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Show 36 IMMIGRANTS' AND SETTLERS' GUIDE ' . 'vasbingA of the mountains or hillsides, and requirino-only the action of water, by sluicing or hydraulics, t~ separate them from the earthy 1nixture, the term "placer" is applied to this mode of 1nining. On the other l1and, where gold deposits are found mixed with quartz rock, }Jyrites of iron and copper, or other metals, and occupying veins between \Valls of solid granite, they are called " lode " mines. The latter can only be worked profitably by the aid of capital and powerful machinery ; but experience has confirmed the belief that this kind of mining is more permanent and quite as profitable as "placer" mining. 1-,he mines of Colorado are of this class, and the leading enterprises of the population are specially directed to the imp:rovement and development of these veins or crevices. MINING OPERATIONS BEGUN 1858-9. As a mining country, settled and occupied by the Anglo-Saxon race, Colorado dates from the fall of 1858. In the summer of that year a fe·w adventurers and explorers fi·om Eastern Kansas and Georgia, under the leadership of Greene Russell, an old Georgia and California miner, followed up the Arkansas River, and explored the country at and around Pike's Peak, and northward along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Cherokee Pass. They found sure indications of gold in the banks and bars of the Arkansas River, 250 miles below the mountains. These indications increased as they approached the mount:lins. 1-,o the north of Pike's Peak, at the mouth of Cherry Creek, the site of the present town of Denver, on South Platte River, near: the eastern base of the mountains, they four:d a ve,·y. ~uperior quality of washed gold, in small paying quantitles. _In May of ~he following spring .(1859), the Gregory mu~es ~ere discovered. Quartz mills were put in oper~ tion In the su~er of 1860, and soon a large emigration began to set In to the new El Dorado of the West. TO THE NEW STATES A ND TERRITORIES. CBINERY USED I N COLORADO. • MINING MA • d t prl- . . region IS depen er.L ' The success of any ;n:~~gliberal capital and power-marily, upon manu~l aorotarn't accessories, however, and h. ·yare Imp ful mac Iner ntial ones. · · in Colorado they are essen . use there for obtammg The machinery genera ~ ~ of very simple construe-old from the quartz or oie . (or wheel if water-g . . h" fl of an engine ' . th tion, consisting c Ie y t f statnps for crus~Ing e power is used), a?~ a s~ ~ practical miners ill c.olo· ore. It is the opinion o a xce tions, that the engmes rado with only one or two e apns large enough for the now '·m use t h ei. e al· e by no mef them measures 14- .m eh required use. T?e larges~ o ruus 24 revolutions per cylinder and 24-I~Ch stro e5o ounds of steam. In ·minute, and carri~s a?out . fea at 80 horse-power. Colorado thi~ engi~Je I~ ~~~r:~verrated, an~ to do thJ All other e~gmes aie ethe are run at high spee . work reqmred .of them y . g machinery have, ~h~s Most of the engmes ant st~mp~ Chicago. The pnnCI· far, been made in s~ i~~~e a~ver-shot,oalthough there pal water-whdeel hus~ and breast-wheels. are some un er-s 0 MINING CLAIMS. . are in force, which give to In Colorado _hberal l~w; a uartz-vein 200 local feet the fortunate discoverllr ~hersqwho apply in season 10~ of the same, an~ to ~ o These claims are recorde feet not already claf~~· District and by this process in the Clerk's Office ? ~ secured and respected. the ri<Yhts of the partresal r.e nd had it recorded, the o. d your c aim a neHxat vthl~ingg rfnoar t~ e miner to do is to see to . SINKING A SHAFT. d •th great labor, and not This is sometim;s attende f ':"inkilH!. a shaft four feet a little expense. rhe cost 0 u |