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Show its lower extremity contributes to rorm. The meridian al tiludc ol' to-day gave us the latitude of 45" ->0: 5" north. As we J>assed the village ol' t'om· house•• we found thatth~ ; 11 babitunts had ••eturned, 1\n<l sto)•pcd to visit tUem. 'l'be houses arc similat• to those ulready t.leseril>(~d, l>ut larger, from tJ 1 irty .five to lil'l y I' eel long, and thirty feel wide, being sunk in the g•·ound about six feet, and raised the s~mc height above. '!'heir beds a1•e raise<\ abo~l four lcet anll a )la\f above the iloor, anll Uw ascent ts by a new painted ): 11 11\.,r, with which every l'amily is p•·ovidcd, and under U 1 cm arc stored their dried fish, while the S)>acc betwt> en the ll~u·t or the bed on which they lie and the wall of the house is occupied l>y the nuts. roots, bes·s·ies, and othct· provisions. wl>ich a1·c sp•·ead on mats. 'l'be fireplace is ahout eight feet long, and six feet wide, suuk a foot below tJ 1 c Uoor, secured by a frame, with mats placed around for the family to sH un. In all of the bouses at·t.~ jmages of men of different sll<tpcs, amlvlaeed as ornaments in the part!\ of the house where they are most seen. They gave us nuts, bert•ies, and some dried fish to eat, a.ntl we purchased. among other articles. a ltat made aftcl' their own taste, such as they wear, without a brim. They ask hit;h prices for all that tbcy sell, observing that the whites below, pay dmu·ly for all which they carry altere. We cannot learn precisely the nature of the trade cart•ied on by the Indians with the in. habitants l>elow. llut as their lmowlr.dgc of the whites seems to be very illlllcrl"cct, aml tht~ only articles which they ea1·ry to market, such as pounded :fish, l>eat·-grass and roots, cannot be an object of much fo1·eign traffic, theh· intercourse appears to be an intermediate tt·atle with the natives near the mouth or the Columl>ia: rrom them these people obtain in exchange l'<n· their fisb, roots and l>earg .. ass, blue and white beads, copper tea-kettles, brass arm~ bands, some scadct and blue robes, and a few articles of old European clothing. But their g1·cat objc.ct is to obtain l>eads, an a1·ticlc which holds the tirst place in their ideas of UJI the JUisSOIL1'i. 57 relative value, aml to procut·c which they will sacrifice their last article or cloth in~ 01' tiH' last mouthl'ul of' rood. Independently of thcit· fondness for them cUI an ornament. these beads at·c the medium of trade, by which they obtain ft·om the Indians still higher up the l'iver, robes, skins, ehappclcl bread, IJca.•·-r;l'ass, &c. 'l'ho~c Indians iu tut·n.employ them to procut·c l't·om the Indians in the U.ocky mountains, bea1·· !;•·ass, pachico, l'Oots. robes, &.c. These lntlia.ns arc a·a.thet· below the common size, with. high check-bones, th1·ir HOSt'S piCJ'CCt.\, am\ in l'ull dt•ess, omamrnted wi1h a. tapering pit·ce of white shell o•· wamlHllll about two inches long. Theit· t~yes arc exceet.lingly sore aud wt·ak, many ol' them havt~ only a single eye, and some 1•crfccUy hlinll. 'rhcit· teeth prematurely de~ cayrd, and in ft·equent instances, altogethc1· worn away. 'l'boir gcuoral health, however, seems to be good, the only disorder we have t·emal'ked, being tumours in tlitlcrent parts of the body. 'I'ho womt.~n arc small and homely in theia· apI> e~t.ra.nec, their legs antl thighs muclt swelled, and their J·nces remarkably huge; <lcl'ormitics, which are uo doubt owing to the mnunc~· iu whieh thry set on their hams. 'fhey go neady naked, lmving ouly a piece of lcathct• t.icd round the l>rcast, falling thent.c , neal'ly as low as the waist; a small robe a.bout th1·ce l(~ct S(tna rc. ant\ a Ilicct· of lt~a.thcr, which ill su1•plies the pl~wc of a cover, tied between their ll'gs. '!'heir lmir is :,ufrel'Cll to hang loose in evcs·y dit•cction; and ln their persons, as well as in thcit· cookery, thry a1·t~ filthy to a most tlisP·ustiw .. degree. 'V e here obsc1·ve that •-' .., ihc women universally have thci•· heads flattened, and iu many of the villag('S, \\e h~n·C la.trJy srt'Jl the f••m;tlC C'bil ch·cn undergo the ovrr at intr. V ()J.. lT |