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Show B72 FLOWERS. countn·e s, sue h as t h e Ba nana, h ave pro duced numerous varie-tics; but as these have never been des01·ibed with even mod~rute care, they also are here passed over. Nevertheless a sufficient, and perh aps more th a n Suffici.ent, number of cases have. been g1· von, so tha t tl1 e read er may be enabled to jud.g e for hi.m self on the nature and extent of the variation whwh cultivated plants have undergone. CUAP, XI. BUD-VARIATION. 373 CHAPTER XI. ON DUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND VARIATION. DUD-VARIATIONS IN THE PEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, AND DAN ANA, AS SHOWN BY THE MODIFIED FRUIT- IN FLOWERS; CAJIIELLIAS, AZALEAS, CIIRYSANTHEliiUMS, ROSES, ETC.- ON TilE RUNNING OF THE COLOUR IN CARNATIONs- BUD-VARIATIONS IN LEAVES -VARIATIONS BY SUCKERS, TUDERS, AND BULBS- ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS- BUD-VARIATIONS GRADUATE INTO CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CIIANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE- OYTISUS ADAllll, ITS ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION- ON TilE UNION OF TWO DIFFERENT EliiDRYOS IN ONE SEED- THE TRIFACIAl, ORANGE- ON REVERSION BY BUDS IN IIYDRJDS AND MONGRELS -ON TilE PRODUC'l'ION OF MODIFIED BUDS BY ~l'IIE GRAFTING OF ONE VARIETY OR SPECIES ON ANOTIJER- ON TilE DIRECT OR UiliiEDIATE ACTION OF FOREIGN POLLEN ON TIJE MOTHEl~·PLANT - ON TilE EFFECTS IN FEMALE ANIMALS OF A FIRST DIPREGNATION ON THE SUBSEQUENT OFFSPRING- CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY. THIS chapter will be chiefly devoted to a subject in many respects important, namely, bud-variation. By this term I include all those sudden changes in structure or appearance which occasionally occur in full-grown plants in their flowerbuds or leaf-buds. Gardeners call such changes "Sports;" but this, as previously remarked, is an ill-defined expression, as it has often been applied to strongly marked variations in seedling plants. The difl'erenoe between seminal and bud' reproduction is not so great as it at first appears; for each bud is in one sense a new and distinct individual ; but such individuals are produced through the formation of v~rious kinds of buds without the aid of any special apparatus, whilst fertile seeds are produced by the concourse of the two sexual elements. The modifications which arise through bud-variation can generally be propagated to any extent by grafting, budding, cuttings, bulbs, &c., and occasionally even by seed. Some few of our most beautiful and useful productions have arisen by bud-variation. Bud-variations have as yet been observed only in the vegetaule |