teach for him. K. SMITH: I took on an Associate from the Far West, a nice guy and seemingly he coul(' teach. I had my hand on him. He turned out to be a dead bead, went off without paying his debts. This brings up the need for an association wide file to be kept on each man which would follow him whereever he goes. BOUNOUS:If there had been more correspondence and cooperation there would have beel' better understanding of this person. SPARKS: Do you keep a personal file. Could you produce a letter. K. SMITH: Just up in my head. But I could tell you something about him. ALBOUY: The human point of view should not be forgotten. If each member of an associati.on wants to respect his own pin he wants to feel that in another division it is just as good. SPARKS: Maybe if an examination was set up in conjunction with a meeting like this it would be the easiest way to get a criteria to bring back all divisions. It would give us a little cross opinion. How many here are on examining Boards? ( 10-12). If an exam were set up in the spring somewhere where there is snow it would be a conbinatioJ' that would kill two birds with one stone. The amount of money that would be spent in two more days would not be much. LASH: I feel that we should at least leave the door open to transfer. We are a professi and should respect One another. BLAKE. Could we make this meeting of the Certifing Committee in a three year cycle and then have one nationat pin. If the eifferences are too big to do it in two brackets add a third bracket like an apprentice. LASH: This has all been done in 1952 - 53. SPARKS: Eyen pins have been designed. LASH:: You have to take some kind of policy. Some people you do know and some you don It. ENGE\..: A letter doesn't necessarily bear much weight. K. SMITH; I am not an associationist. But competition is a mother of progress. Comp etition will produce an initiative that would be lost with a national program. LASH: Especially now that some divisional pins are a trade mark. WINDISCH: Not if you have 00. 90% from out of your division. SPARKS: I would recommend that transfers be thoroughly investigated by the requested parties before they are finalized. LASH: I would like to recommend that the divisions at least hold the door open. EARLL: We do not have a division that flatly refueses. The big problem is getting a standard as slose together as possible. LASH: Far West has had the beggest problem. PFIEFFER: We have had quite a few requests for transfers. But we are getting an exct hang of ideas' and getting to know each othe r bette r. Firday, May 15. Meeting of Committee and Schuol Directors - 10 LASH: I also recommend that the division send an observer every now and then to find out what is going on. We should try to incorporate this into our examination program. PFIEFFER. The situation is now such that there is very little problem for any instructor to transfer if he knows what to do. We instruct the guy to have his source of original certification write us a :coufidention letter of recommendation. LASH: We hsve people whom we didn't recommend. SPARKS: We do too. LASH: How many people have seen the report on school skiing by Dr. Russell. Shall we refe r it to the committee / SPARKS: I want to state that I disagree violently with the first sentance. Yes, definitely refer it to committee. LASH: A lot of divisions are doing advc rtising and promotion and the rc iii a pos siblity of pooling our advertising and showing all pins. This will be discussed later. ALBOUY: If we could have a grouping of present advertising problems of ski instructors in general on the basis of the whose group we could get set up for much more advertising, showing manufacturers that for skiing on a big level it would be good for them. LASH: When the SCA gets active this may be a way of coo.perating with it. Urtil it gets going we should push it ourselves. ENGEL: In this respect, we ran an ad paid for bu the association with seven ski schools listed. Each school was billed for 1/8 and the association paid for 1/8. SPAKRS: Ou a national level we would pay for it on au association level. ENGEL: It could be passed on to ski schools in some areas. SPAKRS: I don't like to' pass it one. They can't be that broke. ENGEL: They are that broke. PFIEFFER: In this business of advertising there are some very big pitfalls. It is the biggest racket in the world. The question in my mind is which kind of advertising do we want, prestige advertising or selling advertising. Are we paying too hfgh a price for this type of advertising? However, there is one advantage to this, free editorial space in the magazine where you buy space. But how about the gobs of people who never read a ski magazine/ The meeting was adjourned at 4:45. The social hour was sponsored by Larry Jump, Puma- Lifts, and Roby Albouy. Head Ski Company at the Ski Tip Ranch. Movie on the History of Ski Teaching was presented by and Narrated by Erich Windisch. A. Basin. CERTIFIED SKI INS']'rmCTonr; .I\.s~n(:Il\rION (SRHSA) Annual Candidate School and Ski Instructors Examination PLACE & DATE: Arapahoe Basin, 64 miles from Denver o~ Highway ij6. Registration for candidates at Arapahoe :&lsin Ski School, 9:00 A.M., April 23, 1957. The schooling for the examination for candidates ldll bt":pjn at 11 :00 ft..M. April 23rd. The actual examination will be gin Hednes da:y, March 2 LI, with t he written exam, and will continue through Friday, April 26. SCHEDULE OF EXAM: TUESDAY, APRIL 23: MORNING: 9:00 to 11:00 - Registration and Orientation. 11:00 to 12:30 - Groups skiing with examiners. 12:30 to 1:30 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:30 to 5:00 - Group skiing with examiners. EVENING: 8:00. to 10:00 - Lecture. Subject of lecture to be announced WEDNESDAY, APRIL2k: MORNING: 9:30' to 12:30 - Group skiing in difficult snow conditions. 12:30 to 1:30 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:30 to 5:00 - Group skiing -- demonstration of ski teaching methods. EVENING: 7:30 to 10:00 - Written exam. THURSDAY, APRIL 25: MORNING: 9:30 to 12:30 - Practical examination on slopes. 12:30 to 1:30 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:30 to 5:00 - Exam on slopes. EVENING: 8:00 to 9: 30 - Lecture on avalanche hazzards, by USFS representative. FRIDAY, APRIL 26: MORNING: 9:30 to 12:30 - Continuation of eXBl"ination on slopes. 12:30 to '1:30 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:30 to L:30 - Continuation of examination on slopes. EVENING: 8:00 o'clock - Announcement of examination results. PLEASE NarE: Examination fee for candidates is $15.00. Friday, April 26, the last day of the exams is also observation day for the National Ski Instructors Council. Each candidate must send in a written application enclosing a letter fram a Certified Instructor in good standing with this Association, stating that the candidate has at least taught for one season under a fully Certified Instructor. Please send applications to Certificate Chairman, Willy Schaeffler, University of Denver Stadium Office, Denver 10, Colorado. CERTIFIED SKI mSTRTJc,[,(l ','3 ',(_~,) ::-; ~ T_" :'!OH (SEnSA) PLACE & DATE: The Annual Convention of the CSIA (SRNSA) will be held at. A.rapahoe Basin Ski Area, Colorado, 6L miles from Denver on Highway 116, April 27 and 2R, 19_£)7. PURPOOE: The Annual Clinic will serve as a refresher course for all certified instructors in the SRMSA region. The latest ski teaching methods will be demonstrated and explained. Everyone will be given a chance to catch up w-ith what is going on in the world of skiing and ski teaching. SCHEDULE: ' SATURDAY, ,~ MGRNINP: 9:00 to 10:00 - Registration at Arapahoe Basin Ski School Building. 10:00 to 12:30 - Demonstration of fundamental skiing up to stem turn. 12:30 to 1:15 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:15 to 3:00 Demonstration in groups up to parallel turn. 3:00 to 5:00 - Setting of master slalom course. Discussion of modern racing techniques. EVENING: 7:00 to 10:00 - Annual instructors meeting, election of officers, old and new business, etc. 10:00 to 11:00 - Movie on latest Austrian ski teaching method. SUNDAY,~ MORNING: 9:00 to 12:00 - Group skiing demonstrations and discussions in the field of latest teaching developments. 12:00 to 1:00 - Lunch. AFTERNOON: 1:30 to 3~00 - Haster giant slalom. 3:00 to L:30 - Free skiinp,. 5:00 to 6:00 - General meeting and prize awards. NOTE: The National Ski Instructors Council is observing the last day of the Ski Instructors exam and the first day of the Ski Instructors Clinic. We, in this Association, feel very honored to have representatives from the five divisions of the National Ski Association with us. Therefore, every certified instructor in this region should make every possible effort to attend the clinic. If you have any questions, please address them to Mr. George Enp,e1, Ski School D:i.rcr:tor, vJJ.ntl"r Park, Colorado. CERTIFIED SKI TEACHER I. S. I. A. INTERMOUNTAIN SKI INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION NEWS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH -- The 600-member Intermountain Ski Instructors Association, (I.S.I.A.) stages its annual Spring Clinic at Alta, Utah, April 30-May 1 and 2. Keith Lange of Salt Lake, Clinic Chairman, says this year's clinic marks the 20th Anniversary of I.S.I.A. this year. Alta Peruvian Lodge will serve as headquarters for the 3-day affair. Instructors from Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Nevada will attend the clinic. All certified ski instructors are required to attend in order to maintain their certification status. Friday, Max Lundberg, U. S. Demonstration Team member, will select the I.S.I.A.'s Demonstration Team. Competition for the 10 spots on the team will be intense and the best skiers in the Intermountain West will be competing. Saturday,the Instructors will observe their Demonstration Team demonstrate K-2 Ski Company's Short Ski Graduated Length Method "GLM," modern and advanced skiing methods as demonstrated by the U. S. Team at 9th Interski held earlier in the year in Germany and the teaching methods used in teach-ing intermediate and advanced classes by the Park City and Alta Ski Schools. Sunday's program will consist of a racing clinic, conducted by Pepi Steigler, Olympic Gold Medal Winner, a Nastar Race, free skiing and a Preparation for Certification Clinic. The Association's newly elected Board of Directors will be announced and Phil Jones, Park City Ski School Director, will be presented the Association Ski Instructor of the Year Award. The Clinic will end with a meeting of the Board of Directors who will elect next year's President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer. |