OCR Text |
Show PRICKLY SALTWORT. 954 PRICKLY the vegetable, tain. whether it previously existed ready formedin during the ed effect ls radica n or if it be a combination of certai process for obtaining it. SALTWORT. 955 be treated like potash of commerce with lime and ardent spirit, as described before. ‘ Remark.—It is curious that someplants, whichin their native l kingdom united with Soda frequently occurs in the minera soil yield only potash, afford also sodaif they are cultivated in It appears the neighbourhoodof the sea, or on land occasionally inundated byit. it is ¢ sulphuric, muriatic, and boracic acids; quantities in Egypt combined with found in large carbonic acid. surfaceof the to be deposited in large impure masses, under the ExrertmMENTAL Proors or THE PROPERTIES OF SODA it is extracted by runearth. in various countries, from which ning water. Experiment I. ation ‘Thus it is found after the spontaneous evapor lakes in Hunof the water, mixed with,sand in the bottomof and in Switia, Bohem in gary, in the neighbourhood of Bilin MerHop OF DISTINGUISHING SopA From Porasu Let fall into a solution of the alkali to be investigated a few near Tripoli in Syria, zerland. It occurs also in China, and out of walls, and oozes ntly freque Egypt, Persia, and India, It crystallizes on their surface. grains of oxalic acid; for this acid forms with potash oxalate of potash, which is very soluble, and on the contrary with sodait produces oxalate of soda, whichis of a verydifficult solubility. Properties oF SODA. Experiment II. ing proSoda differs particularly from potash by the follow exposed When . fusible perties. In the fire it is rather more ForMATION oF Soap. carbonicacid ; but to the contact of the air it attracts water and es a pasty conit does not liquefy like potash, it merely acquir not altered by sistence, and at Jast crumbles into powder. Itis more feebly. gen hydro rated sulphu and r light. It attracts sulphu es aludissolv and fuses lt acids. the to ly strong It adheres less by ization its volatil mine moreeasily. All its other properties, ity, solubil its ? its a very high degree of heat, its acrid causticity, + combinations with sulphur, &c., resemble those of potash. Meruop oF OBTAINING SODA. f from the ashes Soda, like potash, is procured by lixiviation Cl grow upon the sea burnt plants, but only from those which shores. The variety of plants employed for this purpose is very considerable. the different speIn Spain soda is procured from itea i my aus 2 . ° : The Zostera cies of the Salsola salicornia and Batis maritima. tne of borders the maritima is burnt in some places on and i Fuci, of species various In this country we burn the France they burn the Chenopodium maritimum. pure according to th Thesoda thus procured is moreor less t is obtained. nature of the particular plant from whichi 7 soda. greatest part, however, is a true carbonate of the carbonate mus purity of astate in it obtain to order In The combination of soda or potash with oils, or fat in general, forms the compound called soap. The union of oil, &c with potash affords those called soft soap; the combination of Fa with the same substances affords those called hard soap t seem s to be an an established established truth, t i we that potash combined with ny ind of fat can only afford a soap, to which no cooling can give a.har d consistency. I i The additi srtai he The addition, however, of a certain ntity of soda, or even of muriate of soda, will produce the ect of consolidating it. The formation of white soap may be shown in the following manner :— i+ c a aff, 7 ~ ) ; L a i i . ‘one part of lime (previously slaked) and two of soda be ouled in twelve 7 parts of water rate for half ; an hour, filter . the lixii ixi ri raohoe a linen cloth (pouring back the fluid uponthe ie passes clear), and evaporate it till its specific gravity aC S755 or, which is the same thing, till a phial which aN oe one ounce of water will hold an ounce and threesighths o UsrE i fluid:ag thised having been done, soap may be made re, ixture of this ley with olive oil, in the proportion of art : part of the former with two of the latter, in a glass or stone-ware bee vessel. sel. Thi i i This mixture being beat up ‘ from titime to e with : wooden 7 2 ‘ i i oe spatula, soon becomes consistent, and if stan eo i i for four or five days iit forms a white hard soap. 1aT ‘.—In R,— : i i large manufactories the ley for making soapis |