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Show The White River Ute People However, eastern Colorado was flooded with gold seekers. Conflicts between them and the Ute People were numerous. Efforts were made to remove the People from North and Middle Parks. With the 1868 Treaty the Hot Sulphur Springs Agency was closed. The equipment and goods were transported to the new agency on the White River. White River Agency In 1868 Piah and Yamparika leaders Nicaagat (also known as Greenleaf, Ute Jack, and Captain Jack), Paant, and Suriap (Lodge Pole's Son) negotiated and signed with other Ute leaders a treaty. It established for the People a reservation in unsettled western Colorado. As part of this treaty the United States agreed to establish an agency for the Parianuche, Yamparika, and Uinta-ats bands on the White River. In the 1870s these bands came to be called the White River Utes. The White River Agency never functioned well. Supplies were always inadequate, and the White River People increasingly felt the pinch of hunger. They tried to continue their traditional travel-hunting patterns. In 1872 leader Quinket (Douglas) led his sixty lodges to central Utah. In 1873 Nicaagat and Piah led their people to Denver, and Quinket went to the Snake River where there was trouble with the Arapaho.9 These leaders continued to lead the resistance to non-Ute intrusions. From July 1874 to 1878 the White River Agent was Edward Danforth. He provided some supplies, encouraged cultivation of the soil, and supervised a school. Game was still plentiful in western Colorado. The White River People were not yet forced to completely depend on the government for their food supply. The People continued to travel where they chose. However, the best hunting grounds lay between the reservation and Middle and North Parks, areas which were now occupied by non-Utes. What food and implements were to be supplied by the government were not delivered or were of inferior quality. For instance, in 1877 supplies which had not been issued at the agency for two years, were stored at the railroad depot in Rawlins, Wyoming, about 175 miles from the agency. Over three hundred White River People went to Rawlins to secure their goods. The residents were |
