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Show 3 H 1 KY m >UN'l'AI N" CEN"E RY . the ize of a Newfoundland dog, whi ch was provi<10<1 wi tl1 thr·Pt' hoofs to nch foot, thOlwh tl10 lat l'ml hoo fs w0ro nl(li111ental. A !th ough no hors<'. w 1• known to (•xi::;t on thi · eo ntinent pr·ior to its <li sc·ovpr·y by Eur·opNtns, yet Dr. J.JCitly ha :; ·lwwn thaL lwforo tho agt• of ruan tlris was mphatically th' country of honi<'t1. Dr. Ll'idy has r·ppor t<·d LwPnty . Vt'n spl'Cit' of th0 honw farnily wllich an' known to have li vl'd on t l1is continrnt wior to the adn-'ut of 111an- a.bont thn•e tint ' a · many a.· arP now found li vin cr thronghonL tlw worhl. AmOII" thE> <·arni von•s w-' rt' spn•ral foxc>. and wolrc·s, OUl' of wlric·lt wa. larrrer than any now li ving; thn•r spec: it's of hya'notlon- anirnals whmw lr th iudicato tlraL t ht>y WNP of n•ntarl<ably l'll] >ac ions ha hit :;; ai Ko li ve :winmls of the (':l.t tribe wt• r·o found, ort E' about. tire s i~.l' of a rnn,ll pantht•r and anoLiwr :u; largt• as Llw l::~orgP~t wolf. 't•v pr·al ol' th <· kulls of the ti~re r- like aniiii:IIH c•xlt ihil<•cl tit' lll: trkR o[' tc• JTilJI ' conlliets 1ri th tlw cotpmpomry hy:cnocl ons. Among LhP rocknts Wt'J't' a porcupine', small bParPr, mhbit, ntOII S<', t•h'. The Pnelryd<'l'lliS or thic·k -skinrwcl nnimalH wen' qnitl' nnnH'I'OIIS nncl of grrat intPr -t from tlw fart th:tt nom' of t ltl' nt art> li1·ing on t hiH <·ontinPnt at the prl'RPnL time, and .}'l't h<'l'<' wp lintl tlJC r enmim; of sevp r:rl ani111als n.lliPtl to thP tlome tie hog, onP :tbnuL lltt' iz<' of t his animal , :wotiH•r as lfwg> n.R an Afi·ican llippopotamus, an<L a third not lllnelt largt• r· t itan Ll1<' <1omer;tic rat. Fiw species of tlr' rhinocl' I'OH r oalll('(l Llrronglr t.hes<' ntan;hcr,; ranging fronr a small homlt' ·s S}K'l' i<•s, abonl the Hizl' of til' hla<·k lwa.r, to tit <' largPst, which wa abont tlw siz<' of LlJ l' existing uni com of India. .N o aninmls of tht> kind now inhabit lhl' 1\'PstPrn lw111i "]lliPr •. Amoncr Lh thi ·k -skinrwd animals WPI'l' th • n •mains of a mastodon an<l a largp el phant distin <'L front any otlt<'l'H hen•tofor·<' discon'r·t•d in any par'L or the world. Dr. Lricly A:tyR t!Jnt " it is l'l' rrtarkablP Urat alllong thP rPnHtins of mammal · and tur·tlPI:\ tlwn at'P none of ro odilP~; . \\' h<:'n' were the t' creatur s wlwn th shor>.· of tho an ·ient ])akot.:ur and N bm kan water tec>med with such an ahn nclant provi l:lion of savory rnminating l10gs ~" Durino· th 'J'cr·timy peri od, N ehrn lm and Dakota weJ'(' the> hom s of a ra. c of animal!; more closPly alli('(l to t ltot1c in hahitinrr. Asia and Africa now, and from thei r· cltn.ntct r· w • m:ty ·uppo,;p that dunng that p riod thE> climat' wa onsiclerably warm r· than iL is at Jll'l' ent 'fh inferenc ' i , also drawn that our wol'ld wllich i~:~ u sually 0)1AllA TO lll~ YE NN" E. 80 called the new, i · in rPality tho old wol'ld, old •t· tha.n the eustt•J·n lwm i sp lwr·p. Ev ·r sin<·o tlt ('Oillllll'llC('lllCllt or 'J' 'ation, com;tant ch:tltgcs of fonn lravo bl' •n goin<)' on ill Ottl' earth. Oet>anr; :wd nJountain havt• di ·appl'ared and othN ' have tak n tlteir pl ae\'. Entil'l' grOU]1S or aninml an<l vL•~rdable lii'(' lmvp pa~ · •cl :1way and n w forms lrav, ·orne i nto I'Xistenc<.:', tlll' tJO"h a 1:\Ni s or year wlli ch no finite lllincl an nnmbt•r. 'l'o t'mtble tlro 111incl tor •:Liiz thP p hy ·ieal ·ondiLion of our plarwt durin" all. the· pa·t agPH is Lh hi crlre t Pnd to b • obtai nPd by tl1e tudy of g<·oloo·i!'al l'actH. 1t lmH l>P •n well •aid hy an <·l oq \II' li t lli stori:tll tlrat h _. who call tho past haek ag:tin into b •ing, <' ll,joys a b li 'i:l like tl1at of cr ca.ti ng. W, 111ay at-Lnnpt to form som ' icll'a of lht• plr yHim l 0' 'ogr-a.phy of t his J'(•g ion at th tirnp wlrr11 tit 'SC ani111al::; wand •r·pd ov ' I' th 'o1 111 try and to ::;peculat' :u; to th<' nmnnpr in which t lu·ir n•main hav' h • •n . o b 'lLUtifully ]il'l' 1-' I'V l'cl for Oltt' ' Xamin:ttion. vV(• lllll.Y suppo '<' that her> was a htrg1• fresh watt' !' lake durinO' thP mitldl<' 'l't• r·Liary p<' riod· Urat it 1ll'gan Jt -'111' Lhe HOU tltl'aHll't'll ·ide or tlr ' Bla ·k lT i lis not l arn·t• al fir t nor flt•<'p, h ut a· a nmrslt or lllll cl wall ow for th<• giganti · P:whydPnn that ]i n•<L at t lr !' tilll l'; LhaL :v tint ' pa."s<'cl on it ll!'ntme cll'<'j)<' l' rt11cl cxpandctl i ts Jirnit . until it covered Ll11' va ·t area whi<·h i t.· HcdinJt•nts indieaL '. \\ ' c:wnoL atternpt to poin t ouL in cl<olail all l ite cltangPI:l tltronglt wlti ·IL Wt' lll:l.}' Hll])JlOHl', fr Ill th • fad.· !-(i Vl' ll li S, t )Ji ::; ]:tk lJal; pa s' •<1 during til' tlr ousand ' or YI'ILrS that t• lapsl'd from its b•gin ning to its extinction, ti 111c loner nougl1 for two tli .·linrt l'aunc to havp contmen 'l'd tlwir· exi st<·ne ' and pa · '(•tl aw:ty in ~ Il l'<' < ssion, not a sin <•l • tlpecit·s pa::;Hing from one in to the othN. En•n tlmt Slllall fracti on r creol ogical tinH' '(' ' 111 1:\ infinit' to a. Jinite minJ. \Vc• bPi ii'\'O that the gr ·at rang• of' rn onntains that now Jip· to th • w1•st of t l1is lntHin was not a · lofty a · 11ow ; that doubt IL'S th • trecl · plains w •r • eOV<'l' d with fon• ·t · or "Tassy rtH:'Hdow · upon wlti ·It tl1' va:;t herdi:l of gn•gariou nrminanli:l cropp•cl th ir foo L. Into tlri gr· at .lako on I'Very sid poured many li tt le tr ' ILliiS from broad vall1'y s, iino rangirw ground for th nnmorous va ri> til' · of cr eatlLJ' • · tlrat cxir;ted at tlraL tim '. Lar·g<-' number !:! of H ' 1' · ' eamivorous b •a ·ts ntingkd with the rnultiLud ' · of rr·c•gariou ruminan t con tantly dcvour·in r th •m as food. A · many of th • bon' , •ither tlrrouglt dt·atlt by violenc _. or natural cau ' , w re I •ft iu th vall •y , th 'Y would |