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Show 1902.] ON THE ANATOMY OF THE CONDOR. 239 The fossils exhibited showed affinities, on the one hand, with the pigmy Hippopotamus of Western Africa, Chceropsis liberi-ensis; on the other, with some remains from the Lower Pliocene of Casino (Italy). They were considered by the exhibitor as a further illustration of the assumption that many of the Pleistocene Mammals of the Mediterranean Islands were the little modified survivors of Tertiary forms from the adjoining continents, from which the islands had been severed during that period. The following papers were read :- 1. On the Windpipe and the Heart of the Condor. By F R A N K E. B E D D A R D , M.A., F.R.S., Vice-Secretary and Prosector of the Society. [Received March 12, 1902.] (Text-figures 29-32.) The generalities in the structure of the windpipe of the Condor are pretty well known, and have been so for long, though the information as given is not always exact. There has not been, however, so far as I am aware, a detailed comparison of that organ in the two sexes. As sexual differences in the windpipe are to be found at least in Sarcorhamphus gryphus, I have thought it worth while to draw up an account of the matter. In the female Sarcorhamphus gryphus the two bronchi end, as I described and figured them some years since ',ina membranous tract of some length ; the cartilaginous rings of the bronchi in fact cease to exist some way before the bronchi plunge into the lung-substance. This membranous tract of each bronchus is enveloped and completely covered by a layer of muscle, which is prolonged into several strands of muscle tying the bronchus down to the membranous surface of the lung. The figure of the windpipe in the female Condor illustrating my account of it was drawn from the recently dead specimen, and is, I believe, quite accurate. I have examined also the windpipe of a female example of the second species of the genus Sarcorhamphus, viz. S. cequatorialis, which I had preserved at the time of the death of this specimen. The end of each bronchus is, in precisely the same way as in S. gryphus, covered with a sheet of muscle. I do not give here a detailed account of the arrangement of the muscular tags proceeding from this sheath of muscle and tying down the bronchus to the lung-surface, since they appear to be, as far as I can judge, identical with the arrangements to be seen in Sarcorhamphus gryphus. I have quite lately had the opportunity, through the death of one of these birds, of examining the windpipe in the male Sarco-i " Notes ou the Anatomy of the Condor," P. Z. S. 1890, p. 142. |