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Show PART II PRESENT STATUS passed through heat exchange equipment once and then discharged back to the stream system or used for other needs. Cooling water which is distri- buted in recirculating systems is passed through heat exchange equipment, where heat is absorbed, and then passed through a cooling tower or spray pond, where the heat is lost before recirculation. Water is depleted in recirculating systems by evaporation and leakage, and must be replaced by make-up water. Water withdrawal requirements for recirculating cool- ing systems are significantly less than for once-through systems. 1/ Water quantity requirements for manufacturing processes vary widely. 2/ The food and kindred products industry included fruit and vegetable canners and beet sugar manufacturers which generally require process water for washing, cleaning, blanching, cooking, sterilizing, and transporting foodstuffs. Meat packing firms require water for a variety of processes, including carcass dressing and rendering, hair removal, washing and clean- ing. Soft drink bottling firms use water as a raw material in the final product. Dairies use large quantities of water for washing and cleaning and cooling milk and milk products after pasteurization. The lumber and wood products industry requires water for spraying logs to prevent cracking, debarking of logs by water jets, and in the preparation of wood preserving solutions. The printing and publishing industry has essentially no water requirements other than for personal sanitary purposes. The fabricated metals industry in the Region is composed primarily of steel fabricators and boiler shops which require water for cooling and sanitary purposes. Firms in the stone, clay and glass industry, which make concrete products and ready-mix concrete, require large quantities of process water for washing sand and gravel and for incorporation in the product. The manufacturing demand for water does exhibit seasonal variations; however, seasonal patterns are not as predictable as for domestic water use. Some manufacturing industries require significant increases during the summer months for seasonal process water. Other manufacturing indus- tries such as some firms in the food and kindred products industry require major increases when raw food products are available for processing. Generally, however, manufacturing industrial water demands vary from a maximum of 120 percent of the average monthly withdrawal requirement during the summer months to a minimum of 80 percent during the winter months. Livestock Water Use Livestock water requirements are significant throughout the Region, with the largest total requirement in the Green River Subregion. 1/ References: 5, 13, 32, 34. 2/ References: 3, 13, 22, 26, 27, 28, 32, 34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44. 11 |