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Show 176 AUACI~NJDES. ries, which are frequently two feet in depth, and so extremely tortu. ous, that, according to Dufour, it is frequently impossible to tt·ace them. At the mouth, they construct a movable opet·culum with earth and silk, fixed by a hinge, which, from its form, nicely adjusted to the aperture, its inclination, its weight, and the superior position of the hinge, spontaneously shuts, and completely closes the entrance of their habitation, forming a kind of trap-door, which is scarcely distinguishable from the surrounding earth. Its inner surface is lined with a layer of silk, to which Lhe animal clings, in order to keep its door shut and prevent intruders from opening it. If it be slightly raised, it is a sure indication that the owner is within. Unearthed by laying open the gallery front of the entrance, it becomes stupified, and allows itself to be captured without resistance. A silken tube, or the nest properly so called, lines the inside of the gallery. M. Dufour thinks that the males never excavate. IndeIJendently of his having found them under stones only, they do not se~m to him .s~ well prepa~·ed ~ith organs adapted to such work(!). Without dec1dmg upon th1s pomt, we presume, with him, that the b'lygale carminans of France-Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., art. MY· GALE-is merely the male of the following species: Walckcnaer however, doubts it. ' M. cfl3mentaria, Lat.; ./l.raignee ma9onne, Sauvag., Hist. de l'Acad. des Sc., 1758, p. 26; .llraignee mineuse, Dorthes., Tt·ans. Lin. Soc. II, 17, 8; Walck., Ilist. des Aran., fasc. III, x; Faun. Franh Arach., II, 4; Dufour, Ann. des Sc. Phys., V, lxxiii, 5, The female Mason Spider, as it is called, is about eight lines in length, of a reddish colour, verging on a brown more or less deep; edges of the thorax paler. The chelicerre are blackish each one furnished above, near the articulation of the hook 1 with five points, of which the internal is the shortest. Th; abdomen is of a mouse-grey, with streaks of a darker hue, ~he first joint of all the tarsi is furnished with small spines. I he hooks of the last have a spur at their base, and a double range of acute teeth. The mammillre are but slightly prominent. According to Dufour-Ann. des Sc. Phys., V, lxxiii, 4-the s~pposed male, of which I have made a species, M cardeuse, ~hffers fr.om the preceding individual in the gr·eater length of Its feet, m the hooks of the tarsi, which are twice the number ~f the oth~r, but have no spurs, and in the diminished length of Its mamnuJlre. A more apparent character may be found in the (1) See his excellent memoir t'tl d " 01 . . Q d . 1 . en 1 c , >servat10ns sur quelques Arachmdes ua r•pu mon:ures." PULMON ARIJE. 177 stout spine, which terminates, inferiorly, the two anterior tibire. This Mygale is found in the southern departm<>nts of France situated on the borders of the Mediterranean, in Spain, &c. frf.jodiens, Walck., Faun. Franc;:, Arach., II, 1, 2; M. Sauvagesii, Dufour, Ann. des Sc. Phys., V, Jxxiii, 3; .!lranea Sauvagesii, Ross. The female is somewhat large1· than that of the preceding species, and of a light reddish-brown, without spots. The exterior fusi are long. The four antel'ior tarsi are alone furnished with small spines; all have a spur at the end, and their hooks have but a single tooth, situated at their base. The chelicerre are stouter and more bent than those of the C£Cmentaria; the teeth of the rake are rather more numerous, and there are two ranges of teeth under the first joint. The male is unknown. This species is found in Tuscany and Corsica. 'fhe1·e is a small clod of earth in the Museum d'Hist. Nat. of Paris, in which are four of its nests, forming a regular quadrilateral figure. M. Lemvre, who has made so many sac1·ifices to the science of Entomology, has discovered a new species of Mygale in Sicily, the entire body of which is of a blackish brown. The extremity of the anterior tibire of the male does not exhibit that stout spine which appears to be peculiar to inclivi.duals of the same sex, in the other Mygales. Another species is found in Jamaica-M. nidulans-figured, together with its nest, by Brown in his Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, pl. xliv, 3. There, the palpi are inserted into an infedor dilatation of the external side of the jaws, and consist of but five joints. The ligula, at first very small-Atypus-lengthens, and then advances between the jaws, and this character becomes general. The last joint of the palpi, in both sexes, is elongated, and pointed near the end. There is no spur to the extremity of the unterior tibire of the males. ATYrus, Lat.-Oletera, Walck. 'r~e Atypi have a very small ligula almost covered by the internal portiOn of the base of the jaws, and closely approximated eyes grouped on a tubercle. .lltypus Sulze,.i, ·Lat., Gener. Crust. et Insect., I, v, 2, the male; Dufour, Ann. des Sc. Phys., V, lxxiii, 6; .!lrrmea picea, Sulz.; Otetere atype, Walck., Faun. Franc;., Arach., II, 3. Body entit·ely blackish, and about eight lines in length. The thorax is nearly square, depressed posteriorly, inflated, widened, and broadly truncated anteriol'ly, presenting an appearance very Vot. III.-X |