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Show 78 IMMIGRANTS' AND SETTLERS' GUIDE The reputation of C r ~ . Jrops to t~e highest ;e~fe~~i~t0f8 ~ growth of root-ts pure air, fr.eedom from . t own everywhere. wet, make it favorable for aff t~nse heat and excessive Farm labor-savin i I ese crops. ~xte_nsively used ingh:~::ents and machines are very forma, the scarcity and con ng all c~real crops of Calilabor I? resenting an almost :quent high price of manual extensive use in field . surmountable barrier to its operat1ons. Th . YIELD OF DIFF ERENT CROPS. e yield of the several . for the year 1861 ' a s .t- 11 crops, JUSt enumerated wa 10 ows: s, Wheat. . • • . . . Aggrega~ yield. Barley. · · · · · · · · · · · · • • ·Bush., 8 805 411 0 . . . . . . . . , , ats . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · " 5 293 442 C . . . • • . • • ' , orn . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · '' 1 057 592 H . . . . . . . . . ,, ' ' a.y . . . . . . • • . • . . • . . . . . • 478,169 Potatoes ....... ." ." ." .": · · · · ·•· • · Tons, 304,791 . . ....... Bush., 1,298,47 4 STOCK-RAISING A~. 'Yield per acre. Bush. 24! ,, 23f ,, 28! ,, 28 Tons, 1-22 Bush., 62f l)"O" In California there . . unfit for the lou h IS a ~arge amount of ra . sideration b/the ~ntean; thi~ is~ fact well w~rth;,.n;f land fz?u~i: miles !n the ar~ai~fCaf{;!;!_~t;, "Of the 16~,~~n; " b admirable work " R ' says Mr. Hittel til~a~tt 60,000 may be tmabl:~our~es of California,'; e acres, at least 30 000 0 ' an of the 40,000,000 c.a~~ot, because of the w~ ' 00 ~re so dry that the S- lblhJl ty of. irrigat·I on b e mnatd oft moisture and the I. mposy-sma grain . and 'r e o produce an three-fourth~ will o the. remaining 10 ool ocoroop save pum kins not yield fruits '· ' acres . A p , or garden vegetabl . ' maize, potatoes 0' .country like this shouldesbwithout irrigation." ' cohroawraicntge ,S tate , especi. ally when theec omI" e a ~reat stock- 1 as to enabl th c Ima te Is of h degree with W.i nter fee edine gf.a rmer to d.I Spense m. as guere aat I TO THE NEW STATES AND TERRITORIES. 79 The animal farm stock of California in 1862 was as follows: Horses . • . . . . . • • • . . • . . 164,293 J Sheep .•••• .". • • • . . . . 1,254,543 Mules................ 23,855 Goats............... 11,591 Cattle... . . . . . . . . • • • • . 900,920 Hogs • • • • . . • . . . • . . . . 322,905 Total .........••.....•..•••....••.....•••••••• 2,57 8,107 ITS HORTICULTURE. In det,ermining the capaGity of. California to produce human food, its production of fruit must not be overlooked. The annual statistics of the number of trees and vines, and their product, are carefully kept by the State, and they show the remarkable adaptation of California to the growth of all fruits, both of the warm and tempe-rate regions. From the returns of the counties in the report of the Surveyor-General, the soil and climate adapted forfruitgrowillg appear to be ~uch xpore. extensive t~an are suited to profitable gram productiOn. The middle of the Sacramento valley is perhaps too hot and dry for fruits but the slop.es at the base of its mountains are most 'excellent. The sm::i.ller valleys, with their higher elevations, are no less suitable. V .ARIETIES OF FRUIT. .Among the fruits most extensively grown in California are the apricot, quince, cherry, plum, pear, peach, apple, nectarine, prune, pineapple, pomegranate, and gooseberry- the olive, aloe, orange, lemon, and citron are also raised in great perfection. Among the vines are the grape, strawberry, and raspberry . THE GRAPE. The culture of the grapevine and the manufacture of the delicious wine which is already extensively known throughout this country, and even in some parts of |