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Tho Pnlighlt •JJ I'd JJ H•as tu ·e~ allopled by ont· OoveJ·nntPJJ t for lh t' t·x pl ol':l.ti on of' til <' ] JU!Jiie d01nain, tho organizati on and tlt oJ·ough t•quipntl' n( of' tho nunH'I'O IIS i'i lll'l't'j' ing Jl:L di<•H Ll1aL have trar ' l','t•d th • r •g ion W<'HI of' tlw .1\li s,.; issippi wi l hin til t• la ·t 20 y •:trH, Logl'LI1 ' l' with LIH• HI ill IIIOrP <•xll'nsi vt• l'X JII OI'aliom; hy l lriralt• <.'lt le rpri He of our g rl':t.L ntining di st r i\'1~, h:tl't' l'l'KIIIkd i 11 p;i1·inp; 11H IIIHferi:tls front wlti ('il :lll utiilll' sk l't\' il (':Jn 1101\" lw mndt• t li al ntay lH' at'\'l' plt•d in all il l::l Cl::i'l' lllial pa1·lieular · a~ :ti'Cur:Jil' antlwol'! liy of' ron litlt•n<'t'. ll l 1 :1 ~ lin pp<'lll 'd to 1n 1• to l ~t• t·onnt•d <·<l with tlll'l'<' of' ll1<• Ol't•rnnt t• nt K tll ' l' t'.)' ~' · to wh il'l1 J 11 :11' 1' n• f't• rl 't•d, andlo K[Wild ~t' \'t• ml .)'P:ll's in trn vt·r~i l l,!.!; til t' great an•:t ly in g- lH•Iwt><' ll t il l' Colt1111b ia H.i v\' 1' and til t• Uulf of J\l t•x iro. Til ' obst' tT:tl iom; wli it' li 1 li:tl'<' ma<lv 011 lilt• gt•o l op; it'al :-;( ru l' (lll'l' ol' oil I' \\'t•K( t•rn 'l't> rr ito ri t·~, Kllppl t• nll ' ll( ill :L ~O int • \\'!JHI l'(' lli :Hka!JJt> 11":1.)' l l1o;.;t• ln:t dt• by Dr. I! :t,) <!ton, :-;o that l:t k<' ll lop;l'l lll' J', our rt• pol'ls l' lll body tl11• rl';.;nl ts ol' :1 rO<'OIJ IJoi;.;sant'l' ~l J ·t·le ll i lt g on·r lll'arly LIH· wli olt• ol' OIJ I' rn ;.;t J HIHHl'~sions wt•sl ol' till' ~ I iHsissi ppi . ') ur I\JtO II'il•do·t• ol' tl lt' "Polon· \· of' litis n'!.riOil l1 :1.H ah.;o lH'l'll laJ-gt •lr \._ ~ ~ r-"1 . , ~ \ • in<'J'I':IS\'d hy tilt• 110 lt•:-;s i Jnport: t.ltl <'O iilr i l>uti o n ~ ol' ol li t•r l'x pl oi'\'I'H. . \ntoJJO' tli ost• wl1o dt'H<' t'rt' nt n ost 11 o1tom!Jll' nH•ntion in liti s <'OIInt•t·lio n nn· ~ !1 ·. <lt•o l'f.(t' <lilibs, to 111ion1 Wt' an• ind t•bll'd for 1n ost tl1n t \\'\' know ol' I IH' o·t·olon·\· ol' \\'n sl1i no·ton '1\•I Ti (o l')' · to PJ·o f't•ssO I'H \\'. P. 1\l:tkt• :111d 'I'IIOIII :JH t"' n . r"l • ' J\nti sl' ll , to PI'Of't•ssor \\'lliill< ',)' :wd lil t• olli t' J' ni i' JnlH• J'H or lil t' Ual i f'onlia (IPo logil'al f-i iJI'\'1',\'; lo ll:JJ'O II H.il' lilliol'vn, llu· lanl t' lil <•d HciiJOJJd , l> rs. ~ !Ji i' J , \\'i sJizt' ll ll >i, :t nd ot ll l' I'H, 'I'll <• rl's nl ts obl:ti nt•t l hy lil t• ln st, l:irgt•sl al lll 1H•sl o r~ :tni zt·t l pnrly wlii r li li n:,; bt•t•n Pnp;ngt•d i 11 \\'p:,;(,•rn <'Xp lomt ions, t hai of' J\lr. ( 'l:Jn•JI<'t' 1\iJw h:l\'t' nol )' l'l bl't' JJ o·i l't'n lo l il t• ·JlUhl ie but f'ro111 :111 t'X:IIn i JI :tlin ll of' ~, ~ ~ ~o 1n 1' of' l il t• m:t lt•ri:tls wliil' li n,n• lo t'O IIl jlOH<' tlt l' rpporls of' U1is <'XJlPdi lion, I f't•t• l,jn :,;l i lil'd in s:ty ing, lh:tl it wi l l ]1 1'0\'1' lo lw :tntoltg til t' IJI OHI i iii [IO rl :1 1il of' alii li t• st· ri t·~ of' •·xpl orn lion:,; of' wliieh it f'OI'JIIH pad ; an<1 I hat l il t• publi sll l'd l'l'H til l,;of' l li is<'X jH'd itio JI will bt• not Olll .)' :111 iuq)() rl:llllt·o ntrih uiio ll lo ~l' i l' lll 'l' :tnd onr i<JIOWi t•do·t• of Ollr 0\VII \'OJJn(r)' b11L a IJia!J !JOJIOI' lo n • ' ( > lli ot:~<' by wli ont ! li t• work l1ns U\'l' IJ JH' I'rornl t'd, and lo lltl' Uovt' l'nJJII ' Jil , b,1· wl1irh iL wn ~ org:lni~t· d . \\'ith oul uoi1w in to dt'l :t i ls or l' iliJl"' tiJP f'n ('(::; 01· :tnlli orili t•s on wl lil' ll " ~ n our I'O ll l'luHions J'\'Hl, I will in f't•w " ·o nb gi vl' Ill <> g<' ll l' nilili •;; ol' til <' g<'ol op;im l and lopographim l ~ lru d un• o f' 1 ha l p orti on of Uti I' l'O Jil i ll l'llL wl1ielt ineltl(l<·H tl1c yH'e ulia1· f'pa t un•~:; lli:'tt ar to b' llJOI'I' pe ·ially til l' HII b,j i'!'L of' t il iH pap!'r. IL is kJIOWII lo ntoHt JWrHon · tllaL lil t• gt•neral el1arat'l <•r of tl1 1' topop; mpli.Y of' til <• J't•gion Wl 'l:it of' t it • J\li ssi;;sippi lmH lH't' ll gi vt •n by lll l'l't' g rmt lin t'H of' l' ll'vali on wliit:ll Lrav\'J'H<' our '1\• JTi[oJ·y f'I'O JII north lo so ul II : t liP H.o!' k.)' )\f ountain lk ll , Ill <· f::l iPI'I':L .N't•rada and l lio 'o: tHL HangPs. o r l li t'S(' ti1P l:tsl is Ill • n1 osl JJIOdl' rll , and is l'OIII]>mW<L, l'or t he mosl par t, o f' J\1 iot·t•nt• 'I'Prli a.J'Y rol'k .;. It foriJIH a rai sl'tlln:tl'gin al ong ti ll' \\'('fll('J'Il Pdgt• or t i ll• ('0 11 - l ill f' nt , and ltas prodll!'l'<l t hat '' i1·on bound <'tJ:LHt' dt'.'('J'ill\'d by :til l li o:,;o who hn vt• navig:d t·d that p ortion of' t il l' Pal'ili t· wh i<"lt waHii t•s OIIJ' sliol't'H. l'nmll t•l wi th 111<' UoaHL .l\l onntain ::; li t•::; a JI:LJ'I'Ow tm 11g li ll'il il' ll, in 'alif'ornia, is Lr:t.vf• rsl'd by lll <' H:t('J':l.IIII'Ji to an<L 'a11 .J o:w liin Wvt' J'H, :111 tl ]lO rli oJIH ol' it havn rl'c<'i vvd t l1 !'ir nanws. J•'url h<•r norll1 , l itis l rong l1 i t> ) l:Jrlially fill <·d, aJHl for ~0 111 · di :,;laJI C<', ll !'al'ly obli tt• J·all'd by [ il l' t'JJ <'I'oa!' li nll 'lil of' l il t• n(' ig liboring nJOUJttain mnp;t •H, but in On•gon :tnd \\ras liinglon jj l'l':IJlj ii'HI'H CHS!' JJii:J!Jy tiH• S:tnl \' in S(l'li (' (UI'l' aH f'ur l !J t• J' HO JJ (!J, and is !JI'I'I' lmv<' rH<'d hy till' \VillanJ l'll<' and 'owlitz H.i v<• r::;. 'l'h t•s<· two s<•elion:,; of' lliiH g reat vall<•y lia v<' now free d mi nagt• to l il t• P n!' ili <~, through llie Ooldt• JI (l :ttl' and II1P trough ol' ti ll• Colu111 l> i:J, both of' w!Ji t: ll :11'\' \' !JaJJIH'ls 'IlL by t !J ' dr:tin:t"'l' W:Lll'r !lii'O II g' li lll () nJ JI:till h:t l'l'i('I'H that f'orln< •rly o b ~:; tru ·lt'<l i t' llow, a.n tl vrodUl't'\l an ar<·unJulation l>P IIin tl lli t' Jit ll1aL n1:ttl t· tlH'H<' vallt•ys inland lak<·f>; tlw firHL ol' Ll1 • Ht• ri t•H I :L ill lo dt•He rilw ol' o :l.t' Ji si ve fr<' ·lt-watl•r l>aHill l::i Lhat l'ornH•I'Iy gave elinradt• l' lo I Ill' surf':t.c<' of' our \ Vl'sl <' l'll T<' JTil ory, and t hai, ltave now almoHt all l><•<·n d mi Jll•cl away :tn<L di t>appeart•d . J<:ast of' lll<' Ualil'ornia \ ' all v,r, t l1 • , ' il' J'I'a N!'va<la liPH likt• a lof'ty liiOllJJlain eliain l'l':t (' llino· all t he way fh11n onr north ern lo our :sont li <·J·n bonndar.l' · TJ1o t: l'l'HL ol' t.l1 • ,' i(' rra eva.d a iH ·o ]Jino · !J and t'OJJlinnous Ll1aL for 1,000 nlil t•H i t sl1 ow · no pa~I;< 'H h•Hs than li,OOO f\•('L abovl' l il t' Ht•a, antl y<•L, at l ht·pe }lOiJds Llwn• a1· ' gat<'-ways opt' ll.ed. in lhi · wall , hy wlii r h it lllll .)' lll' J laH~l'd l>nl lil t ll' abovt• lil t' HPa lt'I'PI. Tll <•He al'(' t lio (' aii O JI ~; of t il • Sar J'aJn !' JJlo (PiL Hiv<' J'), th ' Kla.111alh an<L th UoluJnbia. J\ 11 lii<'Hl' m e gorp;t'H eut llirong li f iJi ::; g n Lt da111 by llio dminagP of' tile inl t• ri or of tli <• 'OJJiiJH'JIL ]n til l' lapse o f' ann ·t•s 1.11 <' cntli1wn clown of tlli s harri t' J' lias progrv 'H<'d lo Hueli an P:dt•nt :lH allllOHl ('O inpl l'le ly to <• n1pty tile gTPat walt•r ba~:; im; that OIJ <'P •xi ::; l t>d LH'llind il , and lt•a,·e tli • in l •ri or t il <' arid " 'a 'LP that it i ·- tile <nily real cl<• ' t•J'l on til • Nor th Am •ric an 'ontiu ·nt. 10 |